From syndicalism to Seattle: Class and the politics of identity

International Labor and Working-Class History

Volumn , Issue 67, 2005, Pages 1-21

  Burgmann, Verity ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

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EID: 22944447425     PISSN: 01475479     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0147547905000013     Document Type: Review

References (144)

1. For example, the ratio of the top twenty percent of the world's income earners as against the poorest twenty percent grew from 30:1 in 1960 to 80:1 in 2000. Jan Pronk, "Globalization: A Developmental Approach," in Global Futures: Shaping Globalization, ed. Jan Nederveen Pieterse (London, 2000), 42.
2. See also United Nations Development Programme, 1996, 13, cited in Kim Moody, Workers in a Lean World. Unions in the International Economy (London, 1997), 54;
3. John Westergaard, Who Gets What? The Hardening of Class Inequality in the Late Twentieth Century (Cambridge, 1995), esp. 161-2, 113-114;
4. Erik Olin Wright, Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis (Cambridge, 1997);
5. Michael Zweig, The Working Class Majority: America's Best Kep Secret (Ithaca, 2000);
6. Dalton Conley ed., Wealth and Poverty in America: A Reader (Malden, 2002);
7. Jeff Borland, Bob Gregory and Peter Sheehan, ed., Work Rich, Work Poor. Inequality and Economic Change in Australia (Melbourne, 2001).
8. For example, Alain Touraine, Michel Wievorka, Francois Dubet, The Workers' Movement, trans. Ian Patterson (Cambridge, 1987), 20, 21.
9. quoted in Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London, 1992), 54-55.
10. Alain Touraine, The Post-Industrial Society: Tomorrow's Social History: Classes, Conflicts and Culture in the Programmed Society (London, 1974), esp. 75-6, 9, 17, 61, 73, 11;
11. Alain Touraine, The Voice and the Eye: An Analysis of Social Movements, (Cambridge, 1981), esp. 13;
12. Jürgen Habermas, "New Social Movements," Telos 49, Fall 1981, esp. 33-5;
13. Claus Offe, "Work: the Key Sociological Category?" in Claus Offe, Disorganised Capitalism: Contemporary Transformations of Work and Politics (Cambridge, 1985), esp. 133-6, 141, 148;
14. Claus Offe, "Challenging the boundaries of institutional politics: social movements since the 1960s" in Changing Boundaries of the Political, ed. Charles S. Maier (Cambridge, 1987), 63-105;
15. Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, "Post-Marxism without Apologies," New Left Review 166 (Nov./Dec. 1987), esp. 103, 106;
16. Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics (London, 1985), esp. 183;
17. Andre Gunder Frank and Marta Fuentes, "Nine Theses on Social Movements," Thesis Eleven 18/19 (1987), 143-65;
18. Karl Werner Brandt, "New Social Movements as a Metapolitical Challenge: the Social and Political Impact of a New Historical Type of Protest," Thesis Eleven 15 (1986), 60-8;
19. Ronald Inglehart, The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics (New Jersey, 1977);
20. Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society (Princeton, 1990), esp. 371-92;
21. Alberto Melucci, Nomads of the Present, Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society (London, 1989);
22. Ferenc Feher and Agnes Heller, "From Red to Green," Telos 59 (Spring 1984), 35-44.
23. Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (Minneapolis, 1984), 36-7.
24. Jean Baudrillard, Symbolic Exchange and Death (London, 1993) 29.
25. Terry Eagleton, The Illusions of Postmodernism (Oxford, 1996), viii.
26. Andrew Milner, Class (London, 1999), 145.
27. Amory Starr, Naming the Enemy: Anti-Corporate Movements Confront Globalization (London, 2000), 31.
28. Nancy Fraser, "Rethinking Recognition," New Left Review 3 (May/June 2000), 107-108.
29. Cecelia Lynch, "Social movements and the problem of globalization," Alternatives 23 (1998), 149.
30. Verity Burgmann, Power and Protest: Movements for Change in Australian Society (Sydney, 1993);
31. Verity Burgmann and Andrew Milner, "Dressed for Success? Economic Rationalism and the New Social Movements in Britain and Australia," Australian Studies 12, 2 (Winter 1997), 46-57.
