Absolute calibration of radar altimeters: Consistency with electromagnetic modeling

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 771-781

  Caudal, Gérard ^a   Dinnat, Emmanuel ^b   Boutin, Jacqueline ^c  

^a SERVICE D AÉRONOMIE DU CNRS   (France)

^b EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY   (Netherlands)

^c INSTITUT PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATION; ELECTROMAGNETISM; METEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); RADAR SYSTEMS; RAIN; WIND EFFECTS;

ELECTROMAGNETIC MODELING; ELETROMAGNETIC TWO-SCALE QUASI-SPECULAR THEORY; RADAR ALTIMETERS; WIND SPEED;

RADIO ALTIMETERS;

ALTIMETER; CALIBRATION;

EID: 22944457531     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH1743.1     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Anderson, C., and Coauthors, 2000: Study of the impact sea state on nadir looking and side looking microwave backscatter. Final Report to ESA for Contract 12934/98/NL/GD, 43 pp.
2. Anderson, C., J. T. Macklin, C. P. Gommenginger, and M. A. Srokosz, 2002: A comparison of the sea-state sensitivity in empirical and theoretical models of altimeter ocean backscatter. Can. J. Remote Sens., 28, 475-483.
3. Apel, J. R., 1994: An improved model of the ocean surface wave vector spectrum and its effects on radar backscatter. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16 269-16 291.
4. Barrick, D. E., 1968: Rough surface scattering based on the specular point theory. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 16, 449-454.
5. Barrick, D. E., and W. H. Peake, 1968: A review of scattering from surfaces with different roughness scales. Radio Sci., 3, 865-868.
6. Callahan, P. S., C. S. Morris, and S. V. Hsiao, 1994: Comparison of TOPEX/POSEIDON σ° and significant wave height distributions to Geosat. J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C12), 25 015-25 024.
7. Chapron, B., V. Kerbaol, D. Vandemark, and T. Elfouhaily, 2000: Importance of peakedness in sea surface slope measurements and applications. J. Geophys. Res., 105 (C7), 17 195-17 202.
8. Chelton, D. B., and P. J. McCabe, 1985: A review of satellite altimeter measurement of sea surface wind speed: With a proposed new algorithm. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4707-4720.
9. Chelton, D. B., and F. J. Wentz, 1986: Further development of an improved altimeter wind speed algorithm. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (C12), 14 250-14 260.
10. Chelton, D. B., E. J. Walsh, and J. L. MacArthur, 1989: Pulse compression and sea level tracking in satellite altimetry. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 407-438.
11. Chelton, D. B., J. C. Ries, B. J. Haines, L.-L. Fu, and P. S. Callahan, 2001: Satellite altimetry. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences, L.-L. Fu and A. Cazenave, Eds., Academic Press, 1-131.
12. Cox, C., and W. H. Munk, 1954: Statistics of the sea surface derived from sun glitter. J. Mar. Res., 13, 198-227.
13. Cox, C., and W. Munk, 1956: Slopes of the Sea Surface Deduced From Photographs of Sun Glitter. Vol. 6, University of California Press.
14. Dinnat, E. P., J. Boutin, G. Caudal, and J. Etcheto, 2003: Issues concerning the sea emissivity modeling at L band for retrieving surface salinity. Radio Sci., 38, 8060, doi:10.1029/2002RS002637.
15. Donelan, M. A., and W. J. P. Pierson, 1987: Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4971-5029.
16. Elfouhaily, T., B. Chapron, and K. Katsaros, 1997: A unified directional spectrum for long and short wind-driven waves. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C7), 15 781-15 796.
17. Ellison, W., A. Balana, G. Delbos, K. Lamkaouchi, L. Eymard, C. Guillou, and C. Prigent, 1998: New permittivity measurements of sea water. Radio Sci., 33, 639-648.
18. Freilich, M. H., and P. G. Challenor, 1994: A new approach for determining fully empirical altimeter wind speed model functions. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25 051-25 062.
19. Freilich, M. H., and B. A. Vanhoff, 2003: The relationship between winds, surface roughness, and radar backscatter at low incidence angles from TRMM precipitation radar measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 549-562.
20. Gourrion, J., D. Vandemark, S. Bailey, B. Chapron, G. P. Gommenginger, P. G. Challenor, and M. A. Srokosz, 2002: A two-parameter wind speed algorithm for Ku-band altimeters. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 2030-2048.
21. Greco, B., A. Martini, N. Pierdicca, and P. Ciotti, 2000: A novel approach for absolute backscatter calibration of spaceborne altimeters. Proc. IEEE, 5, 2191-2193.
22. Jackson, F. C., W. T. Walton, and D. E. Hines, 1992: Sea surface mean square slope from Ku-band backscatter data. J. Geophys. Res., 97 (C7), 11 411-11 427.
23. Jähne, B., and K. S. Riemer, 1990: Two-dimensional wave number spectra of small-scale water surface waves. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 11 531-11 546.
24. Kudryavtsev, V. N., V. K. Makin, and B. Chapron, 1999: Coupled sea surface-atmosphere model. 2. Spectrum of short wind waves. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (C4), 7625-7639.
25. Lemaire, D., P. Sobieski, and A. Guissard, 1999: Full-range sea surface spectrum in nonfully developed state for scattering calculations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 1038-1051.
26. Robinson, M. C., 2000: ENVISAT calibration and validation plan. ESA Doc. PO-PL-ESA-GS-1092, 55 pp.
27. Taylor, P. K., and M. J. Yelland, 2001: The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 572-590.
28. Valenzuela, G. R., 1978: Theories for the interaction of electromagnetic and oceanic waves - A review. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 13, 61-85.
29. Witter, D. L., and D. B. Chelton, 1991: A Geosat altimeter wind speed algorithm and a method for altimeter wind speed algorithm development. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C5), 8853-8860.
30. Yueh, S. H., 1997: Modeling of wind direction signals in polarimetric sea surface brightness temperatures. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35, 1400-1418.
31. Yueh, S. H., R. Kwok, F. K. Li, S. V. Nghiem, and W. J. Wilson, 1994: Polarimetric passive remote sensing of ocean wind vectors. Radio Sci., 29, 799-814.