Magnetospheric processes leading to precipitation

Space Science Reviews

Volumn 80, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 109-132

  Lyons, L R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b AEROSPACE CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2342474640     PISSN: 00386308     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0045-5_5     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Ashour-Abdalla, M., Berchem, J. P., Büchner, J., and Zelenyi, L. M.: 1993, 'Shaping of the magnetotail from the mantle: Global and local structuring,' J. Geophys. Res. 98, 5651.
2. Belmont, G., Fontaine, D., and Canu, P.: 1983, 'Are equatorial electron cyclotron waves responsible for diffuse auroral electron precipitation?, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 9163.
3. Blake, J. B., Looper, M. P., Baker, D. N., Nakanura, R., Klecker, B., and Hovestadt, D.: 1996, 'New High temporal and spatial resolution measurements of the precipitation of relativistic electrons,' Adv. Space. Res. 18, (8) 171.
4. Büchner, J. and Zelenyi, L. M.: 1989, 'Regular and chaotic charged particle motion in magnetotail-like field reversals 1. Basic theory of trapped motion,' J. Geophys. Res. 94, 11,821.
5. Burch , J. L.: 1968, 'Low-energy electron fluxes above the auroral zone,' J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3585.
6. Chen, M. W., Lyons, L. R., and Schulz, M.: 1994, 'Simulation of phase space distributions of storm time proton ring current,' J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5745.
7. Cornwall, J. M.: 1972, 'Radial diffusion of ionized helium and protons: A probe for magnetospheric dynamics,' J. Geophys. Res. 77, 1756.
8. Cornwall, J. M., Coroniti, F. V., and Thorne, R. M.: 1970, 'Turbulent loss of ring current protons,' J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4699.
9. Cowley, S. W. H.: 1980, 'Plasma populations in a simple open model magnetosphere,' Space Science Reviews 26, 217.
10. Eather, R. H.: 1969, 'Latitudinal distribution of auroral and airglow emissions: The 'soft' zone,' J. Geophys. Res. 74, 153.
11. Eather, R. H. and Mende, S. B.: 1972, in K. Folkestad, (ed.), 'High latitude particle precipitation and source regions in the magnetosphere,' Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interactions, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 139.
12. Feldstein, Y. I., and Galperin, Y. I.: 1985, 'The auroral luminosity structure in the high-latitude upper atmosphere: Its dynamics and relationship to the large-scale structure of the Earth's magnetosphere,' Rev. Geophys. 23, 217.
13. Fennell, J. F., Mizera, P. F., and Croley, D. R.: 1975, 'Low energy polar cap electrons during quiet times,' Proc. Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 14, MG8-3, 1267.
14. Fok, M.-C., Kozyra, J. U., Nagy, A. F., and Cravens, T. E.: 1991, 'Lifetime of ring current particles due to Coulomb collisions in the plasmasphere,' J. Geophys. Res. 96, 7861.
15. Fok, M.-C., Kozyra, J. U., Nagy, A. F., Rasmussen, C. E., and Khavanov, G. C.: 1993, 'Decay of equatorial ring current ions and associated aeronomical consequences,' J. Geophys. Res. 98, 19,381.
16. Fritz, T. A.: 1968, 'High-latitude outer-zone boundary region for > 40-keV electrons during geomagnetically quiet periods,' J. Geophys. Res. 73, 7245.
17. Fritz, T. A.: 1970, 'Study of the high-latitude, outer-zone boundary region for > 40-keV electrons with satellite Injun 3,' J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5387.
18. Galperin, Y. I., and Feldstein, Y. I.: 1991, in C.-I. Meng, M. J. Rycroft, and L. A. Frank, (eds.), 'Auroral luminosity and its relationship to magnetospheric plasma domains,' Auroral Physics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 207-222.
19. Hardy, D. A., Burke, W. J., and Gussenhoven, M. S.: 1982, 'DMSP optical and electron measurements in the vicinity of polar cap arcs,' J. Geophys. Res. 87, 2413.
20. Hovestadt, D., Häusler, B., and Scholer, M.: 1972, 'Observations of energetic particles at very low altitude near the geomagnetic equator,' Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 134.
21. Hultqvist, B.: 1959, 'On the interpretation of ionization in the lower ionosphere occurring on both day and nightside of the earth within a few hours after some solar flares,' Tellus 11, 332.
22. Hultqvist, B., Aparicio, B., Borg, H., Arnoldy, R., and Moore, T. E.: 1981, 'Decrease of keV electron and ion fluxes in the dayside magnetosphere during the early phase of magnetospheric disturbances,' Planet. Space Sci. 29, 107.
23. Jordanova, V. K., Kozyra, J. U., and Nagy, A. F.: 1996, 'Effects of heavy ions on the quasi-linear diffusion coefficients from resonant interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves,' J. Geophys. Res. 101, 19,771.
