Understanding play: The implications for play assessment

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 3-12

  Stagnitti, Kare ^a  

^a Greater Green Triangle University Department of Rural Health   (Australia)

Author keywords

Assessment; Occupational; Play; Preschoolers

Indexed keywords

CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GROWTH; CLINICAL OBSERVATION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEASUREMENT; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY; PEDIATRICS; PLAY THERAPY; REVIEW; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; STANDARDIZATION; THEORY; TIME;

EID: 2342559152     PISSN: 00450766     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1630.2003.00387.x     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Barnett, L. A. (1991). The playful child: Measurement of a disposition to play. Play and Culture, 4, 51-74.
2. Bateson, G. (1955). A theory of play and fantasy. Psychiatric Research Reports, 2, 39-51.
3. Behnke, C. J. & Fetkovich, M. M. (1984). Examining the reliability and validity of the Play History. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 38, 94-100.
4. Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, arousal and curiosity. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
5. Bledsoe, N. & Shepherd, J. T. (1982). A study of reliability and validity of a preschool play scale. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36, 783 -787.
6. Bracegirdle, H. (1992). The use of play in occupational therapy for children: What is play? British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, 107-108.
7. Bryze, K. (1997). Narrative contributions to the play history. In: L. D. Parham & L. S. Fazio, (Eds.) Play in Occupational Therapy for Children, pp. 23-34. St. Louis: Mosby.
8. Bundy, A. C. (1991). Play theory and sensory integration. In: E. A. Morrison, A. G. Fisher & A. C. Bundy (Eds), Sensory integration theory and practice (pp. 46-68). Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis Co.
9. Bundy, A. C. (1993). Assessment of play and leisure: Delineation of the problem. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47, 217-222.
10. Bundy, A. (1997). Play and playfulness: What to look for. In: L. D. Parham & L. S. Fazio (Eds), Play in occupational therapy for children (pp. 52-66). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
11. Bundy, A. (2001). Measuring play performance. In: M. Law, D. Baum & W. Dunn (Eds), Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy (pp. 89-102). Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc.
12. Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (1996). Practice paper: Occupational therapy and children's play. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63, 1-9.
13. Clift, S., Stagnitti, K. & DeMello, D. (1998). A validational study of the Test of Pretend Play using correlational and classificational analysis. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 14, 199-209.
14. Cooper, R. (2000). The impact of child abuse on children's play: A conceptual model. Occupational Therapy International, 7, 259-276.
15. Couch, K. J., Deitz, J. C. & Kanny, E. M. (1997). The role of play in pediatric occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52, 111-117.
16. Doswell, G., Lewis, V., Sylva, K. & Boucher, J. (1994). Validation data on the Warwick Symbolic Play Test. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 29, 289-298.
17. Ellis, M. J. (1973). Why people play. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18. Erikson, E. H. (1985). Play and actuality. In: J. S. Bruner, A. Jolly & K. Sylva (Eds), Play: its role in development and evolution (pp. 688-704). New York, NY: Penguin Books.
19. Fewell, R. R. & Glick, M. P. (1993). Observing play: An appropriate process for learning and assessment. Infants and Young Children, 5, 35-43.
20. Florey, L. L. (1981). Studies of play: Implications for growth, development, and for clinical practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35, 519-524.
21. Freud, S. (1961). Beyond the pleasure principle. New York, NY: Norton.
22. Furlow, B. (2001). Play's the thing. New Scientist, 2294, 28-31.
23. Goodman, J. F. (1994). 'Work' versus 'Play' and early childhood care. Early Childhood Care, 23, 177-196.
24. Groos, K. (1985). The play of animals: Play and instinct. In: J. S. Brunner, A. Jolly & K. Sylva (Eds), Play: its role in development and evolution, pp. 68-83. New York, NY: Penguin Books.
25. Hall, G. S. (1920). Youth. New York, NY: A. Appleton.
26. Harkness, L. & Bundy, A. C. (2001). The Test of Playfulness and children with physical disabilities. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 21, 73-89.
27. Harrison, H. & Kielhofner, G. (1986). Examining the reliability and validity of the Preschool Play Scale with handicapped children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 40, 167-173.
28. Howard, A. C. (1986). Developmental play ages of physically abused and nonabused children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 40, 691-694.
29. Hutt, C. (1985). Exploration and play in children. In: J. Bruner, A. Jolly & K. Sylva (Eds), Play, its role in development and in evolution (pp. 202-215). New York, NY: Penguin Books.
30. Kalverboer, A. F. (1977). Measurement of play: Clinical application. In: B. Tizard & D. Harvey (Eds), Biology of play (pp. 100-122). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
31. Kielhofner, G. & Barris, R. (1984). Collecting data on play: A critique of available methods. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 4, 151-180.
32. Knox, S. H. (1974). A play scale. In: M. Reilly (Ed.), Play as exploratory learning: Studies of curiosity behaviour (pp. 247-266). Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
33. Knox, S. (1997). Development and current use of the Knox Preschool Play Scale. In: L. D. Parham & L. S. Fazio (Eds), Play in occupational therapy for children (pp. 35-51). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
34. Lazarus, M. (1883). Die Reize Des Spiels. Berlin: Fred dummlers-Verlagsbuch-handlung.
35. Leipold, E. & Bundy, A. C. (2000). Playfulness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Research, 20, 61-79.
36. Lewis, V. & Boucher, J. (1997). The test of pretend play. Manual. London: Psychological Corporation.
37. Lieberman, J. N. (1977). Playfulness. New York, NY: Academic Press.
