The use of full-field measurement methods in composite material characterization: Interest and limitations

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

Volumn 35, Issue 7-8, 2004, Pages 751-761

  Grédiac, Michel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT AUVERGNE   (France)

Author keywords

B. Mechanical properties; D. Mechanical testing; D. Physical methods of analysis; Identification

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; BORING; CAMERAS; INFRARED IMAGING; INTERFEROMETRY; MECHANICAL TESTING; PHOTOINTERPRETATION; SPECKLE; STRUCTURE (COMPOSITION); SURFACE PHENOMENA;

BRAIDED COMPOSITES; FRINGE PATTERN; IDENTIFICATION; PHYSICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS;

COMPOSITE MATERIALS;

EID: 2342509564     PISSN: 1359835X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.01.019     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (136)

1. Zak G., Park C.B., Benhabib B. Estimation of the three-dimensional fibre orientation distribution in short fibre composites by a two section method. J Compos Mater. 35:(4):2001;316-339. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc.
2. Lian B., Jiang L., McGrath J.J., Jaranson J. Quantitative determination of morphological features of triaxially braided composites by the use of machine vision. Compos Sci Technol. 60:2000;159-166. Elsevier.
3. Ammouche A., Riss J., Breysse D., Marchand J. Image analysis for the automated study of microcracks in concrete. Cement Concrete Compos. 23:2001;267-278.
4. Kobayashi A. Handbook on experimental mechanics. 1999;Society for Experimental Mechanics, VCH publishers, Inc. Weinheim.
5. Dainty J.C. Laser speckle and related phenomenon. 1984;Springer, Berlin.
6. Leendertz J.A. Interferometric displacement measurement on scattering surfaces utilizing speckle effect. J Phys E. 3:1970;214-218.
7. Theocaris P.S. Moiré fringes in strain analysis. 1969;Pergamon press, Elmsford.
8. High sensitivity moiré: experimental analysis for mechanics and materials. 1994;Springer, Berlin.
9. Kreis T. Holographic interferometry: principles and methods. 1996;Wiley-VCH, Berlin.
10. Sutton M.A., Wolters W.J., Perters W.H., Ranson W.F., McNeill S.R. Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method. Image Vis Comput. 1:(3):1983;133-139.
11. Sirkis J.S. System response to automated grid method. Opt Engng. 29:(12):1990;1485-1493.
12. Surrel Y. Moiré and grid methods: a signal-processing approach. Pryputniewicz R.J., Stupnicki J. Interferometry '94: Photomechanics. 1994;213-220 Springer, Berlin.
13. Templeton D.W. Computerization of carrier fringe data acquisition, reduction and display. Exp Tech. 11:(11):1987;26-30. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
14. Bulhak J., Surrel Y. Grating shearography. In: Interferometry '99: Techniques and Technologies, 20-23 September, Pultusk, Poland. vol. SPIE 3744:1999;. p. 506-15.
15. Rastogi P.K. Speckle shearing photography: a tool for direct measurement of surface strains. Appl Opt. 37:1998;1292-1298. Optical Society of America.
16. Wasowski J.J., Wasowski L.M. Computer-based optical differentiation of fringe patterns. Exp Tech. 11:(3):1987;16-18. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
17. Surrel Y. Optique C1. www.cnam.fr/instrumesure, autres ressources téléchargeables, Optique C1.
18. Bakis C.E., Reifsnider K.L. Nondestructive evaluation of fiber composite laminates by thermoelastic emission. Thompson D.O., Chimenti D.E. Review of progress in quantitative NDE plenum. 1987;1109-1116.
19. Heller M., Dunn S., Williams J.F., Jones R. Thermoanalysis of composite specimens. Compos Struct. 11:1988;309-324.
20. Rauch B.J., Rowlands R.E. Thermoelastic stress analysis. Kobayashi A. Handbook on experimental mechanics. 1993;581-599 Society for Experimental Mechanics, VCH publishers, Inc. Weinheim.
