Dispersion and Transport of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Fecal Pats under Simulated Rainfall Events

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 1151-1159

  Davies, Cheryl M ^a   Ferguson, Christobel M ^a,b   Kaucner, Christine ^a   Krogh, Martin ^b   Altavilla, Nanda ^a   Deere, Daniel A ^b   Ashbolt, Nicholas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b Sydney Catchment Authority   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MICROORGANISMS; RAIN; RUNOFF; SOILS; VEGETATION;

ARTIFICIAL RAINFALL; OOCYTES; PATHOGENS;

MICROBIOLOGY;

DRINKING WATER; RAIN;

MICROBIOLOGY;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; FECES; NONHUMAN; OOCYST; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; SOIL ANALYSIS; STREAM (RIVER); SURFACE SOIL; VEGETATION; WATERSHED;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASES; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; FECES; OOCYSTS; RAIN; SOIL; WATER;

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; PROTOZOA;

EID: 2342514103     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.1151-1159.2004     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. American Public Health Association. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
2. Asare, S. N., R. P. Rudra, W. T. Dickinson, and A. Fenster. 2001. Soil macroporosity distribution and trends in a no-till plot using a volume computer tomography scanner. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 78:437-447.
3. Ashbolt, N. J., and D. Roser. 2003. Interpretation and management implications of event and baseflow pathogen data. In P. E. Black (ed.), Proceedings of the 2003 International Congress on Watershed Management: Watershed Management for Water Supply Systems. American Water Resources Association, Middleburg, Va.
4. Atherholt, T. B., M. W. LeChevallier, W. D. Norton, and J. S. Rosen. 1998. Effect of rainfall on Giardia and Cryptosporidium. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 90:66-80.
5. Atwill, E. R. 1996. Assessing the link between rangeland cattle and waterborne Cryptosporidium parvum infection in humans. Rangelands 18:48-51.
6. Atwill, E. R., B. Hoar, M. das Gracas Cabral Pereira, K. W. Tate, F. Rulofson, and G. Nader. 2003. Improved quantitative estimates of low environmental loading and sporadic periparturient shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in adult beef cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:4604-4610.
7. Atwill, E. R., L. Hou, B. M. Karle, T. Harter, K. W. Tate, and R. A. Dahlgren. 2002. Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts through vegetated buffer strips and estimated filtration efficiency. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:5517-5527.
8. Bradford, S. A., and J. Schijven. 2002. Release of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from dairy calf manure: impact of solution salinity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:3916-3923.
9. Brouwer, J., and R. W. Fitzpatrick. 2002. Restricting layers, flow paths, and correlation between duration of soil saturation and soil morphological features along a hillslope with an altered soil water regime in western Victoria. Aust. J. Soil Res. 40:927-946.
10. Chalmers, R. M., A. P. Sturdee, S. A. Bull, A. Miller, and S. E. Wright. 1997. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris in Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus in an agricultural system. Parasitol. Res. 83:478-482.
11. Chaubey, I., D. R. Edwards, T. C. Daniel, P. A. Moore, and D. J. Nichols. 1994. Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in retaining surface-applied swine manure constituents. Trans. ASAE 37:845-850.
12. Clough, H. E., D. Clancy, P. D. O'Neill, and N. P. French. 2003. Bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling. Prev. Vet. Med. 58:145-169.
13. Considine, R. F., D. R. Dixon, and C. J. Drummond. 2002. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and model sand surfaces in aqueous solutions: an atomic force microscope (AFM) study. Water Res. 36:3421-3428.
14. Davies, C. M., C. Kaucner, D. A. Deere, and N. J. Ashbolt. 2003. Recovery and enumeration of Cryptosporidium parvum from animal fecal matrices. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:2842-2847.
15. Drozd, C., and J. Schwartzbrod. 1996. Hydrophobic and electrostatic cell surface properties of Cryptosporidium parvum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1227-1232.
16. Fawcett, R. G., and N. Collis-George. 1967. A filter-paper method for determining the moisture characteristics of soil. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husbandry 7:162-167.
17. Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, T. K. Graczyk, and E. J. Lewis. 2000. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Eimeria infections in post-weaned and adult cattle on three Maryland farms. Vet. Parasitol. 93:103-112.
18. Ferguson, C. M., N. Altavilla, N. J. Ashbolt, and D. A. Deere. 2003. Prioritizing watershed pathogen research. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 95:92-102.
19. Ferguson, C. M., B. G. Coote, N. J. Ashbolt, and I. M. Stevenson. 1996. Relationships between indicators, pathogens and water quality in an estuarine system. Water Res. 30:2045-2054.
20. Ferguson, C. M., A. M. de Roda Husman, N. Altavilla, D. Deere, and N. Ashbolt. 2003. Fate and transport of surface water pathogens in watersheds. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:299-361.
21. Fleming, R., D. Hocking, H. Fraser, and D. Alves. 1999. Extent and magnitude of agricultural sources of Cryptosporidium in surface water. Final report project #40. Agricultural Adaptation Council, West Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
22. Gary, H. L., S. R. Johnson, and S. L. Ponce. 1983. Cattle grazing impact on surface water quality in a Colorado front range stream. J. Soil Water Conserv. 38:124-128.
