An accessibility study of state legislative Web sites

Government Information Quarterly

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 65-85

  Fagan, Jody Condit ^a   Fagan, Bryan ^a  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2342443599     PISSN: 0740624X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2003.12.010     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Although most states have adopted only one or two pertinent statutes, California has twenty-one and Texas has fourteen instances of legal requirements for the provision of specific information on a Web site: Martin S., & Chamberlin B. (2001, June). State Laws Requiring World Wide Web Dissemination of Information. Information and Communication Technology Law, 10, (2), 170.
2. Larsen E., & Rainie, L. (2002, April 3). The rise of the e-citizen: How people use government agencies' Web sites (On-line). Pew Internet and American Life Project, 5, Available: http://www.pewinternet.org
3. Ibid., p. 2.
4. Ibid., p. 6.
5. Ibid., p. 2.
6. Greg Mt. Joy. (1999, September). State government's expanding Web. Fiscal Notes (pp. 10-11); Noack, D. (2001, January/February). Lights! Camera! Action! Lawmaking! (p. 26); In Florida, one can even get divorced online: de Gale, A. (2002, February 25). Divorcing Floridians can point, click, get unhitched. Miami Herald. Available: http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/state/2739075.htm
7. Wisconsin has eliminated their legislative hotline: Lassman K. (2002, June 1). The digital state (On-line), 74. The Progress and Freedom Foundation, Washington, D.C. Available: http://www.pff.org/publications/digitalstate2001.pdf
8. Ibid., p. 8-9.
9. Ibid., p. 9.
10. Newcombe T. (2002, December). Unequal access. Government Technology (On-line). Available: http://www.govtech.net/magazine/story.phtml?id=31395; Patterson D. (2002, May 31). Connecticut to Enforce Accessibility Guidelines. Government Technology (On-line). Available: http://www.govtech.net/news/news.phtml?docid=2002.05.31-3030000000010292.
11. National Association of State Information Resource Executives Best practices in the use of information technology in state government, Lexington, KY 2002, October
12. National Association of State Information Resource Executives. (2002). 2002 NASCIO Recognition Awards (On-line). Available: http://www.nascio.org/awards/2002awards/accessibility.cfm
13. Noble S. Web access and the law: A public policy framework Library Hi Tech 20 4 2002 399-405
14. Ibid., p. 401.
15. Ibid., p. 401.
16. Ibid., p. 402.
17. Ibid., p. 402.
18. Ibid., p. 403.
19. Citations about the GSA insistence on 508 compliance by June 21, 2001: Matthews W. (2001, April 16). GSA Sounds False 508 Alarm. Federal Computer Week, 8
20. Matthews W. (2000, August 7). Access.gov. Federal Computer Week, 18-28;
21. Matthews W. (2001, April 9). What experts say about compliance. Federal Computer Week, 26
22. Matthews W. (2001, June 25). Accessibility eludes agencies. Federal Computer Week, 8.
23. Noble, p. 403.
24. Ibid., p. 404.
25. Examples of state policies and standards include. Minimum standards for Rhode Island State Websites (On-line). Available: http://www.info.state.ri.us/minimumstandards.htm Accessed June 14, 2001; Massachusetts Web accessibility standards version 1.0 (On-line). Available: http://www.state.ma.us/itd/SPG/Publications/standards/ web-access-std.htm Accessed May 1, 2000; State of Connecticut Universal Website Accessibility Policy-Version 4.0. (On-line). Available: http://www.cmac.state.ct.us/access/policies/accesspolicy40.html Accessed July 26, 2000; Standards Review and Recommendation Publication (SRRPUB11) World Wide Web Design Standards and Coding Guidelines Web Accessibility and Usability (On-line). Available: http://www.dir.state.tx.us/standards/srrpub11-accessibility.htm Accessed October 14, 2002.
26. 2001 Pa. HB 1802; 2002 Tenn. Pub. Acts 537; 62 Okl. St. Section 41.5p (2002); Colorado 24-6-304 (2001) 2b.; Other examples of isolated legislation regarding agencies or agency projects include 2002 Ariz. HB 2046; Minn. Stat. 244.052 (2001) Subd. 4b.; 730 ILCS 152/115 (b) (2001).