21. Joenathan C. Speckle photography, shearography and ESPI. Rastogi P.K. Optical measurement techniques and applications. vol. 6:1997;151-182 Artech House, Inc. Boston. Chapter 6.
22. Sihori R.S. Speckle metrology. 1993;Marcel Dekker, New York.
23. Sihori R.S. Selected papers on speckle metrology. 1991;SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Washington, DC.
24. Gasvik K.H. Optical metrology. 1987;Wiley, New York.
25. Chiang F.P., Asundi A. White light speckle method of experimental strain analysis. Appl Opt. 18:1979;409-411. Optical Society of America.
26. Chu T.C., Ranson W.F., Sutton M.A., Petters W.H. Application of digital image correlation techniques to experimental mechanics. Exp Mech. 3:1985;232-244. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
27. Sutton M.A., McNeill S.R., Helm J., Chao Y.J. Advances in two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer vision. Rastogi P.K. Photomechanics, topics applied physic 77. 2000;323-372 Springer, Berlin.
28. Parks V.J. Strain measurement using grids. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;633-639.
29. Dantu M. Recherches diverses d'extensométrie et de détermination des contraintes. Conférence GAMAC. 1954.
30. Burch J.M., Forno C. High resolution moiré photography. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;604-614.
31. Boone P.M., Vinckier A.G., Denys R.M., Sys W.M., Deleu E.N. Application of specimen-grid moiré techniques in large scale steel testing. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;615-625.
32. Pirodda L. Shadow and projection moiré techniques for absolute or relative mapping of surface shapes. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;640-649.
33. Ritter R. Reflection moiré methods for plate bending studies. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;663-671.
34. Asundi A., Cheung M.T., Lee C.S. Moiré interferometry for simultaneous measurement of u,v,w . Exp Mech. 29:1989;258-260. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
35. Jones R., Wykes C. Holographic and speckle interferometry. 2000;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
36. Robinson D.W., Reid G.T. Interferomgram analysis: digital fringe pattern measurement techniques. 2001;IOP Publications Ltd, Philadelphia, PA.
37. Krishnaswamy S. Techniques for non-birefringent objects: coherent shearing interferometry and caustics. Rastogi P.K. Photomechanics, topics applied physic 77. 2000;295-321 Springer, Berlin.
38. Ronchi V. Forty years of history of a grating interferometer. Appl Opt. 3:1964;437. Optical Society of America.
39. Wyant J.C. Double frequency grating lateral shear interferometer. Appl Opt. 12:1973;2057. Optical Society of America.
40. Patorski K. Talbot interferometry with increased shear. Appl Opt. 24:1985;4448. Optical Society of America.
41. Tippur H.V., Krishnaswamy S., Rosakis A.J. Optical mapping of crack tip deformations using the methods of transmission and reflection coherent gradient sensing: a study of crack tip K-dominance. Int J Fract. 52:1991;91. Kluwer Academic Publisher.
42. Lee H.S., Krishnaswamy S. A compact polariscope and shearing interferometer for mapping stress fields in bimaterial systems. Exp Mech. 36:1996;404. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
43. Ligtenberg F.K. The moiré method. In: Proceedings of SESA. vol. 12:1954;. p. 83-98.
44. Timoshenko S., Woinowsky-Krieger S. Theory of plates and shells. 1958;McGraw-Hill, New York.
45. Kao T.Y., Chiang F.P. Family of grating techniques of slope and curvature measurements for static and dynamic flexure of plates. Opt Engng. 21:(4):1982;720-742.
46. Surrel Y. Some metrological issues in optical full field techniques. In: Proceedings of Interferometry XI: Techniques and Analysis. CDROM. vol. SPIE 4777:2002.
47. Picard P. Evaluation of phase shifting speckle interferometry accuracy. Jacquot P., Fournier J.M. Interferometry in speckle light. 2000;431-438 Springer, Berlin.
