메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 423-430

Therapy insight: Systemic lupus erythematosus as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Coronary heart disease; Risk factors; Systemic lupus erythematosus

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; CHLOROQUINE; CHOLESTEROL; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MANNOSE BINDING LECTIN; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; PREDNISOLONE;

EID: 23244462099     PISSN: 17434297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0270     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (52)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0028958166 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Birmingham, England
    • Johnson AE et al. (1995) The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Birmingham, England. Arthritis Rheum 38: 551-557
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.38 , pp. 551-557
    • Johnson, A.E.1
  • 2
    • 0029143904 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus: Race and gender differences
    • McCarty DJ et al. (1995) Incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus: race and gender differences. Arthritis Rheum 38: 1260-1270
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.38 , pp. 1260-1270
    • McCarty, D.J.1
  • 3
    • 0032895063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence and mortality of SLE, 1950-1992
    • Uromoto KM et al. (1999) Trends in the incidence and mortality of SLE, 1950-1992. Arthritis Rheum 42: 46-50
    • (1999) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.42 , pp. 46-50
    • Uromoto, K.M.1
  • 4
    • 33544463670 scopus 로고
    • Mortality studies in SLE. Results from a single centre II: Predictor variables for mortality
    • Abu-Shakra M et al. (1995) Mortality studies in SLE. Results from a single centre II: predictor variables for mortality. J Rheumatol 22: 1256-1270
    • (1995) J. Rheumatol. , vol.22 , pp. 1256-1270
    • Abu-Shakra, M.1
  • 5
    • 0017295808 scopus 로고
    • The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Urowitz MB et al. (1976) The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 60: 221-225
    • (1976) Am. J. Med. , vol.60 , pp. 221-225
    • Urowitz, M.B.1
  • 6
    • 0033004426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature morbidity from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Ward MM (1999) Premature morbidity from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 42: 338-346
    • (1999) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.42 , pp. 338-346
    • Ward, M.M.1
  • 7
    • 0031052874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: Comparison with the Framingham Study
    • Manzi S et al. (1997) Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 145: 408-415
    • (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.145 , pp. 408-415
    • Manzi, S.1
  • 8
    • 0021215745 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Hosenpud JD et al. (1984) Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 77: 286-292
    • (1984) Am. J. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 286-292
    • Hosenpud, J.D.1
  • 9
    • 0142187605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Sella EM et al. (2003) Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and coronary disease risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 1066-1070
    • (2003) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.62 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Sella, E.M.1
  • 10
    • 0242411865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery angiography in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
    • Sella EM et al. (2003) Coronary artery angiography in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Arthritis Rheum 48: 3168-3175
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.48 , pp. 3168-3175
    • Sella, E.M.1
  • 11
    • 0346030568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Roman MJ et al. (2003) Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 349: 2399-2406
    • (2003) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.349 , pp. 2399-2406
    • Roman, M.J.1
  • 12
    • 0035899949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Svenungsson E et al. (2001) Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulation 104: 1887-1893
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1887-1893
    • Svenungsson, E.1
  • 13
    • 0142156507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Doria A et al. (2003) Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 1071-1077
    • (2003) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.62 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Doria, A.1
  • 14
    • 0028074260 scopus 로고
    • Lipid profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Leong KH et al. (1994) Lipid profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 21: 1264-1267
    • (1994) J. Rheumatol. , vol.21 , pp. 1264-1267
    • Leong, K.H.1
  • 15
    • 0026739543 scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery disease risk factors in the Johns Hopkins Lupus Cohort: Prevalence, recognition by patients, and preventive practices
    • (Baltimore)
    • Petri M et al. (1992) Coronary artery disease risk factors in the Johns Hopkins Lupus Cohort: prevalence, recognition by patients, and preventive practices. Medicine (Baltimore) 71: 291-302
    • (1992) Medicine , vol.71 , pp. 291-302
    • Petri, M.1
  • 16
    • 0242495176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: The Toronto Risk Factor Study
