A numerical simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22-23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 131, Issue 605, 2005, Pages 155-194

  Nuissier, Olivier ^a   Rogers, Robert F ^b   Roux, Frank ^a  

^a LABORATOIRE D AÉROLOGIE   (France)

^b ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Initialization; Non hydrostatic numerical models; Tropical cyclones; Vortex Rossby waves

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HURRICANE EFFECTS; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; INTEGRATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; STORMS;

LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE MODELS; NON-HYDROSTATIC MODEL; RADAR DATA;

METEOROLOGY;

HURRICANE; NUMERICAL MODEL; ROSSBY WAVE; TROPICAL CYCLONE; VORTEX;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF MEXICO; NORTH AMERICA; OCEANIC REGIONS; TEXAS; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 23144465511     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1256/qj.02.233     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Anthes, R. A. 1972 The development of asymmetries in a three-dimensional numerical model of tropical cyclone. Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 461-476
2. Aonashi, K. 1993 An initialization method to incorporate precipitation data into a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 71, 393-406
3. Bechtold, P., Bazile, E., Guichard, F., Mascart, P. and Richard, E. 2001 A mass-flux convection scheme for regional and global models. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 869-886
4. Bielli, S. and Roux, F. 1999 Initialization of a cloud-resolving model with airborne Doppler radar observations of an oceanic tropical convective system. Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 1038-1055
5. Bister, M. and Emanuel, K. A. 1998 Dissipative heating and hurricane intensity. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 55, 233-240
6. Black, M. L., Gamache, J. F., Marks, F. D. Jr, Samsury, C. E. and Willoughby, H. E. 2002 Eastern Pacific Hurricanes Jimena of 1991 and Olivia of 1994: The effect of vertical shear on structure and intensity. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2291-2312
7. Braun, S. A. 2002 A cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bob (1991): storm structure and eyewall buoyancy. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 1573-1592
8. Burlaud, C., Viltard, N., Nuissier, O. and Roux, F. 2002 'Numerical simulation and observations in passive microwave radiometry of the tropical Hurricane Bret (August 1999)'. Pp. 412-413 in Preprints 25th conference on hurricane and tropical meteorology, 29 April-3 May 2002. American Meteorological Society, San Diego, USA
9. Chen, Y. and Yau, M. K. 2001 Spiral bands in a simulated hurricane. Part I: Vortex Rossby wave verification. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2128-2145
10. Chen, Y., Brunet, G. and Yau, M. K. 2003 Spiral bands in a simulated hurricane. Part II: Vortex Rossby wave verification. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1239-1256
11. Clark, T. L. and Farley, R. D. 1984 Severe downslope windstorm calculation in two and three spatial dimensions using anelastic interactive grid nesting: A possible mechanism for gustiness. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 329-350
12. Corbosiero, K. L. and Molinari, J. 2002 The effect of vertical wind shear on the distribution of convection in tropical cyclones. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2110-2123
13. Cuxart, J., Bougeault, Ph. and Redelsperger, J. L. 2000 A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 1-30
14. DeMaria, M. 1985 Tropical cyclone motion in a nondivergent barotropic model. Mon. Weather Rev., 113, 1199-1210
15. Dupuis, H., Taylor, P. K., Weill, A. and Katsaros, K. 1997 Inertial dissipation method applied to derive turbulent fluxes over the ocean during the Surface of the Ocean, Fluxes and Interactions with the Atmosphere/Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (SOFIA/ASTEX) and Structures des Echanges Mer-Atmosphere, Proprietes des Heterogeneities Oceaniques: Recherche Experimentale (SEMAPHORE) experiments with low to moderate wind speeds. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21115-21129
16. Emanuel, K. A. 1986 An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part I: Steady-state maintenance. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 585-604
17. Fiorino, M. and Elsberry, R. L. 1989 Some aspects of vortex structure related to tropical cyclone motion. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 975-990
18. Frank, W. M. and Ritchie, E. A. 1999 Effects of environmental flow upon tropical cyclone structure. Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2044-2061
19. Franklin, J. L. and DeMaria, M. 1992 The impact of Omega dropsonde observations on barotropic hurricane-track forecasts. Mon. Weather Rev., 120, 381-391
20. Franklin, J. L., Lord, S. J., Feuer, S. E. and Marks, F. D. Jr. 1993 The kinematic structure of Hurricane Gloria (1985) determined from nested analysis of dropwindsonde and Doppler radar data. Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2433-2451
21. Gal-Chen, T. and Sommerville, R. C. J. 1975 On the use of a coordinate transformation for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. J. Comput. Phys., 17, 209-228