48. Novak J. Error analysis of three-frame algorithms for evaluation of deformations. Jacquot P., Fournier J.M. Interferometry in speckle light. 2000;439-444 Springer, Berlin.
49. www.shef.ac.uk/mecheng/mechsol/exptmech/twa26 .
50. Sutton MA. Standard guide for evaluating non-contacting optical strain measurement systems. Revised draft available at wwwshefacuk/mecheng/mechsol/ exptmech/twa26 ; 2001.
51. Schreier H.W., Sutton M.A. Systematic errors in digital image correlation due to undermatched subset shape functions. Exp Mech. 42:(3):2002;303-310. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
52. Moritomo Y. Digital image processing. Kobayashi A. Handbook on experimental mechanics. 1993;969-1029 Society for Experimental Mechanics, VCH publishers, Inc. Weinheim.
53. Kreis T. Computer-aided evaluation of holographic interferograms. Rastogi P.K. Holographic interferometry. 1994;Spinger, Berlin.
54. Experimental Mechanics, vol. 41. Society for Experimental Mechanics; 2001.
55. Waldner S., Kress G. Nondestructive testing of composite materials with electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Rastogi P., Inaudi D. Trends in optical non-destructive testing and inspection. 2000;257-271 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
56. Waldner S. Removing the image-doubling in shearography theory and application. In: Proceedings of SPIE 944. 1996;. p. 247-55.
57. Hertwig M. Macroscopic and microscopic surface topographies evaluated by improved speckle contouring methods. In Proceedings of SPIE 3098. 1997;. p. 90-105.
58. Anastasi R.F., Serabian S.M., Shuford R.J., Das-Gupta D.K. Nondestructive detection of simulated delamination in composite laminates by laser-speckle shearography. Exp Tech. 11:(6):1987;28-31. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
59. Shang H.M., Toh S.L., Chau F.S., Shim V.P.M., Tay C.J. Location and sizing disbonds in glassfiber-reinforced plastic plates using shearography. J Engng Mater Technol. 11:(113):1991;99-103.
60. Newman J.W. Production and field inspection of composite aerospace structures with advanced shearography. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International SAMPE Technical Conference on Advanced Materials. 1995;. p. 1243-9.
61. Ettermeyer A., Honlet M. Nondestructive testing with TV-holography and shearography. In: VDI Berichte Nr 1118, IMECO Symposium: Laser Metrology for Precision Measurement and Inspection in Industry. 1994;. p. 33-8.
62. Ettermeyer A., Wang Z., Walz T. Application of 3D speckle interferometry to material and component testing. In: Proceedings of SPIE 1997. 1997;. p. 188-94.
63. Walz T., Ettermeyer A. Automatic shearography system for helicopter rotor blades. In: Proceedings of SPIE 3397. 1998;. p. 187-92.
64. Quaresimin M., Guglielmino E. Static notch sensitivity of GFRP composites. In: Proceedings of Experimental Techniques and Design in Composite Materials 5, September 2000, Cagliari. 2000.
65. Dattoma V., Marcuccio R., Pappalettere C., Smith G.M. Thermographic investigation of sandwich structure made of composite materials. NDTE Int. 34:2001;515-520. Elsevier.
66. Favro L.D., Xiaoyan H., Thomas R.L. Quantitative thermal wave measurements of defects in composite aircrafts structures. In: Proceedings of the 44th International SAMPE Symposium Exhibition, Long Beach, California, USA. 1999.
67. Vickstrom M., Backlund J., Olsson K.A. Non-destructive testing of sandwich construction using thermography. Compos Struct. 13:1989;49-65. Elsevier.
68. Vickstrom M. Thermography: a fast and reliable method for detecting flaws in foam-cores sandwich structures. Infrared Observer. 5569:1989;15-28.
69. Luong M.P. Fatigue limit evaluation of metals using an infrared thermographic technique. Mech Mater. 28:1998;155-163. Elsevier.
70. Gudlielmino E., Gudlielmino I.D., La Rosa G., Pasta A. Analysis of laminate composite under cyclic testing using thermal infrared imagery. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Material Engineering, 1996, Galipoli-Leece, Italy. 1996;. p. 899-906.