27. Examples of comprehensive state legislation include "An Act to secure the benefits of access to information technology for individuals who are blind or visually impaired through the procurement of such technology in accordance with standards for equivalent access by both visual and nonvisual means; and for other purposes." 1999 Ark. Acts, 1227. Available: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/acts/1999/htm/act1227.htm; 2000 Ky. Acts Ch. 536 (SB315). Available: http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/Statrev/ACTS2000/0536.pdf; "Act to Make Changes to the Persons with Disabilities Protection Act," N.C. General Statutes 168A.7 (2002). Available: http://www.ncleg.net/html2001/bills/CurrentVersion/Ratified/ Senate/sbil0866.full.html. Accessed October 17, 2002.
28. Title 12, Section 191.863 R.S.Mo. (2001).
29. United States: State policies relating to Web accessibility. Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/Policy/USA-States.html
30. W3C. (2002, June). About the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (On-line). Available: http://www.w3c.org/Consortium/
31. W3C. (2002, June). Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) (On-line). Available: http://www.w3c.org/WAI/
32. W3C. (2002, June). Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10-TECHS/
33. Center for Applied Special Technology (On-line). Available: http://www.cast.org. Accessed July 2002.
34. Trace Research and Development Center (On-line). Available: http://trace.wisc.edu/. Accessed July 2002.
35. Adobe (2002, July). access.adobe.com (On-line). Available: http://access.adobe.com/
36. Macromedia (2002, July). Macromedia-accessibility: Tools (On-line). Available: http://www.macromedia.com/help/accessibility.html/; Microsoft (2002, July). HOME, Microsoft accessibility (On-line). Available: http://www.microsoft.com/enable/
37. A helpful list of over thirty "Evaluation, Repair, and Transformation Tools for Web Content Accessibility" can be found at http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/existingtools.html
38. Bobby-approved status is equivalent to Conformance Level A for the Web Content Guidelines: W3C (2002, June). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Conformance Logos (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG1-Conformance.html
39. Condit Fagan J. Fagan B. Citizens' access to on-line state legislative documents Government Information Quarterly 18 2 2001 105-121
40. West D. (2001). State and federal e-government in the United States (On-line). Brown University. Available: http://www.InsidePolitics.org/egovt01us.html. "Percentage of State and Federal Government Websites with Disability Access" section.
41. The three checkpoints unique to Section 508 are as follows: Make sure there is a link to download accessible plug-ins, ensure users can skip repetitive navigation links, and if a timed process is about to expire, give the user notification and a chance to extend the timeout.
42. W3C (2002, June). PDF techniques for Web content accessibility guidelines 13 September 2001 (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/WCAG-PDF-TECHS-20010913/
43. W3C (2002, June). Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505/ #gl-provide-equivalents
44. Examples of DOCTYPE statements can be found at http://validator.w3.org/sgml-lib/catalog
45. W3C (2002, June). Techniques for Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10-TECHS/; W3C. (2002, June). Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 (On-line). Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/
46. Rose G. Eavesdropping on public policy State Legislatures 2000, May 22
47. Rose G. Legislatures live via the web State Legislatures 1998, May 31
48. Ibid., p. 31.
49. Ibid., p. 22.
50. Perlman E. The outsourcing option Governing 2001, March 66
51. Conradi M. Taking Nebraska counties online Governing 2001, January 51
52. La. R.S. 39:16.3 (2002).
53. Miss. Code Ann. Section 25-53-151 (2001).
54. Perlman E. (2001, March) The outsourcing option. Governing 64-72
55. Maggs J. States say yahoo! to private Web providers National Journal 2000, September 16 2894-2896
56. Maggs J. States say yahoo! to private Web providers National Journal 2000, September 16 2895
57. Title 12, Section 191.863 R.S.Mo. (2001).
58. To see the customizable interface options, visit http://www.cast.org/ and click on "How to customize this site."
59. Wunnicke P. Legislatures come up with topnotch websites State Legislatures 1998, May 27
60. Lassman K. (On-line) The Digital State 2001 14 The Progress and Freedom Foundation Washington, D.C. Available: http://www.pff.org/publications/ecommerce/digitalstate2001.pdf (June 1, 2002)
61. West D.M. (On-line) State and Federal E-Government in the United States 2001 Brown University Available: http://www.InsidePolitics.org/ egovt01us.html (June 2002)