24. Kennel, C. F., Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., McGehee, J. H., and Coroniti, F. V.: 1970, 'VLF electric field observations in the magnetosphere,' J. Geophys. Res. 75, 6136.
25. Levasseur, A. C. and Blamont, J. E.: 1973, 'Satellite observations of strong Balmer alpha atmospheric emissions around the magnetic equator,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3881.
26. Lyons, L. R.: 1974, 'Electron diffusion driven by magnetospheric electrostatic waves,' J. Geophys. Res. 79, 575.
27. Lyons, L. R.: 1984, 'Electron energization in the geomagnetic tail current sheet,' J. Geophys. Res. 89, 5479.
28. Lyons, L. R.: 1992, 'Formation of auroral arcs via magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling,' Rev. Geophys. 30, 93.
29. Lyons, L. R. and Evans, D. S.: 1984, 'An association between discrete aurora and energetic particle boundaries,' J. Geophys. Res. 89, 2395.
30. Lyons, L. R. and Richmond, A. D.: 1978, 'Low-latitude E region ionization by energetic ring current particles,' J. Geophys. Res. 83, 2201.
31. Lyons, L. R. and Thorne, R. M.: 1973, 'Equilibrium structure of radiation belt electrons,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 2142.
32. Lyons, L. R. and Speiser, T. W.: 1982, 'Evidence for current-sheet acceleration in the geomagnetic tail,' J. Geophys. Res. 87, 2276.
33. Lyons, L. R. and Williams, D. J.: 1975a, 'The quiet time structure of energetic (35-560 keV) radiation belt electrons,' J. Geophys. Res. 80, 943.
34. Lyons, L. R. and Williams, D. J.: 1975b, 'The storm and post-storm evolution of energetic (35-560 keV) radiation belt electrons,' J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3985.
35. Lyons, L. R. and Williams, D. J.: 1984, Quantitative Aspects of Magnetospheric Physics, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht-Holland.
36. Lyons, L. R., Schulz, M., Pridmore-Brown, D. C., and Roeder, J. L.: 1994, 'The low-latitude boundary layer near noon: An open-field line model,' J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17,367.
37. Lyons, L. R., Lu, G., de la Beaujardière, O., and Rich, F. J.: 1996, 'Synoptic Maps of Polar Caps for Stable IMF Intervals during January 1992 GEM Campaign,' J. Geophys. Res. (in press).
38. Mizera, P. F. and Blake, J. B.: 1973, 'Observations of ring current protons at low altitudes,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1058.
39. Moritz, J.: 1972, 'Energetic protons at low equatorial altitudes: A newly discovered radiation belt phenomena and its explanation,' J. Geophys. 38, 701.
40. Nakada, N. P. and Mead, G. D.: 1965, 'Diffusion of protons on the outer radiation belt,' J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4777.
41. Newell, P. T. and Meng, C.-I.: 1988, 'The cusp and the cleft/boundary layer: low-altitude identification and statistical local time variation,' J. Geophys. Res. 93, 14,549.
42. Newell, P. T. and Meng, C.-L: 1992, 'Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle precipitation characteristics,' Geophys. Res. Lett. 19, 609.
43. Newell, P. T. and Meng, C.-I.: 1994, 'Comment on "Unexpected features of the ion precipitation in the so-called cleft/low-latitude boundary layer region: Association with sunward convection and occurrence on open field lines" by A. Nishida, T. Mukai, H. Hayakawa, A. Matsuoka, K. Tsuruda, N. Kaya, and H. Fukunishi,' J. Geophys. Res. 99, 19,609.
44. Newell, P. T., Burke, W. J., Sanchez, E. R., Meng, C.-I., Greenspan, M. E., and Clauer, C. R.: 1991, 'The low-latitude boundary layer and the boundary plasma sheet at low-altitude: Prenoon precipitation regions and convection reversal boundaries,' J. Geophys. Res. 96, 21,013.
45. Nishida, A. and Mukai, T.: 1994, 'Reply to Comment on "Unexpected features of the ion precipitation in the so-called cleft/low-latitude boundary layer region: Association with sunward convection and occurrence on open field lines" by A. Nishida et al.,' J. Geophys. Res. 99, 23,367.
46. Nishida, A., Mukai, T., Hayakawa, H., Matsuoka, A., Tsuruda, K., Kaya, N., and Fukunishi, H.: 1993, 'Unexpected features of the ion precipitation in the so-called cleft/low-latitude boundary layer region: Association with sunward convection and occurrence on open field lines,' J. Geophys. Res. 98, 11,161.
47. O'Brien, B. J.: 1964, 'High-latitude geophysical studies with Injun 3, 3, Precipitation of electrons into the atmosphere,' J. Geophys. Res. 69, 13.