71. La Rosa G., Risitano A. Analysis of a multiaxial test on a C/C composite by using digital image correlation and a damage model. Int J Fatigue. 22:2000;65-73. Elsevier.
72. Quaresmin M. Fatigue of woven composite laminates under tensile and compressive loading. In: Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Composite Materials (CDROM), ECCM10, Brugge, Belgium. 1999.
73. Method of flexure tests of flat sandwich structures. 1999;American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
74. Shear test in flatwise plane of flat sandwich construction or sandwich cores. 2000;American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
75. Shuaeib F.M., Soden P.D. Indentation failure of composite sandwich beams. Compos Sci Technol. 57:(9):1997;1249-1259. Elsevier.
76. O'Connor D.J. A comparison of test methods for shear properties of the cores of sandwich construction. J Test Eval. 17:(4):1989;241-246. American Society for Testing and Materials.
77. O'Connor D.J. An evaluation of test methods for shear modulus of sandwich cores. The Int J Cement Compos Lightweight Concrete. 6:(1):1984;3-12.
78. Grédiac M., Dufort L. Experimental evidence of parasitic effects in the rail shear test on sandwich beams. Exp Mech. 42:(2):2002;186-193. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
79. Surrel Y. Fringe analysis. Rastogi P.K. Photomechanics, topics applied physic 77. 2000;55-99 Springer, Berlin.
80. Pierron F., Alloba E., Surrel Y., Vautrin A. Whole-field assessment of the effects of boundary conditions on the strain field in off-axis tensile testing of unidirectional composites. Compos Sci Technol. 58:(12):1998;1939- 1947.
81. Sun C.T., Chung I. An oblique end-tab design for testing off-axis composite specimens. Composites. 24:1993;619-623. Elsevier.
82. Launay J., Lahmar F., Boisse P., Vacher P. Strain measurement in tests on fibre fabric by image correlation method. Adv Compos Lett. 11:(1):2002;7-12. Adcotec Ltd.
83. Post D, Czarnek R, Joh D, Wood JD. Deformation measurements of composite multi-span beam shear specimens by moiré interferometry. Technical Report, NASA Contractor Report; 1984.
84. Guo Y., Post D., Han B. Thick composites in compression: an experimental study of micromechanical behavior and smeared engineering properties. J Compos Mater. 26:1992;1930-1992. Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
85. Mollenhauer DH. Interlaminar deformation at a hole in laminated composites: a detailed experimental investigation using moiré interferometry. PhD Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1997.
86. Mollenhauer D., Reifsnider K. Measurements of interlaminar deformation along the cylindrical surface of a hole in laminated composite materials by moiré interferometry. Compos Sci Technol. 60:2000;2375-2388. Elsevier.
87. Boeman RG. Interlaminar deformation on the cylindrical surface of a hole in laminated composites: an experimental study. Report 91-07. Technical Report, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1991.
88. Xing Y.M., Yun H., Dai F.L. An experimental study of failure mechanisms in laminates with dropped plies. Compos Sci Technol. 59:1999;1527-1531. Elsevier.
89. Vautrin A., Lee J.R., Molimard J., Surrel Y. Full-field optical techniques: applications to strain measurement and mechanical identification. In: Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Composite Materials (CDROM), ECCM10, Brugge, Belgium. 2002.
90. Nishiyabu K., Uetsuji Y., Masaru Z., Prodromou A., Huysmans G., Verpoest I. Strain fields on plain woven fabric composites under an axis tensile load: comparison of experimental and numerical results. In: Proceedings of ECCM9, Brighton (CDROM). 2000.
91. Avril S, Vautrin A, Ferrier E, Hamelin P, Surrel Y. Experimental analysis of reinforced-concrete beams repaired with CFRP sheets. Compos Part A.
92. Muller M, Toussaint E, Grédiac M. Bridging cracks with composite materials in concrete structures: experimental study and modeling. Compos Part A.