22. Gamache, J. F., Willoughby, H. E., Black, M. L. and Samsury, C. E. 1997 'Wind shear, sea surface temperature, and convection in hurricanes observed by airborne Doppler radar'. Pp. 121-122 in Preprints 22nd conference on hurricane and tropical Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, Fort Collins, USA
23. Guinn, T. A. and Schubert, W. H. 1993 Hurricane spiral bands. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3380-3403
24. Hawkins, H. F. and Imbembo, S. M. 1976 The structure of a small, intense Hurricane Inez 1966. Mon. Weather Rev., 104, 418-442
25. Holland, G. J. 1980 An analytic model of the wind and pressure profile in hurricanes. Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1212-1218
26. Jones, R. W. 1977 A nested grid for a three-dimensional model of tropical cyclone. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1528-1533
27. Kain, J. S. and Fritsch, J. M. 1990 A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784-2802
28. Kain, J. S. and Fritsch, J. M. 1993 Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. Meteorol. Monogr., 46, 165-170
29. Kossin, J. P. and Schubert, W. H. 2001 Mesovortices, polygonal flow patterns, and rapid pressure falls in hurricane-like vortices. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2196-2209
30. Kuo, W.-H., Williams, R. T. and Chen, J. H. 1999 A possible mechanism for the eye rotation of Typhoon Herb. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1659-1673
31. Kurihara, Y. and Bender, M. A. 1982 Structure and analysis of the eye of a numerically simulated tropical cyclone. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60, 381-395
32. Kurihara, Y., Bender, M. A. and Ross, R. J. 1993 An initialization scheme of hurricane models by vortex specification. Mon. Weather Rev., 121, 2030-2045
33. Kurihara, Y., Bender, M. A., Tuleya, R. E. and Ross, R. J. 1995 Improvements in the GFDL hurricane prediction system. Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 2791-2801
34. Lafore, J.-P., Stein, J., Ascencio, N., Bougcault, P., Ducrocq, V., Duron, J., Fisher, C., Hereil, P., Mascart, P., Pinty, J.-P., Redelsperger, J.-L., Richard, E. and Vila-Guerau de Arellano, J. 1998 The Meso-NH atmospheric simulation system. Part I: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Ann. Geophys., 16, 90-109
35. Lawrence, M. B., Avila, L. A., Beven, J. L., Franklin, J. L., Guiney, J. L. and Pasch, R. J. 2001 Atlantic hurricane season of 1999. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 3057-3084
36. Lewis, B. M. and Hawkins, H. F. 1982 Polygonal eyewalls and rainbands in hurricanes. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 63, 1294-1300
37. Lipps, F. B. and Hemler, R. S. 1982 A scale analysis of deep moist convection and some related numerical calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2192-2210
38. Liu, Y., Zhang, D. L. and Yau, M. K. 1997 A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part I: Explicit simulation and verification. Mon. Weather Rev., 125, 3073-3093
39. Liu, Y., Zhang, D. L. and Yau, M. K. 1999 A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part II: Kinematics and inner-core structures. Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2597-2616
40. Mesinger, F. and Arakawa, A. 1976 'Numerical methods used in atmospheric models'. GARP Tech. Rep. (WMO), 17, Vol. 1. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
41. e cycle, 118, Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 4, France)
42. Montgomery, M. T. and Kallenbach, R. J. 1997 A theory for vortex Rossby-waves and its application to spiral bands and intensity changes in hurricanes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 435-465
43. Morcrette, J.-J. 1989 'Description of the radiation scheme in the ECMWF model'. ECMWF Tech. Memo. 117. Shinfield, Reading, UK
44. Muramatsu, T. 1986 The structure of the polygonal eye of a typhoon. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 64, 913-921
45. Nolan, D. S. and Montgomery, M. T. 2002 Non-hydrostatic, three-dimensional perturbations to balanced, hurricane-like vortices. Part I: Linearized formulation, stability, and evolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2989-3020
46. Peng, M. S. and Williams, R. T. 1990 Dynamics of vortex asymmetries and their influence on vortex motion on a β plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1987-2003
47. Pu, Z. and Braun, S. A. 2001 Evaluation of bogus vortex techniques with four-dimensional variational data assimilation. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 2023-2039
48. Pu, Z., Tao, W.-K., Braun, S., Simpson, J., Jia, J., Halverson, Y., Olson, W. and Hou, A. 2002 The impact of TRMM data on mesoscale numerical simulation of supertyphoon Paka. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2448-2458
49. Reasor, P. D., Montgomery, M. T., Marks, F. D. Jr. and Gamache, J. F. 2000 Low wave-number structure and evolution of the hurricane inner core observed by airborne dual-Doppler radar. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1653-1680
50. Richard, E., Cosma, S., Tabary, P., Pinty, J. P., and Hagen, M. 2003 High-resolution numerical simulations of the convective system observed in the Lago Maggiore area on 17 September 1999 (MAP IOP 2a). Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 543-563
51. Rogers, R. F., Fritsch, J. M. and Lambert, W. C. 2000 A simple technique for using radar data in the dynamic initialization of a mesoscale model. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 2560-2574
