Microbiological Considerations in Sepsis

Sepsis

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 101-106

  Cohen, Jonathan ^a,c   Lynn, William A ^b  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^b EALING HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2342575031     PISSN: 13850229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009765722854     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644-1655.
2. Bone RC, Fisher Jr CJ, Clemmer TP, Slotman GJ, Metz CA, Balk RA. Sepsis syndrome: A valid clinical entity. Crit Care Med 1989;17:389-393.
3. Bone RC. Toward a theory regarding the pathogenesis of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: What we do and do not know about cytokine regulation. Crit Care Med 1996;24:163-172.
4. Vincent J-L. Sepsis and septic shock: Update on definitions. In: Reinhart K, Eyrich K, Sprung C, eds. Sepsis. Current Perspectives in Pathophysiology and Therapy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994;3-15.
5. Vincent J-L, Bihari D, Suter P, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995;274:639-644.
6. Abraham E, Glauser MP, Butler T, et al. p55 Tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. JAMA 1997;277:1531-1538.
7. Sveen K, Hofstad T, Milner KC. Lethality for mice and chick embryos, pyrogenicity in rabbits and ability to gelate lysate from amoebocytes of Limulus polyphemus by lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Veillonella. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B 1977;85B:388-396.
8. Kieft H, Hoepelman Al, Zhou W, Rozenberg-Arska M, Struyvenberg A, Verhoef J. The sepsis syndrome in a Dutch university hospital. Clinical observations. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2241-2247.
9. Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcus infections. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:2-13.
10. Weinstein MP, Towns ML, Quartey SM, et al. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures in the 1990's: A prospective comprehensive evaluation of the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:584-602.
11. Pittet D, Li N, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Microbiological factors influencing the outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections: A 6-year validated, population-based model. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:1068-1078.
12. Kreger BE, Craven DE, McCabe WR. Gram-negative bacteremia IV. Reevaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients. Am J Med 1980;68:344-355.
13. Giroir BP, Quint PA, Barton P, et al. Preliminary evaluation of recombinant amino-termainal fragment of human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in children with severe meningococcal sepsis. Lancet 1997;350:1439-1443.
14. Dhainaut JF, Tenaillon A, Le Tulzo Y, et al. Platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist BN 52021 in the treatment of severe sepsis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1720-1728.
15. Fisher Jr CJ, Agosti JM, Opal SM, et al. Treatment of septic shock with the tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1697-1702.
16. Pittet D, Monod M, Suter PM, Frenk E, Auckenthaler R. Candida colonization and subsequent infections in critically ill surgical patients. Ann Surg 1994;220:751-758.
17. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Risk factors for hospital-acquired candidemia. A matched case-control study. Arch Intern Med 1989;149:2349-2353.
18. Pittet D, Harbarth S. The intensive care unit. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS, eds. Hospital Infections. Boston: Little, Brown, 1998;381-402.
19. Ziegler EJ, Fisher Jr CJ, Sprung C, et al. Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324: 429-436.
20. Smith-Elekes S, Weinstein MP. Blood cultures. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1993;7:221-234.
21. Kreger BE, Craven DE, Carling PC, McCabe WR. Gram-negative bacteremia. III. Reassessment of etiology, epidemiology and ecology in 612 patients. Am J Med 1980;68: 332-343.
22. Mermel LA, Maki DG. Detection of bacteremia in adults: Consequences of culturing an inadequate volume of blood. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:270-272.
23. Weinstein MP, Mirrett S, Wilson ML, Reimer LG, Reller LB. Controlled evaluation of 5 versus 10 milliliters of blood cultured in aerobic BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:2103-2106.
24. Weinstein MP, Reller LB, Murphy JR, Lichtenstein KA. The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. Laboratory and epidemiologic observations. Rev Infect Dis 1983;5:35-53.
25. Lynn WA, Cohen J. Microbiological requirements for studies of sepsis. In: Sibbald WJ, Vincent J-L, eds. Clinical Trials for the Treatment of Sepsis. Update in Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care 19. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995;71-85.