93. Destrebecq JF, Toussaint E, Grédiac M. A refined study of the crack propagation in cement-based composite beams under bending. Cement Concrete Compos. Submitted for publication; 2003.
94. Tsai S.W., Hahn H.T. Introduction Compos Mater. 1980;. Technomic.
95. Reddy J.N. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite shells. J Appl Mech. 51:(3):1984;745-752. Transaction of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
96. Reddy J.N., Liu C.F. A higher-theory shear deformation theory of laminated elastic shells. Int J Solids Struct. 23:(3):1985;319-330. Elsevier.
97. Touratier M. An efficient standard plate theory. Int J Engng Sci. 29:(8):1991;901-916. Elsevier.
98. Touratier M. A refined theory of laminated shallow shells. Int J Solids Struct. 29:(11):1992;1401-1415. Elsevier.
99. Dufort L., Drapier S., Grédiac M. Closed-form solution for the cross-section warping in short beams under three point bending. Compos Struct. 52:2001;233-246. Elsevier.
100. Dufort L., Grédiac M., Surrel Y. Experimental evidence of the cross-section warping in short composite beams under three point bending. Compos Struct. 51:2001;37-47. Elsevier.
101. Bosia F., Facchini M., Gmur T., Botsis J. Experimental analysis of composite laminates subjected to bending. In: Proceedings of the International Conference Interferometry in Speckle Light, 25-28 September 2000, Lausanne, Switzerland. 2000;. p. 355-62.
102. Papila M., Akun M.A., Niu X., Ifju P. Post-buckling of composite I-sections. Part 1. Theory. J Compos Mater. 35:(9):1999;774-796. Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
103. Papila M., Akun M.A., Niu X., Ifju P. Post-buckling of composite I-sections. Part 2. Experimental validation. J Compos Mater. 35:(9):1999;797-821. Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
104. Liu D., Shakour E. Joining forces in assembled composite beams. J Compos Mater. 35:(22):1999;1985-2008. Technomic Publishing Company, Inc.
105. Perié J.N., Calloch S., Cluzel C., Hild F. Analysis of a multiaxial test on a C/C composite by using digital image correlation and a damage model. Exp Mech. 42:(3):2002;318-328. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
106. Hodgkinson J.M. Mechanical testing of advanced fibre composites. 2000;Woodhead Publishing Limited.
107. Hendricks MAN. Identification of the mechanical properties of solid materials. Doctoral Dissertation, Eindhoven University of Technology; 1991.
108. Foudjet A. Méthodes de caractérisation de matériaux anisotropes. Application au bois. Doctoral Dissertation, INSA Lyon; 1980.
109. Meuwissen MHH. An inverse method for the mechanical characterization of metals. Doctoral Dissertation, Eindhoven University of Technology; 1998.
110. Meuwissen M.H.H., Oomens C.W.J., Baaijens F.P.T., Petterson R., Janssen J.D. Determination of the elasto-plastic properties of aluminium using a mixed numerical-experimental method. J Mater Process Technol. 75:1998;204-211.
111. Allix O., Vidal P. A new multi-solution approach suitable for structural identification problems. Comput Meth Appl Mech Engng. 191:2002;2727-2758. Elsevier.
112. Boucard P.A., Ladeveze P., Poss M., Rougee P. A non-incremental approach for large displacement problems. Comput Struct. 64:(1-4):1997;499-508. Elsevier.
113. Champaney L., Cognard J.Y., Dureissex D., Ladeveze P. Large scale applications on parallel computers of a mixed domain decomposition method. Comput Mech. 19:(4):1997;253-263. Springer.
114. LeMagorou L., Bos F., Rouger F. Identification of constitutive laws for wood-based panels by means of an inverse method. Compos Sci Technol. 62:(4):2002;591-596. Elsevier.
115. Bonnet M, Bui HD, Constantinescu A. Principes variationnels et exploitation de mesures de champs en élasticité/variational principles and exploitation of field measurements in elasticity. Mécanique et Industries 2003;4:687-97.
