The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's stressor identification guidance: A process for determining the probable causes of biological impairments

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1431-1443

  Cormier, Susan M ^a   Norton, Susan Braen ^a   Suter II, Glenn W ^a  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological impairment; Causality; Ecoepidemiology; Stressor identification

Indexed keywords

EID: 2342647399     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807030390250930     Document Type: Review

References (17)

1. Cairns J Jr, Dickson KL, Westlake GF, eds. 1975. Biological Monitoring of Water and Effluent Quality. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2. Davis WS and Simon TP, eds. 1995. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Tools for Water Resource Planning and Decision Making. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA
3. Fox GA. 1991. Practical causal inference for ecoepidemiologists. J Toxicol Environ Health 33:359-73
4. Hill AB. 1965. The environment and disease: Association or causation. Proc Royal Soc Med 58:295-300
5. Marchant R. 1997. Classification and prediction of macroinvertebrate assemblages from running water in Victoria, Australia. J N Am Benthol Soc 16:664-81
6. Maxted J, Evans B, and Scarsbrook M. in press. Development of macroinvertebrate protocols for soft-bottomed streams in New Zealand. New Zealand J Mar Freshw Res (in press), see also http://limsoc.rsnz.org/ publications.htm
7. Metcalfe-Smith J. 1994. Biological water-quality assessment of rivers: Use of macroinvertebrate communities. In: Calow P and Petts G (eds), The Rivers Handbook. Hydrological and Ecological Principles. vol 2, pp 144-70. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA, USA
8. Meyer FP and Barclay LA. 1990. Field Manual for the Investigation of Fish Kills. Resource Pub. 177. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, USA
9. Norton SB, Rao L, Suter G, et al. 2003. Minimizing cognitive errors in site-specific causal assessments. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 9:213-29
10. Ohio EPA (Ohio Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. Biological Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Life: Volumes I-II. Division of Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment, Surface Water Section, Columbus, OH, USA
11. Plafkin JL, Barbour MT, Porter KD, et al. 1989. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Rivers and Streams: Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. EPA-440-4-89-001. Office of Water Regulations and Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
12. Reynoldson TB, Norris RN, Resh VH, et al. 1997. The reference condition: A comparison of multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess water-quality impairment using benthic macroinvertebrates. J N Am Benthol Soc 16:833-52
13. Susser M. 1988. Falsification, verification and causal inference in epidemiology: Reconsideration in light of Sir Karl Popper's philosophy. In: Rothman KJ (ed), Causal Inference, pp 33-58. Epidemiology Resources, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
14. Suter GW, Norton SB, and Cormier SM. 2002. A methodology for inferring the causes of observed impairments in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:23-33
15. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1975. Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians. EPA/660/3-75-009. Washington, DC, USA
16. USEPA. 2000. Stressor Identification Guidance Document. EPA/822/B-00/025. Office of Research and Development and the Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA
17. USEPA. 2002. Consolidated Assessment Programs and Biocriteria Development for States, Tribes, Territories, and Interstate Commissions: Streams and Wadeable Rivers, EPA-822-R-02-048. Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA