A political regimes approach to the analysis of legal decisions

Polity

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 233-250

  Clayton, Cornell ^a   May, David A ^b  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23044518079     PISSN: 00323497     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3235284     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. For further discussion of new institutionalism, see Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman, eds. Supreme Court Politics: Institutional Perspectives (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1998);
2. Howard Gillman, "The New Institutionalism, Part 1," Law and Courts Newsletter 7 (1997): 6-11;
3. and Rogers Smith, "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law," American Political Science Review 82 (1988): 89-108.
4. Jeffrey Segal and Harold Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
5. Robert Dahl "DecisionMaking in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker," Journal of Public Law 6 (1957): 279-95;
6. Martin Shapiro, "The Supreme Court from Warren to Burger," in The New American Political System, ed. Anthony King (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1978);
7. David Adamany, "The Supreme Court's Role in Critical Elections," in Realignment in American Politics, ed. Richard Trilling (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980).
8. Robert Cushman, Leading Constitutional Decisions (New York: F.S. Crofts, 1925).
9. Edward Corwin, The Twilight of the Supreme Court: A History of Our Constitutional Theory (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1934).
10. Charles Grove Haines, "General Observations on the Effects of Personal, Political, and Economic Influences in the Decision of Judges," reprinted in Judicial Behavior: A Reader in Theory and Research, ed. Glendon A. Schubert (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1922).
11. C. Herman Pritchett, The Roosevelt Court: A Study in Judicial Politics and Values, 1937-1947 (New York: MacMillan,1948).
12. Glendon Schubert, ed., Judicial Behavior: A Reader in Theory and Research (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964).
13. Harold Spaeth, "An Approach to the Study of Attitudinal Differences as an Aspect of Judicial Behavior," Midwest Journal of Political Science 5 (1961): 180.
14. Philip Ethington and Eileen McDonagh, "The Common Space of Social Science Inquiry," Polity 28 (1995): 85-90.
15. This constitutive conception of how law and politics interact in the judicial decision making process was clearly suggested by Haines in his famous 1922 essay on judicial decisions. "A complex thing like a judicial decision involves factors, personal and legal, which carry us to the very roots of human nature and human conduct. Political prejudices, the influence of narrow and limited legal training with antiquated legal principles and traditions, or class bias having little or no relation to wealth or property interest, are more likely to affect the decisions of judges than so-called 'economic interests'" (49). See Cornell Clayton and Howard Gillman, eds, Supreme Court Politics: Institutional Perspectives (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), for elaboration.
16. Glendon Schubert, The Judicial Mind: The Attitudes and Ideologies of Supreme Court Justices, 1946-1963 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1965).
17. David Rohde and Harold Spaeth, Supreme Court Decision Making (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1976).
18. Segal and Spaeth, The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model, 1
19. See Howard Gillman, The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers Jurisprudence (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993);
20. Michael McCann "Causal versus Constitutive Explanations (or, On the Difficulty of Being So Positive. . .)" Law and Social Inquiry 21 (1996): 457-82;
21. and Rogers Smith, "Symposium: The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model," Law and Courts Newsletter 4 (1994): 8-9.
22. See Sotirios Barber, "Normative Theory, the New Institutuionalism, and the Future of Public Law," Studies in American Political Development, 3 (1989) 56-73;
23. and Rogers Smith, "If Politics Matters: Implications for a 'New Institutionalism,'" Studies in American Political Development 6 (1992): 1-36.
24. Richard Posner, "The Decline of Law as an Autonomous Discipline: 1962-1987," Harvard Law Review 100 (1987): 761-80.
25. James March and Johan Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (1984): 734-49.
26. Rogers Smith, "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law."
27. Philip Ethington and Eileen McDonagh, "The Common Space of Social Science Inquiry."
28. Walter Murphy, Elements of Judicial Strategy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964).
29. Epstein, Lee and Jack Knight, "Documenting Strategic Interaction on the U.S. Supreme Court" (presented at the 1995 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago), 4.
30. For further discussion see Paul Brace and Melinda Gann Hall, "Neo-Institutionalism and Dissent in State Supreme Courts," Journal of Politics 52 (1990): 54-70;
31. Melinda Hall and Paul Brace, "Order in the Courts: A Neo-Institutional Approach to Judicial Consensus," Western Political Quarterly 42 (1989): 391-407;
32. Melinda Hall and Paul Brace, "Toward an Integrated Model of Judicial Voting Behavior," American Politics Quarterly 20 (1992): 147-68;
33. Jack Knight and Lee Epstein, "On the Struggle for Judicial Supremacy," Law and Society Review 30 (1996): 87-120;
34. Jeffrey Segal, "Predicting Supreme Court Decisions Probablistically: The Search and Seizure Cases," American Political Science Review 78 (1984): 891-900;
35. and Paul Wahlbeck, Forrest Maltzman, and James Spriggs, "Strategic Choices and the Decision to Join the Majority Opinion," (presented at the Conference on the Scientific Study of Law and Courts, St. Louis 1997).
36. Howard Gillman "The New Institutionalism, Part I."
37. See Susan Burgess, "Beyond Instrumental Politics: The New Institutionalism, Legal Rhetoric, and Judicial Supremacy," Polity 24 (1993): 445-59;