116. Grédiac M. Principe des travaux virtuels et identification/ principle of virtual work and identification. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. II:(309):1989;1-5. Gauthier-Villars, in French with Abridged English Version.
117. Grédiac M. Mesure des rigidités de flexion de stratifiés minces anisotropes à l'aide d'essais sur plaques. Doctoral Dissertation, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne/Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I; 1989.
118. Grédiac M., Vautrin A. A new method for determination of bending rigidities of thin anisotropic plates. J Appl Mech. 57:1990;964-968. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
119. Gauthier-Villars M., Vautrin A. Mechanical characterization of anisotropic plates: experiments and results. Eur J Mech/A Solids. 12:(6):1993;819-838. Gauthier-Villars.
120. Grédiac M. Dossier de travaux d'habilitation a diriger des recherches. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne/ Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne; 1993.
121. Grédiac M., Pierron F., Vautrin A. The Iosipescu in-plane shear test: a new approach based on displacement field processing. Compos Sci Technol. 51:1995;409-417. Elsevier.
122. Grédiac M. On the direct determination of invariant parameters governing the bending of anisotropic plates. Int J Solids Struct. 33:(27):1996;3969-3982. Elsevier.
123. Grédiac M. The use of heterogeneous strain fields for the characterization of composite materials. Compos Sci Technol. 56:1996;841-846. Elsevier.
124. Grédiac M., Paris P.-A. Direct identification of elastic constants of anisotropic plates by modal analysis: theoretical and numerical aspects. J Sound Vib. 195:(3):1996;401-415. Academic Press.
125. Grédiac M., Pierron F. A T-shaped specimen for the direct characterization of orthotropic materials. Int J Numer Meth Engng. 41:1998;293-309. Wiley.
126. Grédiac M., Fournier N., Paris P.-A., Surrel Y. Direct identification of elastic constants of anisotropic plates by modal analysis: experiments and results. J Sound Vib. 210:(5):1998;645-659. Academic Press.
127. Grédiac M., Pierron F., Surrel Y. Novel procedure for complete in-plane composite characterization using a T-shaped specimen. Exp Mech. 39:(2):1999;142-149. Society for Experimental Mechanics.
128. Grédiac M., Fournier N., Paris P.-A., Surrel Y. Direct measurement of invariant parameters of composite plates. J Compos Mater. 33:(20):1999;1939-1965. Technomic.
129. Pierron F., Grédiac M. Identification of the through-thickness moduli of thick composites from whole-field measurements using the Iosipescu fixture: theory and simulations. Compos: Part A. 31:(4):2000;309-318. Elsevier.
130. Pierron F., Zhavaronok S., Grédiac M. Identification of the through-thickness properties of thick laminates using the virtual fields method. Int J Solids Struct. 37:(32):2000;4437-4453. Elsevier.
131. Grédiac M., Auslender F., Pierron F. Applying the virtual fields method to determine the through-thickness moduli of thick composites with a nonlinear shear response. Compos: Part A. 32:(12):2001;1713-1725. Elsevier.
132. Grédiac M., Toussaint E., Pierron F. Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 1. Principle and definition. Int J Solids Struct. 39:2002;2691-2705. Elsevier.
133. Grédiac M., Toussaint E., Pierron F. Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 2. Application to in-plane properties. Int J Solids Struct. 39:2002;2707-2730. Elsevier.
134. Grédiac M, Pierron F. Numerical issues in the virtual fields method. Int J Numer Meth Engng; 2001. John Wiley and Sons, 2004;59:1287-312.
135. Grédiac M., Toussaint E., Pierron F. Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 3. Application to the bending rigidities of anisotropic plates. Int J Solids Struct. 40:2003;2401-2419.
136. Giraudeau A, Pierron F. Simultaneous identification of stiffness and damping properties of isotropic materials from forced vibrating plates. Comptes-Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences; 2003. Elsevier. 2003;331:259-264.