23. Geering, H. R. 1995. Field soil physical measurements, p. 187-215. In P. A. Hazelton and A. J. Koppi (ed.), Applied soil science: a course of lectures. Australian Society of Soil Science Inc., Sydney, Australia.
24. Graczyk, T. K., B. M. Evans, C. J. Shiff, H. J. Karreman, and J. A. Patz. 2000. Environmental and geographical factors contributing to watershed contamination with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Environ. Res. 82:263-271.
25. Hoar, B. R., E. R. Atwill, C. Elmi, W. W. Utterback, and A. J. Edmondson. 1999. Comparison of fecal samples collected per rectum and off the ground for estimation of environmental contamination attributable to beef cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 60:1352-1356.
26. Hudson, N. W. 1993. Rainfall simulators. In Field measurement of soil erosion and runoff. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. [Online.] http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0848E/t0848e -11.htm#P1556_157119.
27. Hunter, P. R., M. Waite, and E. Ronchi. 2002. Drinking water and infectious disease: establishing the links. IWA Publishing, London, United Kingdom.
28. Jellison, K. L., H. F. Hemond, and D. B. Schauer. 2002. Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:569-575.
29. Kistemann, T., T. Clapen, C. Koch, F. Dangendorf, R. Fischeder, J. Gebel, V. Vacata, and M. Exner. 2002. Microbial load of drinking water reservoir tributaries during extreme rainfall and runoff. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2188-2197.
30. Kress, M., and G. F. Gifford. 1984. Fecal coliform release from cattle fecal deposits. Water Resources Bull. 20:61-66.
31. Laegdsmand, M., K. G. Villholth, M. Ullum, and K. H. Jensen. 1999. Processes of colloid mobilization and transport in macroporous soil monoliths. Geoderma 93:33-59.
32. Larsen, R. E., J. C. Miner, J. C. Buckhouse, and J. A. Moore. 1994. Waterquality benefits of having cattle manure deposited away from streams. Bioresource Technol. 48:113-118.
33. LeChevallier, M. W., and R. H. Moser. 1995. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and finished drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87:54-68.
34. Loch, R. J., B. G. Robotham, L. Zeller, N. Masterman, D. N. Orange, B. J. Bridge, G. Sheridan, and J. J. Bourke. 2001. A multi-purpose rainfall simulator for field infiltration and erosion studies. Aust. J. Soil Res. 39:599-610.
35. Mawdsley, J. L., A. E. Brooks, and R. J. Merry. 1996. Movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum through three contrasting soil types. Biol. Fert. Soils 21:30-36.
36. Mawdsley, J. L., A. E. Brooks, R. J. Merry, and B. F. Pain. 1996. Use of a novel soil tilting table apparatus to demonstrate the horizontal and vertical movement of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum in soil. Biol. Fert. Soils 23:215-220.
37. McGechan, M. B. 2002. Transport of particulate and colloid-sorbed contaminants through soil. Part 2. Trapping processes and soil pore geometry. Biosystems Eng. 83:387-395.
38. McMurry, S. W., M. S. Coyne, and E. Perfect. 1998. Fecal coliform transport through intact soil blocks amended with poultry manure. J. Environ. Qual. 27:86-92.
39. Medema, G. J., H. A. M. Ketelaars, W. Hoogenboezem, G. B. J. Rijs, and J. F. Schijven. 2001. Cryptosporidium and Giardia: occurrence in sewage, manure and surface water. Association of River Waterworks (RIWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
40. Power, M. L., S. R. Shanker, N. C. Sangster, and D. A. Veal. 2003. Evaluation of a combined immunomagnetic separation/flow cytometry technique for epidemiological investigations of Cryptosporidium in domestic and Australian native animals. Vet. Parasitol. 112:21-31.
41. Prosser, I., and L. Karssies. 2001. Designing filter strips to trap sediment and attached nutrient. Riparian land management technical guideline, update 1. Land and Water Australia, Canberra, Australia.
42. Rose, J. B., D. E. Huffman, K. Riley, S. M. Farrah, J. O. Lukasik, and C. L. Hamann. 2002. Reduction of enteric microorganisms at the upper occoquan sewage authority water reclamation plant. Water Environ. Res. 73:711-720.
43. Simmons, O. D., M. D. Sobsey, C. D. Heaney, F. W. Schaefer, and D. S. Francy. 2001. Concentration and detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in surface water samples by method 1622 using ultrafiltration and capsule filtration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1123-1127.
44. Smith, H. V., A. M. Grimason, C. Benton, and J. F. W. Parker. 1991. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in Scottish waters, and the development of a fluorogenic viability assay for individual Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Water Sci. Technol. 24:169-172.
45. Smith, M. S., G. W. Thomas, R. E. White, and D. Ritonga. 1985. Transport of Escherichia coli through intact and disturbed soil columns. J. Environ. Qual. 14:87-91.
46. Tate, K. W., E. R. Atwill, M. R. George, M. K. McDougald, and R. E. Larsen. 2000. Cryptosporidium parvum transport from cattle fecal deposits on California rangelands. J. Range Management 53:295-299.
47. Thelin, R., and G. F. Gifford. 1983. Fecal coliform release patterns from fecal material of cattle. J. Environ. Qual. 12:57-63.
48. Tyrrel, S. F., and J. N. Quinton. 2003. Overland flow transport of pathogens from agricultural land receiving faecal wastes. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94:87S-93S.
49. Upton, S. J. 1997. In vitro cultivation, p. 181-207. In R. Fayer (ed.), Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Washington, D.C.
50. Xiao, L., A. Singh, J. Limor, T. K. Graczyk, S. Gradus, and A. Lal. 2001. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1097-1101.
51. Xiao, L. H., K. Alderisio, J. Limor, M. Royer, and A. A. Lal. 2000. Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5492-5498.