Growth in Otter (Lutra lutra) populations in the UK as shown by long-term monitoring

Ambio

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 148-152

  Mason, Christopher F ^a   Macdonald, Sheila M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LONG-TERM CHANGE; MONITORING; MUSTELID; POPULATION GROWTH;

EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

ANIMALIA; CARNIVORA; LUTRA; LUTRA LUTRA; LUTRINAE; MUSTELIDAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 2342649572     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-33.3.148     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Mason, C.F. and Macdonald, S.M. 1986. Otters: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
2. Macdonald, S.M. and Mason, C.F. 1994. Status and conservation needs of the otter (Lutra lutra) in the western Palearctic. Nature Environment 67: Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
3. Olsson, M., Reutergårdh, L. and Sandegren, F. 1981. Where is the otter? Sveriges Natur 6, 234-240. (In Swedish).
4. Sjöåsen, T., Ozolins, J., Greyerz, E. and Olsson, M. 1997. The otter (Lutra lutra) situation in Latvia and Sweden related to PCB and DDT levels. Ambio 26, 196-201.
5. Murk, A.J., Leonards, P.E.G., van Hattum, B., Luit, R., van der Weiden, M.E.J. and Smit, M. 1998. Application of biomarkers for exposure and effect of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in naturally exposed European otters (Lutra lutra). Environ. Toxicol. Pharm. 6, 91-102.
6. Mason, C.F. and Wren, C.D. 2001. Carnivora. In: Ecotoxicology of Wild Mammals. Shore, R. and Rattner, B. (eds). Wiley, Chichester, pp. 315-370.
7. Mason, C.F. and Madsen, A.B. 1993. Organochlorine pesticide residues and PCBs in Danish otters (Lutra lutra). Sci. Total Environ. 133, 73-81.
8. Mason, C.F. 1998. Decline of PCB levels in otters (Lutra lutra). Chemosphere 36, 169-171.
9. Roos, A., Greyerz, E., Olsson, M. and Sandegren, F. 2001. The otter (Lutra lutra) in Sweden - population trends in relation to total DDT and total PCB concentrations during 1968-99. Environ. Pollut. 111, 457-469.
10. Hammershoj, M., Madsen, A.B., Bruun-Schmidt, I.O., Gaardmand, B., Jensen, A., Jensen, B., Jeppesen, J.L. and Laursen, J.T. 1996. Otter (Lutra lutra) Survey of Denmark 1996. Miljø-og Energiministeriet Danmarks Miljoundersøgelser.
11. Strachan, R. and Jefferies, D.J. 1996. Otter Survey of England 1991-1994. Vincent Wildlife Trust, London.
12. Macdonald, S.M., Mason, C.F. and Coghill, I.S. 1978. The otter and its conservation in the River Teme catchment. J. Appl. Ecol. 15, 373-384.
13. Macdonald, S.M. and Mason, C.F. 1983. Some factors influencing the distribution of otters (Lutra lutra). Mammal Rev. 13, 1-10.
14. Macdonald, S.M. and Mason, C.F. 1987. Seasonal marking in an otter population. Acta Theriol. 32, 449-461.
15. Macdonald, S.M. and Mason, C.F. 1988. Observations on an otter population in decline. Acta Theriol. 33, 415-434.
16. Macdonald, S.M. 1983. The status of the otter (Lutra lutra) in the British Isles. Mammal Rev. 13, 11-23.
17. Kruuk, H., Conroy, J.W.H., Glimmerveen, U. and Ouwerkerk, E.J. 1986. The use of spraints to survey populations of otters Lutra lutra. Biol. Conserv. 35, 187-194.
18. Mason, C.F. and Macdonald, S.M. 1993. Impact of organochlorine residues and PCBs on otters (Lutra lutra): a study from western Britain. Sci. Total Environ. 138, 127-145.
19. Macdonald, S. and Mason, C.F. 1976. The status of the otter (Lutra lutra L.) in Norfolk. Biol. Conserv. 9, 199-124.
20. Clayton, C.J. and Jackson, M.J. 1980. Norfolk Otter Survey 1980-81. J. Otter Trust 1980, 16-22.
21. Mason, C.F. and Macdonald, S.M. 1987. The use of spraints for surveying otter (Lutra lutra) populations: an evaluation. Biol. Conserv. 41, 167-177.
22. Conroy, J.W.H. and French, D.D. 1987. The use of spraints to monitor populations of otters (Lutra lutra L.). Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 58, 247-262.
23. Green, J. and Green, R. 1987. Otter Survey of Scotland 1984-85. Vincent Wildlife Trust, London
24. Green, R. and Green, J. 1997. Otter Survey of Scotland 1991-1994. Vincent Wildlife Trust, London.
25. Green, R. 1991. The impact of hunting, poaching and accidents on otter survival and measures to protect individual animals. In: Proc. V Int. Otter Colloqu. Reuther, C. and Röchert, R. (eds). Habitat 6, 171-190.
26. Madsen, A.B. and Gaardmand, B. 2000. Otter (Lutra lutra) monitoring in Denmark based on spraint surveys, collected carcases and reported observations. Lutra 43, 29-38.
27. Ruiz-Olmo, J., Saavedra, D. and Jimémez, J. 2001. Testing the surveys and visual and track censuses of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). J. Zool. 253, 359-369.
28. Jefferies, D.J., Wayre, P. and Shuter, R. 2001. A brief history of the Otter Trust's successful programme of repopulating lowland England with otters bred in captivity with special emphasis on East Anglia. J. Otter Trust 3, 105-117.
29. Mason, C.F. and Macdonald, S.M. 1993. Impact of organochlorine residues and PCBs on otters (Lutra lutra) in eastern England. Sci. Total Environ. 138, 147-160.
30. Estes, J.A. 1990. Growth and equilibrium in sea otter populations. J. Anim. Ecol. 59, 385-401.
31. Marchant, J.H., Hudson, R., Carter, S.P. and Whittington, P. 1990. Population Trends in British Breeding Birds. British Trust for Ornithology, Tring.
32. Asher, J., Warren, M., Fox, R., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G. and Jeffcoate, S. 2001. The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
33. Surveys for the period 1989-1991 were funded by WWF-UK, and thereafter by Bill Jordan's Wildlife Defence Fund. We would especially like to thank Bill Jordan for his support of this project.
34. First submitted 23 Jan. 2003. Revised manuscript arrived 26 May 2003. Accepted for publication 5 June 2003.