    • Bruce IN et al. (2003) Risk factors for coronary heart disease in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: the Toronto Risk Factor Study. Arthritis Rheum 48: 3159-3167
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.48 , pp. 3159-3167
    • Bruce, I.N.1
  • 17
    • 0034761724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Esdaile JM et al. (2001) Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 44: 2331-2337
    • (2001) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.44 , pp. 2331-2337
    • Esdaile, J.M.1
  • 18
    • 3242883121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in a large British cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Bessant R et al. (2004) Risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in a large British cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol 43: 924-929
    • (2004) Rheumatol , vol.43 , pp. 924-929
    • Bessant, R.1
  • 19
    • 0026459695 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with SLE
    • Petri M et al. (1992) Risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with SLE. Am J Med 93: 513-519
    • (1992) Am. J. Med. , vol.93 , pp. 513-519
    • Petri, M.1
  • 20
    • 0016428340 scopus 로고
    • The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. A study of 36 necropsy patients
    • Bulkley BH and Roberts WC (1975) The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. A study of 36 necropsy patients. Am J Med 58: 243-264
    • (1975) Am. J. Med. , vol.58 , pp. 243-264
    • Bulkley, B.H.1    Roberts, W.C.2
  • 21
    • 0023614843 scopus 로고
    • Dyslipoproteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Effect of corticosteroids
    • Ettinger WH et al. (1987) Dyslipoproteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Effect of corticosteroids. Am J Med 83: 503-508
    • (1987) Am. J. Med. , vol.83 , pp. 503-508
    • Ettinger, W.H.1
  • 22
    • 0026534040 scopus 로고
    • Fasting lipids and anticardiolipin antibodies as risk factors for vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • MacGregor AJ et al. (1992) Fasting lipids and anticardiolipin antibodies as risk factors for vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 51: 152-155
    • (1992) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.51 , pp. 152-155
    • MacGregor, A.J.1
  • 23
    • 17644412023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease
    • Hansson GK (2005) Inflammation, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 352: 1685-1695
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.352 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Hansson, G.K.1
  • 24
    • 0021341762 scopus 로고
    • Association of acute respiratory symptoms with onset of acute myocardial infarction: Prospective investigation of 150 consecutive patients and matched controls
    • Spodlick DH et al. (1984) Association of acute respiratory symptoms with onset of acute myocardial infarction: prospective investigation of 150 consecutive patients and matched controls. Am J Cardiol 53: 481-482
    • (1984) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.53 , pp. 481-482
    • Spodlick, D.H.1
  • 25
    • 0028900064 scopus 로고
    • Recent infections as a risk factor for cerebrovascular infarction
    • Grau AJ et al. (1995) Recent infections as a risk factor for cerebrovascular infarction. Stroke 26: 373-379
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 373-379
    • Grau, A.J.1
  • 26
    • 0028816015 scopus 로고
    • Is atherosclerosis an immunologically mediated disease?
    • Wick G et al. (1995) Is atherosclerosis an immunologically mediated disease? Immunol Today 16: 27-33
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 27-33
    • Wick, G.1
  • 27
    • 0034720851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal T-cell proliferation and plaque instability in acute coronary syndromes
    • Liuzzo G et al. (2000) Monoclonal T-cell proliferation and plaque instability in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 101: 2883-2888
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2883-2888
    • Liuzzo, G.1
  • 28
    • 0034704893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women
    • Ridker PM et al. (2000) C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 342: 836-843
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 836-843
    • Ridker, P.M.1
  • 29
    • 0020599827 scopus 로고
    • Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: Striking association with the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant
    • Boey ML et al. (1983) Thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: striking association with the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 287: 1021-1023
    • (1983) BMJ (Clin. Res. Ed.) , vol.287 , pp. 1021-1023
    • Boey, M.L.1
  • 30
    • 0021029327 scopus 로고
    • Anticardiolipin antibodies: Detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in SLE
    • Harris EN et al. (1983) Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in SLE. Lancet 2: 1211-1214
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Harris, E.N.1
  • 31
    • 23244436336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) contribute to atherogenesis in SLE
    • Ahmad Y et al. (2004) Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) contribute to atherogenesis in SLE. Arthritis Rheum 50 (Suppl 1): S191
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ahmad, Y.1
  • 32
    • 0035992584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are antiphospholipid antibodies an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis?
