Effects of defoliation height on regrowth of timothy and meadow fescue in the generative and vegetative phases of growth

Agricultural and Food Science in Finland

Volumn 12, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 177-193

  Virkajärvi, Perttu ^a  

^a Finland's Environmental Administration   (Finland)

Author keywords

Carbohydrates; Festuca pratensis; Fructans; Leaf area index; Pastures; Phleum pratense; Tillering; Water soluble carbohydrates

Indexed keywords

FESTUCA; FESTUCA PRATENSIS; PHLEUM PRATENSE; POACEAE; SCHEDONORUS PRATENSIS;

EID: 2342570976     PISSN: 12390992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.23986/afsci.5755     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bonesmo, H. 2000. Regrowth rates of timothy and meadow fescue as related to the content of remaining water-soluble carbohydrates and non-elongated tillers. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica. Section B. Soil and Plant Science 50: 22-27.
2. Davies, A. 1988. The regrowth of grass swards. In: Jones, M.B. & Lazenby, A. (eds.). The grass crop. The physiological basis of production. Chapman and Hall, London, p. 85-127.
3. Fulkerson, W.J. & Donaghy, D.J. 2001. Plant soluble carbohydrate reserves and senescence - key criteria for developing an effective grazing management system for ryegrass-based pastures: a review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41: 261-275.
4. Grant, S.A., Barthram, G.T., Torvell, L., King, J. & Smith, K. 1983. Sward management, lamina turnover and tiller population density in continuously stocked Lolium perenne dominated swards. Grass and Forage Science 38: 333-344.
5. Jäntti, A. & Heinonen, R. 1957. Effect of defoliation and soil moisture on grassland re-growth. Journal of British Grassland Society 12: 56-61.
6. Heide, O. 1994. Control of flowering and reproduction in temperate grasses. New Phytologist 128: 347-362.
7. Heide, O., Hay, R.K.M. & Baugerod, H. 1985. Specific daylength effects on leaf growth and dry-matter production in high latitude grasses. Annals of Botany 55: 579-586.
8. Jones, M.B. 1988. Water relations. In: Jones, M.B. & Lazenby, A. (eds.). The grass crop. The physiological basis of production. Chapman and Hall, London. p. 205-242.
9. Kangas, A., Laine, A., Niskanen, M., Salo, Y., Vuorinen, M., Jauhiainen, L. & Mäkelä, L. 2001. Results of official variety trials 1993-2000. MTT Publications. Series A 94. 262 p.
10. Littel, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Struop, W.W. & Wolfinger, R.D. 1996. SAS® system for mixed models. Cary NC, USA. SAS Institute Inc. 633 p.
11. Ourry, A., MacDuff, J.H. & Ougham, H.J. 1996. The relationship between mobilization of N reserves and changes in translatable messages following defoliation in Lolium temulentum L. and Lolium perenne L. Journal of Experimental Botany 47: 739-747.
12. Parsons, A.J., Johnson, I.R. & Harvey, A. 1988. Use of model to optimize the interaction between frequency and severity of intermittent defoliation and to provide a fundamental comparison of the continuous and intermittent defoliation of grass. Grass and Forage Science 43: 49-59.
13. Pollock, C.J. & Jones, T. 1979. Seasonal patterns of fructan metabolism in forage grasses. New Phytologist 83: 9-15.
14. Richards, J.H. & Caldwell, M.M. 1985. Soluble carbohydrates, concurrent photosynthesis and efficiency in regrowth after defoliation. A field study with agropyron species. Journal of Applied Ecology 22: 907-920.
15. Simon, J.C. & Lemaire, G. 1987. Tillering and leaf area index in grasses in the vegetative phase. Grass and Forage Science 42: 373-380.
16. Simon, U. & Park, B.H. 1981. A descriptive scheme for stages of development in perennial forage grasses. In: Smith, J.A. & Hays, V.W. (eds.). Proceedings of the XIV International Grassland Congress. Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 15-24 June 1981. p. 416-418.
17. Slack, K., Fulkerson, W.J. & Scott, J.M. 2000. Regrowth of prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in response to temperature and defoliation. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51: 555-561.
18. Smith, D. 1967. Carbohydrates in grasses. II Sugar and fructosan composition of the stem bases of bromegrass and timothy at several growth stages and in different plant parts at anthesis. Crop Science 7: 62-67.
19. Spollen, W.G. & Nelson, C.J. 1988. Characterization of fructan from mature leaf blades and elongation zones of developing leaf blades of wheat, tall fescue, and timothy. Plant Physiology 88: 1349-1353.
20. Thorsteinsson, B., Harrison, P.A. & Chatterton, N.J. 2002. Fructan and total carbohydrate accumulation in leaves of two cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense Vega and Climax) as affected by temperature. Journal of Plant Physiology 159: 999-1003.
21. Virkajärvi, P. & Järvenranta, K. 2001 Leaf dynamics of timothy and meadow fescue under Nordic conditions. Grass and Forage Science 56: 294-304.
22. Virkajärvi, P., Sairanen, A., Nousiainen, J.I. & Khalili, H. 2002. Effect of herbage allowance on pasture utilization, regrowth and milk yield of dairy cows in early, mid and late season. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97: 23-40.
23. Virkajärvi, P., Sairanen, A., Nousiainen, J.I. & Khalili, H. 2003. Sward and milk production response to early turnout of dairy cows to pasture in Finland. Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 12: 21-34.
24. Volaire, F. & Gandoin, J.M. 1996. The effect of age of sward on the relationship between watersoluble carbohydrate accumulation and drought survival in two contrasted populations of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). Grass and Forage Science 51: 190-198.
25. Xia, J.X., Hodgson, J. & Chu, A.C.P. 1994. Effects of severity of grazing on tissue turnover in Matua prairie grass dairy pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 37: 41-50.