Police-led crackdowns and cleanups: An evaluation of a crime control initiative in Richmond, Virginia

Crime and Delinquency

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 60-83

  Smith, Michael R ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044521865     PISSN: 00111287     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0011128701047001003     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Barr, R., & Pease, K. (1990). Crime placement, displacement, and deflection. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 277-318). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Boydstun, J. (1975). San Diego field interrogation: Final report. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
3. Campbell, D. T., & Ross, H. L. (1968). The Connecticut crackdown on speeding: Time series data in quasi-experimental analysis. Law and Society Review, 3(1), 33-53.
4. Chaiken, J. M., Lawless, M. W., & Stevenson, K. A. (1974). The impact of police activity on crime: Robberies in the New York City subway system. New York: Rand.
5. Clarke, R. V., & Weisburd, D. (1994). Diffusion of crime control benefits: Observations on the reverse of displacement. In R. Clarke (Ed.), Crime prevention studies (vol. 2, pp. 165-183). Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
6. Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588-608.
7. Cordner, G. W. (1981). The effects of directed patrol: A natural quasi-experiment in Pontiac. In J. J. Fyfe (Ed.), Contemporary issues in law enforcement (pp. 37-58). Beverly Hills: Sage.
8. Cordner, G. W. (1986). Fear of crime and the police: An evaluation of a fear-reduction strategy. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14(3), 223-233.
9. Cramer, D. ( 1997). Basic statistics for social research. New York: Routledge.
10. Dunworth. T., & Mills, G. (1999). National evaluation of Weed and Seed. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
11. Eck, J. E. ( 1994). Drug markets and drug places: A case control study of the spatial structure of illicit drug dealing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland.
12. Eck, J. E., & Spelman, W. (1987). Problem-oriented policing in Newport News. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
13. Felson, M. (1986). Linking criminal choices, routine activities, informal control, and criminal outcomes. In D. B. Cornish & R. V. Clarke (Eds.), The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending (pp. 119-128). New York: Springer-Verlag.
14. Fienberg, S., Larntz, K., & Reiss, A. J. (1976). Redesigning the Kansas City preventive patrol experiment. Evaluation, 3(1-2), 124-131.
15. Green, L. (1996). Policing places with drug problems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Hakim, S., & Rengert, G. R (1981). Crime spillover. Beverly Hills: Sage.
17. Hope, T. J. (1994). Problem-oriented policing and drug market locations: Three case studies. In R. Clarke (Ed.), Crime prevention studies (vol. 2, pp. 5-31 ). Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press.
18. Jacob, H., & Rich, M. J. (1980-1981). The effect of the police on crime: A second look. Law and Society Review. 15(1), 109-122.
19. Kelling, G. L., & Coles, C. M. (1996). Fixing broken windows. New York: The Free Press.
20. Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E. ( 1974). The Kansas City preventive patrol experiment: A summary report. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
21. Kennedy, D. M. (1993). Controlling the drug trade in Tampa, Florida. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
22. Larson, R. C. (1975). What happened to patrol operations in Kansas City? A review of the Kansas City preventive patrol experiment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 3(4), 117-123.
23. Marcantonio, R., & Cook, T. (1994). Convincing quasi-experiments: The interrupted time series and regression-discontinuity designs. In J. S. Wholey, H. P. Hatry, & K. E. Newcomer (Eds.), Handbook of practical program evaluation (pp. 133-154). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
24. Novak, K. J., Hartman, J. L., Holsinger, A. M., & Turner, M. G. (1999). The effects of aggressive policing of disorder on serious crime. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 22(2), 171-190.
25. Oliver, J. A. (1999). Memorandum to Calvin Jamison.
26. Pate, A. M., Wycoff, M. A., Skogan, W. G., & Sherman, L. W. ( 1986). Reducing fear of crime in Houston and Newark: A summary report. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
27. Roehl, J. A., Huitt, R., Wycoff, M. A., Pate, A., Rebovich, D., & Coyle, K. (1996). National process evaluation of Operation Weed and Seed. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
28. Runyon, R., Haber, A., Pittenger, D. J., & Coleman, K. A. (1996). Fundamentals of behavioral statistics (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
29. Sampson, R., & Cohen, J. (1988). Deterrent effect of police on crime: A replication and theoretical extension. Law and Society Review, 22(1), 163-189.
30. Sawilowsky, S. S., & Blair, R. C. (1992). A more realistic look at the robustness and type II error properties of the t-test to departures from population normality. Psychology Bulletin, 111(2), 352-360.
31. Scheirer, M. A. (1994). Designing and using process evaluation. In J. Wholey, H. Hatry, & K. Newcomer (Eds.), Handbook of practical program evaluation (pp. 40-68). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
32. Schnelle, J. F., Kirchner, R. E., Casey, J. D., Uselton, P. H., & McNees, M. P. (1977). Patrol evaluation research: A multiple-baseline analysis of saturation police patrolling during day and night hours. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10(1), 33-40.
33. Sherman, L. W. (1990). Police crackdowns: Initial and residual deterrence. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 1-48). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
34. Sherman, L. W., Gartin, P. R., & Buerger, M. E. (1989). Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place. Criminology, 27(1), 27-55.
35. Sherman, L. W., & Rogan, D. P. (1995). Deterrent effects of police raids on crack houses: A randomized, controlled experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 755-781.
36. Sherman, L. W., Shaw, J. W., & Rogan, D. P. (1995). The Kansas City gun experiment. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
37. Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 625-648.
38. Silverman, E. B. (1999). NYPD battles crime. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
39. Walker, S. (1997). "Broken windows" and fractured history: The use and misuse of history in recent police patrol analysis. In R. Dunham & G. Alpert (Eds.), Critical issues in policing (3rd ed., pp. 424-450). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.
40. Weisburd, D., & Green, L. ( 1995). Policing drug hot spots: The Jersey City drug market analysis experiment. Justice Quarterly, 12(4). 711-735.
41. Whitaker, G. P., Phillips, C. D., Haas, P. J., & Worden, R. E. (1985). Aggressive policing and the deterrence of crime. Law and Policy, 7(3), 395-416.
42. Wilcox, R. R. (1987). New statistical procedures for the social sciences: Modem solutions to basic problems. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
43. Wilson, J. Q., & Boland, B. (1978). The effect of the police on crime. Law and Society Review, 12(3), 367-390.
44. Wilson, J. Q., & Kelling, G. L. (1982, March). Broken windows. Atlantic Monthly, 249,29-38.
45. Zimmer, L. (1990). Proactive policing against street-level drug trafficking. American Journal of Police, 9(1), 43-74.