52. Rogers, R. F., Chen, S., Tenerelli, J. and Willoughby, H. 2003 A numerical study of the impact of vertical shear on the distribution of rainfall in Hurricane Bonny (1998). Mon. Weather Rev., 131, 1577-1599
53. Rotunno, R. and Emanuel, K. A. 1987 An air-sea interaction theory for tropical cyclones. Part II: Evolutionary study using a nonhydrostatic axisymmetric numerical model. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 542-561
54. Roux, F. and Marks, F. D. Jr. 1996 Extended Velocity Track Display (EVTD): An improved processing method for Doppler radar observations of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 875-899
55. Roux, F. and Viltard, N. 1995 Structure and evolution of Hurricane Claudette on 7 September 1991 from airborne Doppler radar observations. Part I: Kinematics. Mon. Weather Rev., 123, 2611-2639
56. Schubert, W. H., Montgomery, M. T., Taft, R. K., Guinn, T. A., Fulton, S. R., Kossin, J. P. and Edwards, J. P. 1999 Polygonal eyewalls, asymmetric eye contraction and potential vorticity mixing in hurricanes. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1197-1223
57. Shapiro, L. J. 1983 The asymmetric boundary layer flow under a translating hurricane. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1984-1998
58. Shapiro, L. J. and Montgomery, M. T. 1993 A three-dimensional balance theory for rapidly rotating vortices. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3322-3335
59. Shapiro, L. J. and Ooyama, K. V. 1990 Barotropic vortex evolution on a beta plane. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 170-187
60. Shapiro, L. J. and Willoughby, H. E. 1982 The response of balanced hurricanes to local sources of heat and momentum. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 378-394
61. Smith, R. K., Ulrich, W. and Dietachmayer, G. 1990 A numerical study of tropical cyclone motion using a barotropic model. Part I: The role of vortex asymmetries. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 337-362
62. Stein, J., Richard, E., Lafore, J. P., Pinty, J. P., Asencio, N. and Cosma, S. 2000 Meso-NH simulations with grid-nesting and ice phase parameterization. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 72, 203-221
63. Takano, I. and Segami, A. 1993 Assimilation and initialization of a mesoscale model for improved spin-up of precipitation. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 71, 377-391
64. Tripoli, G. J. 1992 An explicit three-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical simulation of a tropical cyclone. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 49, 229-254
65. Viltard, N. and Roux, F. 1998 Structure and evolution of Hurricane Claudette on 7 September 1991 from airborne Doppler radar observations. Part II: Thermodynamics. Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3053-3067
66. Wang, W. and Warner, T. T. 1988 Use of four-dimensional data assimilation by Newtonian relaxation and latent-heat forcing to improve a mesoscale-model precipitation forecast: A case study. Mon. Weather Rev., 116, 2593-2613
67. Wang, Y. 2001 An explicit simulation of tropical cyclones with a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model: TCM3. Part I: Model description and control experiment. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 1370-1394
68. Wang, Y. 2002a Vortex Rossby waves in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone. Part I: Overall structure, potential vorticity, and kinetic energy budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1213-1238
69. Wang, Y. 2002b Vortex Rossby waves in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone. Part I: The role in tropical cyclone structure and intensity changes. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1239-1262
70. Willoughby, H. E. 1998 Tropical cyclone eye thermodynamics. Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3053-3067
71. Willoughby, H. E., Clos, J. A. and Shoreibah, M. G. 1982 Concentric eyewalls, secondary wind maxima, and the evolution of the hurricane vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 395-411
72. Xiao, Q., Zou, X. and Wang, B. 2000 Initialization and simulation of a landfalling hurricane using a variational bogus-data assimilation scheme. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 2252-2269
73. Zhang, D.-L. and Altshuler, E. 1999 The effects of dissipative heating on hurricane intensity. Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 3032-3038
74. Zhang, D.-L,, Liu, Y. and Yau, M. K. 2000 A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part III: Dynamically induced vertical motions. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 3772-3788
75. Zhang, D.-L., Liu, Y. and Yau, M. K. 2001 A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part IV: Unbalanced flows. Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 92-107
76. Zhang, D.-L., Liu, Y. and Yau, M. K. 2002 A multiscale numerical study of Hurricane Andrew (1992). Part V: Inner-core thermodynamics. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2745-2763
77. Zhu, T., Zhang, D.-L. and Weng, F. 2002 Impact of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit measurements on hurricane prediction. Mon. Weather Rev., 130, 2416-2432
78. Zou, X. and Xiao, Q. 2000 Studies on the initialization and simulation of a mature hurricane using a variational bogus-data assimilation scheme. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 836-860