32. Murray Kane, "The Problems of the Contemporary Labour Movement from the Perspective of Marx's Grundrisse" in The Point of Change: Marxism/Australia/History/Theory, ed. Carole Ferner and Rebecca Pelan (Brisbane, 1998), 220-223.
33. Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Empire (Cambridge, 2000), 138, 142.
34. Kim Moody, Workers in a Lean World: Unions in the International Economy (London, 1997);
35. Jeremy Waddington ed., Globalization and Patterns of Labour Resistance (London, 1999);
36. Ronaldo Munck, "Labour in the Global: Challenges and prospects," in Global Social Movements, ed. Robin Cohen and Shirin M.Rai (New Brunswick, N.J., 2000), 90.
37. Cited in Jeremy Waddington, "Situating Labour Within the Globalization Debate" in Globalization & Patterns of Labour Resistance, ed. Jeremy Waddington (London, 1999), 2.
38. Damian Grenfell, The State and Protest in Contemporary Australia: From Vietnam to S11, PhD. thesis, Monash University (2001), 88.
39. Manuel Castells, The Power of Identity, Vol. II of The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture (Oxford, 1997), 354.
40. Munck, "Labour in the Global: Challenges and prospects," 90-91.
41. Hank Johnston, Enrique Laraña, and Joseph Gusfield, "Identities, Grievances, and New Social Movements" in New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity, ed. Laraña, Johnston, and Gusfield (Philadelphia, 1994), 23.
42. Miguel A. Cabrera, "Linguistic approach or return to subjectivism? In search of an alternative to social history," Social History, 24, 1 (Jan. 1999), 86.
43. Neville Kirk, "History, language, ideas and post-modernism: a materialist view," Social History 19, 2 (May 1994), 235.
44. Patrick Joyce, Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class 1840-1914 (Cambridge, 1991), 9, 14, 16, 21;
45. Patrick Joyce, Democratic Subjects: The Self and the Social in Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1994), 12, 14, 20;
46. Patrick Joyce, "The Return of History: Postmodernism and the Politics of Academic History in Britain," Past and Present 158 (1998), 213, 229;
47. Patrick Joyce, "The End of Social History?," Social History 20, 1 (January 1995), 82;
48. Gareth Stedman Jones, "The Determinist Fix: Some Obstacles to the Further Development of the Linguistic Approach to History in the 1990s," History Workshop Journal 42 (1996), 20.
49. Bryan Palmer, Descent into Discourse: The Reification of Language and the Writing of Social History (Philadelphia, 1990), 64, 86, xiii, 122, 143.
50. See also Bryan Palmer, "Critical Theory, Historical Materialism, and the Ostensible End of Marxism: The Poverty of Theory Revisited," International Review of Social History XXVIII (1993).
51. Castells, The Power of Identity, 69-70.
52. W. H. Mallock, The Limits of Pure Democracy (London, 1918), 280.
53. quoted in Raymond Williams, Culture and Society 1780-1950 (Harmondsworth, 1971 [first published 1958]), 168.
54. Williams, Culture and Society, 318-319.
55. Raymond Williams, "Class, Politics, and Socialism," Towards 2000 (London, 1983), 167.
56. Williams, Culture and Society, 313.
57. Williams, Culture and Society, 314, 312
58. Sean Scalmer, "Truth, Myth and Movement: Labour as a Social Movement in Queensland 1915-1924," B.Ec. Social Sciences Honours Thesis, Department of Government and Public Administration, Sydney University (c.1994), 6.