    • Bilora F et al. (2002) Are antiphospholipid antibodies an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis? Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 8: 103-113
    • (2002) Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. , vol.8 , pp. 103-113
    • Bilora, F.1
  • 33
    • 0037870697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness may be associated with stroke in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
    • Medina G et al. (2003) Increased carotid artery intima-media thickness may be associated with stroke in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 607-610
    • (2003) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.62 , pp. 607-610
    • Medina, G.1
  • 34
    • 0028850821 scopus 로고
    • Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort of middle-aged men
    • Vaarala O et al. (1995) Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort of middle-aged men. Circulation 91: 23-27
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 23-27
    • Vaarala, O.1
  • 35
    • 0027457735 scopus 로고
    • Cross-reaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Vaarala O et al. (1993) Cross-reaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 341: 923-925
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , pp. 923-925
    • Vaarala, O.1
  • 36
    • 0026333959 scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidised low-density lipoprotein in atherogenesis
    • Witzum JL and Steinberg D (1991) Role of oxidised low-density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 88: 1785-1792
    • (1991) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.88 , pp. 1785-1792
    • Witzum, J.L.1    Steinberg, D.2
  • 37
    • 0031051229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of beta 2-glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin antibodies in oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages
    • Hasunuma Y et al. (1997) Involvement of beta 2-glycoprotein I and anticardiolipin antibodies in oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 107: 569-573
    • (1997) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.107 , pp. 569-573
    • Hasunuma, Y.1
  • 38
    • 10744226230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating oxidized LDL forms complexes with beta 2-glycoprotein I: Implication as an atherogenic autoantigen
    • Kobayashi K et al. (2003) Circulating oxidized LDL forms complexes with beta 2-glycoprotein I: implication as an atherogenic autoantigen. J Lipid Res 44: 716-726
    • (2003) J. Lipid Res. , vol.44 , pp. 716-726
    • Kobayashi, K.1
  • 39
    • 0031459413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against cardiolipin and oxidatively modified LDL in 50-year-old men predict myocardial infarction
    • Wu R et al. (1997) Antibodies against cardiolipin and oxidatively modified LDL in 50-year-old men predict myocardial infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17: 3159-3163
    • (1997) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 3159-3163
    • Wu, R.1
  • 40
    • 0027431752 scopus 로고
    • Low levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A1 in association with anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Lahita RG et al. (1993). Low levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A1 in association with anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 36: 1566-1574
    • (1993) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.36 , pp. 1566-1574
    • Lahita, R.G.1
  • 41
    • 0041569770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactivity between anti-cardiolipin, anti-high-density lipoprotein and anti-apolipoprotein A-I IgG antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome
    • Delgado AJ et al. (2003) Cross-reactivity between anti-cardiolipin, anti-high-density lipoprotein and anti-apolipoprotein A-I IgG antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatol 42: 893-899
    • (2003) Rheumatol. , vol.42 , pp. 893-899
    • Delgado, A.J.1
  • 42
    • 0142103926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice by passive administration of antiphospholipid antibody
    • Nicolo D et al. (2003) Reduction of atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice by passive administration of antiphospholipid antibody. Arthritis Rheum 48: 2974-2978
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.48 , pp. 2974-2978
    • Nicolo, D.1
  • 43
    • 0041887361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperlipidemia and thrombotic complications in patients with membranous nephropathy
    • Nickolas TL et al. (2003) Hyperlipidemia and thrombotic complications in patients with membranous nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 23: 406-411
    • (2003) Semin. Nephrol. , vol.23 , pp. 406-411
    • Nickolas, T.L.1
  • 44
    • 0041384265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with coronary artery calcification in young female patients with SLE