38. Howard Gillman, The Constitution Besieged: The Rise and Demise of Lochner Era Police Powers Jurisprudence;
39. and Rogers Smith, Liberalism and American Constitutional Law. 26.
40. Rogers Smith, "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law."
41. See Karen Orren, "Ideas and Institutions," Polity 28 (1995): 97-102;
42. Phillip Selznick, "Institutionalism 'old' and 'new,'" Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (1996): 270-77;
43. and Rogers Smith, "Ideas, Institutions, and Strategic Choices," Polity 28 (1995): 135-40.
44. Rogers Smith, "Ideas, Institutions, and Strategic Choices," 91.
45. Rogers Smith, "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law."
46. See John Gates, "Theory, Methods, and the New Institutionalism in Judicial Research," The American Courts: A Critical Assessment, ed. John B. Gates and Charles Johnson (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, Inc. 1991);
47. and James Gibson, "The Social Science of Judicial Politics," Political Science: The Science of Politics, ed. Herbert Weisberg (New York: Agathon Press, 1986).
48. Sotirios Barber, "Normative Theory, the New Institutuionalism, and the Future of Public Law."
49. Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923).
50. West Coast Hotels v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937).
51. Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).
52. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
53. Stephen Skowronek, "Order and Change," Polity 28 (1995) 91-96.
54. Martin Shapiro, "Political Jurisprudence, Public Law, and Post-Consequentialist Ethics: Comment on Professors Barber and Smith," Studies in American Political Development 3 (1989): 88-102.
55. Robert Dahl, 1957, "Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker."
56. See Richard Funston, "The Supreme Court and Critical Elections," American Political Science Review 69 (1975): 795-811;
57. William Lasser, "The Supreme Court and Periods of Critical Realignment," Journal of Politics 47 (1985): 1124-87;
58. Martin Shapiro, Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981);
59. and Stewart Sheingold, The Politics of Rights (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974).
60. See James Gibson, "Judges' Role Orientation, Attitudes and Decisions: An Interactive Model," American Political Science Review 72 (1978): 911-24;
61. Sheldon Goldman, Constitutional Law and Supreme Court Decisionmaking (New York: Harper and Row, 1982);
62. Glendon Schubert, The Judicial Mind Revisited: A Psychometric Analysis of Supreme Court Ideology (New York: The Free Press, 1974);
63. and Neal Tate, "Personal Attribute Models of the Voting Behavior of U.S. Supreme Court Justices: Liberalism in Civil Liberties and Economics Decisions, 1946-1978," American Political Science Review 75 (1981): 355-67.
64. Ronald Kahn, The Supreme Court and Constitutional Theory (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1994)
65. See Lee Epstein and Thomas Walker, "The Role of the Supreme Court in American Society: Playing the Reconstruction Game," in Contemplating Courts, ed. Lee Epstein (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1995);
66. William Eskridge, "Overriding Supreme Court Statutory Interpretation Decisions," Yale Law Journal 101(1991): 331-417;
67. John Ferejohn and Charles Shipan, "Congressional Influence on Bureaucracy," Journal of Law Economics and Organization 6 (1990): 1-20;
68. Brian Marks, A Model of Judicial Influence on Congressional Policymaking: Grove City College v. Bel (Working papers in Political Science, P-88-7, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1988);
69. and Pablo Spiller and Rafael Gely, "Congressional Control or Judicial Independence: The Determinants of U.S. Supreme Court Labor-Relations Decisions, 1949-1988," RAND Journal of Economics, 23 (1992): 463-92.
70. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).
71. Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) (emphasis added).
72. Herbert Weschler, "The Political Safeguards of Federalism," Columbia Law Review 54 (1954): 543-52.
73. Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority, 469 U.S. 528, 546 (1985).
74. Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 13 (1973).
75. Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986).
76. Tropp v. Dulles, 356 U.S. 33 (1915).
77. Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S. 319 (1937).
78. Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 503 U.S. 833 (1992).
79. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
80. Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 503 U.S. 833 (1992) (emphasis added).
81. See Cornell Clayton, The Politics of Justice: The Attorney General and the Making of Legal Policy (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1992)
82. and Phillip Elman, "The Solicitor General's Office, Justice Frankfurter, and Civil Rights Litigation, 1946-1986: An Oral History," Harvard Law Review 100 (1987): 817-52.
83. Cornell Clayton, The Politics of Justice, 131.
84. See Richard Funston, "The Supreme Court and Critical Elections";
85. and William Lasser, "The Supreme Court and Periods of Critical Realignment."
86. Bruce Ackerman, We the People (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991).
87. See Howard Gillman, "On Constructing a Science of Judicial Politics," Law and Society Review 28 (1994): 355-76;
88. and Charles Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
89. Rogers Smith, "Political Jurisprudence, the 'New Institutionalism,' and the Future of Public Law."
90. Robert Dahl, "Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National PolicyMaker";
91. and Jeffrey Segal, "Separation-of-Powers Games in the Positive Theory of Law and Courts," American Political Science Review 91(1997): 28-44.
92. Rebecca Mae Salokar, The Solicitor General: The Politics of Law (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992).
93. Lee Epstein, "Interest Group Litigation During the Rehnquist Court Era," Journal of Law and Politics 9 (1993): 639-717.
94. Jeffrey Segal and Harold Spaeth, "The Influence of Stare Decisis on the Votes of U.S. Supreme Court Justices," American Journal of Political Science 40 (1996): 971-1003.