48. Reid, G. C. and Leinbach, II.: 1959, 'Low-energy cosmic-ray events associated with solar flares,' J. Geophys. Res. 64, 1801.
49. Reid, G. C. and Sauer, H,: 1967, 'Evidence for non-uniformity of solar proton precipitation over the polar caps,' J. Geophys. Res. 72, 4383.
50. Reiff, P. H., Hill, T. W., and Burch, J. L.: 1977, 'Solar wind plasma injection at the dayside magnetospheric cusp,' J. Geophys. Res. 82, 479.
51. Rich, F. J., Hardy, D. A., Redus, R. H., and Gussenhoven, M. S.: 1990, 'Northward IMF and patterns of high-latitude precipitation and field-aligned currents: The February 1986 storm,' J. Geophys. Res. 95, 7893.
52. Richmond, A. D.: 1992, 'Assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics,' Adv. Space Res. 6, 59.
53. Roeder, J. L. and Koons, H. C.: 1989, 'A survey of electron cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere and the diffuse auroral electron precipitation,' J. Geophys. Res. 94, 2529.
54. Rosenbauer, H., Grünwaldt, H., Montgomery, M. D., Paschmann, G., and Sckopke, N.: 1975, 'Heos 2 plasma observations in the distant polar magnetosphere: The plasma mantle,' J. Geophys. Res. 80, 2723.
55. Scarf, F. L., Fredricks, R. W., Kennel, C. F., and Coroniti, F. V.: 1973, 'Satellite studies of magnetospheric substorms on August 15, 1968: OGO 5 plasma wave observations,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 3119.
56. Schulz, M. and Lanzerotti, L. J.: 1974, Particle Diffusion in the Radiation Belts, Springer-Verlag, New York.
57. Sergeev, V. A. and Bösinger, T.: 1993, 'Particle dispersion at the nightside boundary of the polar cap,' J. Geophys. Res. 98, 233.
58. Sergeev, V. A., Sazhina, E. M., Tsyganenko, N. A., Lundblad, J. A., and Soraas, F.: 1983, 'Pitch-angle scattering of energetic protons in the magnetotail current sheet as the dominant source of their isotropic precipitation into the nightside ionosphere,' Planet. Space Sci. 31, 1147.
59. Speiser, T. W.: 1965, 'Particle trajectories in model current sheets, 1, Analytical solutions,' J. Geophys. Res. 70, 4219.
60. Spjeldvik, W. N.: 1977, 'Equilibrium structure of equatorially mirroring radiation belt protons,' J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2801.
61. Spjeldvik, W. N. and Fritz, T. A.: 1978a, 'Energetic ionized helium in the quiet time radiation belts: Theory and comparison with observations,' J. Geophys. Res. 83, 654.
62. Spjeldvik, W. N. and Fritz, T. A.: 1978b, 'Theory for charge states of energetic oxygen ions in the earth's radiation belts,' J. Geophys. Res. 83, 1583.
63. Spjeldvik, W. N. and Thorne, R. M.: 1975, 'The cause of storm aftereffects in the middle latitude D-region,' J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 37, 777.
64. Thorne, R. M., Smith, E. J., Burton, R. K., and Holzer, R. E.: 1973, 'Plasmaspheric hiss,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1581.
65. West, H. J., Jr., Buck, R. M., and Kivelson, M. G.: 1978, 'On the configuration of the magnetotail near midnight during quiet and weakly disturbed periods: State of the magnetosphere,' J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3805.
66. Van Allen, J. A., Fennell, J. F., and Ness, N. F.: 1971, 'Asymmetric access of energetic solar protons to the earth's north and south polar caps,' J. Geophys. Res. 76, 4262.
67. West, H. I., Jr. and Vampola, A. L.: 1971, 'Simultaneous observations of solar-flare electron spectra in interplanetary space and within Earth's magnetosphere,' Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 458.
68. West, H. I., Jr., Buck, R. M., and Kivelson, M. G.: 1978, 'On the configuration of the magnetotail near midnight during quiet and weakly disturbed periods: State of the magnetosphere,' J. Geophys. Res. 83, 3805.
69. Whalen, B. A. and McDiarmid, I. B.: 1973, 'Pitch angle diffusion of low-energy auroral electrons,' J. Geophys. Res. 78, 1608.
70. Winningham, J. D. and Heikkila, W. J.: 1974, 'Polar cap electron fluxes observed with Isis 1,' J. Geophys. Res. 79, 949.
71. Zelenyi, L. M., Kozrazhkin, R. A., and Bosqued, J. M.: 1990, 'Velocity-dispersed ion beams in the nightside auroral zone: AUREOL 3 observation,' J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12,119.