    • Manger K et al. (2003) Factors associated with coronary artery calcification in young female patients with SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 846-850
    • (2003) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.62 , pp. 846-850
    • Manger, K.1
  • 45
    • 0030603334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for atherothrombotic events in SLE
    • Petri M et al. (1996) Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for atherothrombotic events in SLE. Lancet 348: 1120-1124
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1120-1124
    • Petri, M.1
  • 46
    • 0026459695 scopus 로고
    • Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for patients with SLE
    • Petri et al. (1992) Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for patients with SLE. Am J Med 93: 513-519
    • (1992) Am. J. Med. , vol.93 , pp. 513-519
    • Petri1
  • 47
    • 13244290226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of mannose binding lectin and serum mannose binding lectin concentration with characteristics and progression of SLE
    • Takahashi R et al. (2005) Association of mannose binding lectin and serum mannose binding lectin concentration with characteristics and progression of SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 311-314
    • (2005) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.64 , pp. 311-314
    • Takahashi, R.1
  • 48
    • 3142678169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mannose-binding lectin variant alleles and the risk of arterial thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Ohlenschlaeger T et al. (2004) Mannose-binding lectin variant alleles and the risk of arterial thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 351: 260-267
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.351 , pp. 260-267
    • Ohlenschlaeger, T.1
  • 49
    • 0345832283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus - Proposed guidelines for risk factor management
    • Wajed J et al. (2004) Prevention of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus - proposed guidelines for risk factor management. Rheumatol 43: 7-12
    • (2004) Rheumatol. , vol.43 , pp. 7-12
    • Wajed, J.1
  • 50
    • 0032559777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women
    • Sowers J (1998) Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in women. Arch Intern Med 158: 617-621
    • (1998) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.158 , pp. 617-621
    • Sowers, J.1
  • 51
    • 0028969505 scopus 로고
    • Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Hearth-Holmes M et al. (1995) Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 22: 450-454
    • (1995) J. Rheumatol. , vol.22 , pp. 450-454
    • Hearth-Holmes, M.1
  • 52
    • 0035078958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm beneficial effect of chloroquine diphosphate on lipoprotein profile in lupus patients with and without steroid therapy
    • Borba EF and Bonfa E (2001) Longterm beneficial effect of chloroquine diphosphate on lipoprotein profile in lupus patients with and without steroid therapy. J Rheumatol 28: 780-785
    • (2001) J. Rheumatol. , vol.28 , pp. 780-785
    • Borba, E.F.1    Bonfa, E.2
  • 53
    • 0037309378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel anti-inflammatory role for simvastatin in inflammatory arthritis
    • Leung BP et al. (2003) A novel anti-inflammatory role for simvastatin in inflammatory arthritis. J Immunol 170: 1524-1530
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 1524-1530
    • Leung, B.P.1
  • 54
    • 0034631861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic antithrombotic therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies: Do the benefits outweigh the risks? A decision analysis
    • Wahl DG et al. (2000) Prophylactic antithrombotic therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with or without antiphospholipid antibodies: do the benefits outweigh the risks? A decision analysis. Arch Int Med 160: 2042-2048
    • (2000) Arch. Int. Med. , vol.160 , pp. 2042-2048
    • Wahl, D.G.1
  • 55
    • 0347236689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and malignancy in the multi-ethnic Birmingham Lupus Cohort - Aspirin use is beneficial and non-Caucasian origin is not associated with a poor outcome
    • Leung MH et al. (2002) Mortality and malignancy in the multi-ethnic Birmingham Lupus Cohort - aspirin use is beneficial and non-Caucasian origin is not associated with a poor outcome. Rheumatol 41 (Suppl 1): S17
    • (2002) Rheumatol , vol.41 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Leung, M.H.1
  • 56
    • 0031826491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A quality improvement study
    • Bruce IN et al. (1998). Detection and modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a quality improvement study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 16: 435-440
    • (1998) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.16 , pp. 435-440
    • Bruce, I.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.