59. Robert L. Tyler, Rebels of the Woods: the I.W.W. in the Pacific Northwest (Eugene, 1967).
60. IWW, How Capital has Hypnotised Society, Sydney (n.d. [1913-14]), 4, 20, 29;
61. Direct Action, June 24, 1916, 4;
62. J.G. Brooks, American Syndicalism: the I.W.W. (New York, 1969 [first published 1913]), 109-10.
63. Direct Action, January 6, 1917, 1.
64. For elaboration, see Verity Burgmann, Revolutionary Industrial Unionism: The Industrial Workers of the World in Australia (Melbourne, 1995), 130-42.
65. IWW, How Capital has Hypnotised Society, 4, 20-2, 24, 29.
66. Georges Sorel, Reflections on Violence, (London, 1970 [first published 1908]), 105.
67. Sorel, Reflections on Violence, 91.
68. Sorel, Reflections on Violence, 248.
69. Stuart Macintyre, A Proletarian Science: Marxism in Britain 1917-1933 (Cambridge, 1980), 238.
70. Macintyre, A Proletarian Science, 93.
71. Macintyre, A Proletarian Science, 87-8.
72. Quoted in Macintyre, A Proletarian Science, 202.
73. Quoted in Scalmer, "Truth, Myth and Movement," 16-19.
74. Scalmer, "Truth, Myth and Movement," 21.
75. Raymond Williams, Politics and Letters: Interviews with the New Left Review (London, 1981), 377-8.
76. Williams, Culture and Society, 317.
77. Macintyre, A Proletarian Science, 239.
78. Williams, Politics and Letters, 73-4.
79. Raymond Williams, The Long Revolution (Harmondsworth, 1975 [first published 1961]), 349.
80. Williams, The Long Revolution 352-53.
81. Williams, The Long Revolution, 361.
82. Williams, "Class, Politics, and Socialism," 164-5.
83. Williams, "Class, Politics, and Socialism," 171.
84. Williams, Politics and Letters, 373.
85. Raymond Williams, "Britain in the Sixties," Towards 2000 (London, 1983), 32.
86. Touraine, The Voice and the Eye, esp. 13.
87. Frederic Jameson, Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (London, 1991), 54, 417-18.
88. Chris Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle," San Francisco, January 19, 2000, Version 1.4, from 〈ccarlsson@shapingsf.org〉.
89. Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle."
90. William K. Tabb, "After Seattle: Understanding the Politics of Globalization," Monthly Review 51, 10 (March 2000), 2.
91. Kevin Danaher and Roger Burbach, Globalize This! The Battle Against the World Trade Organization and Corporate Rule (Monroe, 2000), 8.
92. Jeff St Clair, "Seattle Diary: It's a Gas, Gas, Gas," New Left Review 238 (1999), 82, 85-6.
93. See David McNally, Another World is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism (Winnipeg, 2002), 13-14;
94. Emma Bircham and John Charlton ed., Anticapitalism: A Guide to the Movement (Sydney, 2001), 340-341. By July 2001 the 200,000 demonstrators in Genoa represented a doubling of the numbers that amassed in Seattle. On March 16, 2002 the media reported 300,000 protesting in Barcelona, and organizers claimed 500,000.
95. Farrago 79, VIII (2000), 21.
96. Kurt Iveson and Sean Scalmer, "Contesting the 'Inevitable': Notes on S11," Overland 161 (2000), 12.
97. Starr, Naming the Enemy, 80, 167.
98. Jackie Smith, "Globalizing Resistance: The Battle of Seattle and the Future of Social Movements," Mobilization 6, 1 (Spring 2001), 1-1910.
99. John Charlton, "Talking Seattle," International Socialism 86 (Spring 2000), 4-10.
100. Http://seattle.indymedia.org.
101. St Clair, "Seattle Diary," 86.
102. Charlton, "Talking Seattle," 15-16.
103. Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle."
104. S11 Alliance, "From Seattle to Melbourne: Stand Up for Global Justice. Why Protest?" Leaflet, 2pp. (Melbourne, 2000), 1.