38. Lindquist, J, Mack. W. & Parham, L. (1982). A synthesis of occupational behaviour and sensory integration concepts in theory and practice, part 2: Clinical application. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36, 433-437.
39. Mack, W., Lindquist, J. & Parham, L. (1982). A synthesis of occupational behavior and sensory integration concepts in theory and practice: part 1. Theoretical foundations. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 36, 365-374.
40. McCune Nicolich, L. (1977). Beyond sensorimotor intelligence: Assessment of symbolic maturity through analysis of pretend play. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 23, 89-99.
41. Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
42. Mellou, E. (1994). Play theories: A contemporary review. Early Child Development and Care, 102, 91-100.
43. Michelman, S. S. (1974). Play and the deficit child. In: M. Reilly (Ed.), Play as exploratory learning. Studies of curiosity behaviour (pp. 157-207). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
44. Missiuna, C. & Pollock, N. (1991). Play deprivation in children with physical disabilities: The role of the occupational therapist in preventing secondary disability. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 882-889.
45. Morrison, C., Bundy, A. & Fisher, A. (1991). The contribution of motor skills and playfulness to the play performance of preschoolers. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 687-694.
46. Okimoto, A. M., Bundy, A. & Hanzlik, J. (2000). Playfulness in children with and without disability: Measurement and intervention. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 73-81.
47. Parham, L. D. & Primeau, L. A. (1997). Play and occupational therapy. In: L. D. Parham & L. Fazio (Eds), Play in Occupational Therapy for Children (pp. 2-21). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
48. Pellegrini, A. D. & Galda, L. (1993). Ten years after: A re-examination of symbolic play and literacy research. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 162-175.
49. Piaget, J. (1962). Play dreams and imitation in childhood. (C. Gattegno, C. Hodgson & F. M. Translators). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
50. Power, T. & Radcliffe, J. (1991). Cognitive assessment of preschool play using the symbolic play test. In: C. Schaefer, K. Gitlin & A. Sandgrund (Eds), Play Diagnosis and Assessment (pp. 87-111), New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
51. Reed, C., Dunbar, S. & Bundy, A. (2000). The effects of an inclusive preschool experience on the playfulness of children with and without autism. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 19, 73-89.
52. Reid, D. (1987). Occupational Therapists' assessment practices with handicapped children in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54, 181-187.
53. Reilly, M. (1974a). An explanation of play. In: M. Reilly (Ed.), Play as exploratory learning: Studies in curiosity behaviour (pp. 117-149). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
54. Reilly, M. (1974b). Play as exploratory learning: Studies in curiosity behaviour. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
55. deRenne-Stephan, C. (1980). Imitation: A mechanism of play behavior. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 34, 95-102.
56. Robinson, A. L. (1977). Play: The arena for acquisition of rules for competent behavior. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 31, 248-253.
57. Rodger, S. (1994). A survey of assessments used by paediatric occupational therapists. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 41, 137-142.
58. Rodger, S., Springfield, L. & Maas, F. (1993). Paediatric occupational therapy services in Queensland. Part 1: Demography. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 40, 67-75.
59. Rodger, S. & Ziviani, J. (1999). Play-based occupational therapy. International Journal of Disability, Development and education, 46, 337-365.
60. Schaefer, C., Gitlin, K. & Sandgrund, A. (Eds). Play diagnosis & assessment. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
61. Singer, J. E. (1973). The child's world of make-believe. New York: Academic Press.
62. Smith, P. K., Takhvar, M., Gore, N. & Vollsteadt, R. (1985). Play in young children: Problems of definition, categorisation and measurement. Early Child Development and Care, 19, 25-41.
63. Spencer, H. (Ed.). (1878). The principles of psychology (Vol. 2). New York, NY: A. Appleton.
64. Stagnitti, K., Rodger, S. & Clarke, J. (1997). Determining gender-neutral toys for assessment of preschool children's imaginative play. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 44, 119-131.
65. Stagnitti, K. & Unsworth, C. (2000). The importance of pretend play in child development. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63, 121-127.
66. Stagnitti, K., Unsworth, C. & Rodger, S. (2000). Development of an assessment to identify play behaviours that discriminate between the play of typical preschoolers and preschoolers with pre-academic problems. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 291-303.
67. Stewart, D., Harvey, S., Sahagian, S., Toal, C., Pollock, N. & Law, M. (1991). Play, the occupation of childhood Hamilton, Ontario: Neurodevelopmental Clinical Research Unit, The Ontario Ministry of Health.
68. Sturgess, J. (1997). Current trends in assessing children's play. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60, 410-414.
69. Sutton-Smith, B. (1967). The role of play in cognitive development. Young Children (September), 361-369.
70. Takata, N. (1974). Play as a prescription. In: M. Reilly (Ed.), Play as exploratory learning: Studies in curiosity behaviour (pp. 209-246). Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
71. Unsworth, C. (2000). Measuring the outcome of occupational therapy: Tools and resources. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 47, 147-158.
72. Van der Kooij, R. (1989). Research on children's play. Play and Culture, 2, 20-34.
73. Vygotsky, L. S. (1966). Play and its role in the mental development of the child. Voprosy Psikhologii, 12, 62-76.
74. Vygotsky, L. (1997). Thought and language. Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
75. World Health Organisation (2001). International classification of functioning. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
76. von Zuben, M. V., Crist, P. A. & Mayberry, W. (1991). A pilot study of differences in play behavior between children of low and middle socioeconomic status. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 113-119.