Women in east European parliaments

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 11, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 156-158

  Saxonberg, Steven ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044520173     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2000.0046     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. For examples of the Czech case, see Sharon L. Wolchik, Czechoslovakia in Transition: Politics, Economics, and Society (London: Pinter Press, 1991), 133ff. and 198ff;
2. "National Report of the Czech Republic on the Status of Women in the Czech Republic," paper prepared for Regional Preparatory Session of the Economic commission for Europe (Vienna, 17-21 October 1994), Appendix.
3. An example for the Polish case is Joanna Regulska, "Transition to Local Democracy: Do Polish Women have a Chance?" in Marilyn Rueschemeyer, ed., Women in the Politics of Posteommunist Eastern Europe (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1995), 36.
4. The most important theoretical studies on female representation in Western parliaments include: Wilma Rule, "Why Women Don't Run: The Critical Contextual Factors in Women's Legislative Recruitment," Western Political Quarterly 34 (March 1981): 60-77;
5. Pippa Morris, "Women's Legislative Representation in Western Europe," West European Politics 8 (October 1985): 90-101;
6. Richard E. Matland, "Institutional Variables Affecting Female Representation in National Legislatures: The Case of Norway," Journal of Politics 55 (August 1993): 735-55;
7. Richard E. Matland and Donley T. Studlar, "The Contagion of Women Candidates in Single-Member District and Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Canada and Norway," Journal of Politics 58 (August 1996): 707-33;
8. Richard E. Matland, "Women's Representation in National Legislatures: Developed and Developing Countries," Legislative Studies Quarterly 23 (1998): 109-24;
9. and Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski, Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
10. Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski, Political Recruitment, 108.
11. For a review of some of this literature, see Mika Caul, "Women's Representation in Parliament: The Role of Political Parties," CSD paper available on the Internet at http://hypatia.ss.uci.edu/democ//papers/caul.htm.
12. "Women's Political Representation in Eastern Europe: 10 Years after the Fall," a conference organized by Richard Matland held in Bergen, Norway, 28-29 May 1999 (hereafter cited as "the Bergen conference"). Many of the papers delivered at the conference will be published in a book edited by Richard Matland and Kathleen Montgomery.
13. John Gibbons, "Parties and Voters: the Effects of the Polish Electoral System on Women's Representation,"
14. and Kathleen Montgomery and Gabriella Ilonszki, "Explaining the Puzzle of Women's Representation in the Post-Communist Hungarian National Assembly." Both papers were delivered at the Bergen conference.
15. For example, in Slovenia the percentage of female MPs for the right-wing populist SNP increased dramatically from 8.3 percent in 1993 to 33.3 percent in 1997. In Slovakia, meanwhile, the left-wing populist HZDS fell from 24.6 percent female MPs in 1994 to 14 percent in 1998. During the same period in Slovakia, the right-wing populist SNS increased its proportion of female MPs from 11.1 percent to 21.5 percent.
16. The Communist Party's Central Operative Electoral Staff in 1995 suggested that "nearly 50 percent of the candidates" should be women, especially in the "leading positions." See KSČM, "KSČM Ústřední operativní volební štáb: Návrh kriterií a providel pro výběr kandidátů na poslance za KSČM do Parlamentu české republiky a zásad jejich přípravy," unpublished internal party document.
17. See Steven Saxonberg, "A New Phase in Czech Politics," Journal of Democracy 10 (January 1999): 96-111 for a discussion of this.
18. In many cases, the dividing lines along the left-right scale are blurry. For example, it is not clear whether the reformed former communists in Slovakia (Party of the Democratic Left) is to the left or right of the left-populist HZDS.