105. S11 Alliance, "Stand Up for Global Justice and the Environment," Poster (2000),
106. quoted in Grenfell, The State and Protest, 241.
107. S11 Alliance, "Why Protest The World Economic Forum," Leaflet 2pp., (Melbourne, 2000), 1-2.
108. S11 Alliance, "From Seattle to Melbourne."
109. Gaby Bila-Gunther, "Tram ride from S11," Overland 162 (Autumn 2001), 85.
110. S11 Alliance, "From Seattle to Melbourne," 2.
111. Quoted in Weekend Australian July 8-9, 2000, 64-5.
112. Robin Hahnel, "Going to Greet the WTO in Seattle," (http://www.zmag.org/ CrisesCurEvts/Globalism/hahwto.htm).
113. Charlton, "Talking Seattle," 6.
114. Jeff Sparrow, "The Victory at S11," Overland 161 (Summer 2000), 20.
115. Tracey Mier, "The Impact of the Anti-Corporate Globalisation Movement S11," B.P.P.M. Hons thesis, Political Science Department, University of Melbourne (2001), 36.
116. Susan George, "Fixing or Nixing the WTO," Le Monde diplomatique (January 2000) [http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/en/2000/01/07george.]
117. "A Victorious Weekend for the Anti-Globalization Movement in Millau, France" (http://france.indymedia.org);
118. Guardian Weekly July 13-19, 2000, 27.
119. Susan George, "Trading Places," Socialist Review 233 (September 1999), 18.
120. L. R. Maglen, "Australians working in a global economy," Working Paper 39, Centre for the Economics of Education and Training (Melbourne, 2001).
121. Doug Henwood, "Talking About Work" in Rising From the Ashes? Labor in the Age of "Global" Capitalism, ed. Ellen Meiksins Wood, Peter Meiksins, and Michael Yates (New York, 1998), 22;
122. Zweig, The Working Class Majority;
123. Conley ed., Wealth and Poverty in America;
124. Borland et al, ed. Work Rich, Work Poor: Inequality and Economic Change in Australia.
125. Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle."
126. Starr, Naming the Enemy, 77-78;
127. Smith, "Globalizing Resistance," 15;
128. George, "Fixing or Nixing the WTO," 53;
129. Iveson and Scalmer, "Contesting the 'Inevitable,'" 4, 6-7;
130. Jason Gibson and Alex Kelly "Become the Media," Arena Magazine 49 (October-November 2000),10;
131. Trish Stringer, "The Revolution Will Be Televised," Paper presented to the Globalisation Online Conference, July 13-August 10, 2001, Adelaide Research Centre for Humanities & Social Sciences, http//lorde.arts.adelaide.edu.au/ARCHSS/globalisation/tstringer.asp, 4-5, 12;
132. George, "Fixing or Nixing the WTO."
133. Nick Dyer-Witheford, Cyber-Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High-Technology Capitalism (Urbana, 1999), 66.
134. For example, St Clair, "Seattle Diary," 83;
135. Doug Henwood, Left Business Observer (November 30, 1999) (http://www.panix.com/~dhenwood/lbo_about.html);
136. Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle."
137. For example, Gerard Henderson, "Rebels without a common cause, " December 21, 1999 (http://www.smh.com.au/news/9912/07/text/features5.html).
138. Charlton, "Talking Seattle," 17.
139. Grenfell and Lacey, "Media Violence," 9-10.
140. Grenfell and Lacey, "Media Violence," 10.
141. Sparrow, "The Victory at S11," 20.
142. Carlsson, "Seeing the Elephant in Seattle."
143. Grenfell and Lacey, "Media Violence," 9.
144. Poem by Albert Vetere Lannon, Laney College, quoted in Ross Rieder (President of the Pacific Northwest Labor History Association), "Urban Work March 2000" (http://www.members.home.net/pnlha)