The temporal relationship between police killings of civilians and criminal homicide: A refined version of the danger-perception theory

Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 155-172

  MacDonald, John M ^a   Kaminski, Robert J ^b   Alpert, Geoffrey P ^a   Tennenbaum, Abraham N ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE   (United States)

^c Sha'arei Mispat School of Law   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044525980     PISSN: 00111287     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011128701047002001     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Alpert, G. A., & Dunham, R. G. (1995). Police use of deadly force: A statistical analysis of the Metro-Dade Police Department. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.
2. Cook, P. J. (1987). Robbery violence. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 78, 357-376.
3. Enders, W. (1995). Applied econometric time series. New York: Wiley.
4. Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1991). Concept and interpretation of cointegration. In R. F. Engle & C. W. Granger (Eds.), Long-run economic relationships: Readings in cointegration (pp. 1-16). New York: Oxford University Press.
5. Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. Albany: State University of New York Press.
6. Freeman, R. B. (1995). The labor market. In J. Q. Wilson & J. Petersilia (Eds.), Crime (pp. 171-192). San Francisco: ICS.
7. Fyfe, J. J. (1980). Geographic correlates of police shooting: A microanalysis. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 17, 101-113.
8. Geller, W. A., & Karales, K. J. (1981). Split-second decisions: Shootings of & by Chicago police. Chicago: Chicago Law Enforcement Study Group.
9. Goldkamp, J. S. (1976). Minorities as victims of police shootings: Interpretations of racial disproportionality and police use of deadly force. The Justice System Journal, 2, 68-183.
10. Inn, A., Wheeler, A. C., & Sparling, C. L. (1977). The effects of suspect race and situation hazard on police officer shooting behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7, 27-37.
11. Jacobs, D., & Britt, D. (1979). Inequality and police use of deadly force: An empirical assessment of a conflict hypothesis. Social Problems, 26, 403-412.
12. Jacobs, D., & O'Brien, R. M. (1998). The determinants of deadly force: A structural analysis of police violence. American Journal of Sociology, 10, 837-862.
13. Kania, R. R., & Mackey, W. C. (1977). Police violence as function of community characteristics. Criminology, 15, 27-48.
14. Knoohuizen, R., Fahey, R. P., & Palmer, D. J. (1972). The police and their use of fatal force in Chicago. Chicago: Chicago Law Enforcement Study Group.
15. Kobler, A. L. (1975). Figures (and perhaps some facts) on police killing of civilians in the United States, 1965-1969. Journal of Social Issues, 31, 185-191.
16. Langworthy, R. H. (1986). Police shooting and criminal homicide: The temporal relationship. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2, 377-388.
17. Lattimore, P. K., Trudeau, J., Riley, K. J., Leiter, J., & Edwards, S. (1997). Homicide in eight U.S. cities: Trends, context, and policy implications [NCJ 167262]. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.
18. MacDonald, J. M., Alpert, G. P., & Tennenbaum, A. N. (1999). Justifiable homicide by police and criminal homicide: A research note. Journal of Crime & Justice, 22, 153-166.
19. Mackinon, J. G. (1991). Critical values for cointegration tests. In R. F. Engle & C. W. Granger (Eds.), Long-run economic relationships: Readings in cointegration (pp. 267-276). New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Matulia, K. J. (1985). A balance of forces: Model deadly force policies and procedure (2nd ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: International Association of Chiefs of Police.
21. McCleary, R., & Hay, R. A. (1980). Applied time series analysis for the social sciences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
22. Meyer, M. W. (1980). Police shootings at minorities: The case of the Los Angeles Police. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 452, 98-110.
23. Ostrom, C. W. (1990). Time series analysis: Regression techniques. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
24. Ostrom, C. W., & Marra, R. F. (1986). U.S. defense spending and the Soviet estimate. American Political Science Review, 80, 819-842.
25. Pindyck, R. S., & Rubinfeld, D. L. (1998). Econometric models and economic forecasts (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
26. Robin, G. R. (1963). Justifiable homicide by police officers. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 54, 225-231.
27. Sampson, R. J., & Wilson, W. J. (1995). Race crime and inequality. In J. Hagan & R. D. Peterson (Eds.), Crime and inequality (pp. 37-54). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
28. Sherman, L. W., & Cohen, G. C. (1986). Citizens killed by big city police, 1970-1984, Washington DC: Crime Control Institute.
29. Sherman, L. W., & Langworthy, R. H. (1979). Measuring homicide by police officers. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 70, 546-560.
30. Sorensen, J. R., Marquat, J. W., & Brock, D. E. (1993). Factors related to killings of felons by police officers: A test of the community violence and conflict hypothesis. Justice Quarterly, 70, 417-440.
31. Takagi, P. (1974). A garrison state in a "democratic" society. Crime and Social Justice, 1, 27-33.
32. Tennenbaum. A. N., & Fink, E. L. (1994). Temporal regularities in homicide: Cycles, seasons and autoregression. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 317-342.