Female doctors: From incorporation to discrimination;Mujeres médicas: De la incorporación a la discriminación

Medicina Clinica

Volumn 125, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 103-107

  Arrizabalaga, Pilar ^a,b   Valls Llobet, Carme ^c,d,e,f  

^a HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

^b INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER IDIBAPS   (Spain)

^c CAPS   (Spain)

^d RISG   (Spain)

^e Fundación Galatea   (Spain)

^f Centre d'Anàlisi i Programes Sanitaris CAPS   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BURNOUT; EGYPT; HUMAN; MEDICAL EDUCATION; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL PROFESSION; MENSTRUATION; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PHYSICIAN; REVIEW;

EID: 22944443230     PISSN: 00257753     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1157/13076745     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ehrenreich Barbara. Brujas, comadronas y enfermeras: historia de las sanadoras. Barcelona: Editorial Lasal; 1981.
2. Wynn R. Saints and Sinners: women and the practice of medicine throughout the ages. JAMA. 2000;283:668-9.
3. Estadística de la Enseñanza Superior en España. Base de datos. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadística; 2003.
4. Blumenthal SJ. Critical women's health issues in the 21st century. JAMA. 2000;283:667.
5. Estudi sobre els metges de Barcelona. Servei d'informació col·legial 1997;81:3-16.
6. Rodríguez JA, Bosch JLC. Els metges de Barcelona a l'inici del nou mil·leni. Barcelona: Col·legi Oficial de Metges de Barcelona. Universität de Barcelona; 2004.
7. Goldacre MJ, Davidson JM, Lambert TW. Care choices at the end of the pre-registration year of doctors who qualified in the United Kingdom in 1996. Med Educ. 1999;33:882-9.
8. Sánchez M. Los médicos, cada vez más descontentos. El País, 2 de diciembre de 2003.
9. El médico interactivo. Diario electrónico de la Sanidad. 2002;837. 5 de octubre. [citado 5 Oct 2002]. Disponible en: www.medynet.com
10. Bertakis KD, Helms LJ, Callahan EJ, Azari R, Robbins JA. The influence of gender on physician practice style. Med Care. 1995;33:407-16.
11. Bertakis KD, Franks P, Azari R. Effects of physician gender on patient satisfaction. J Am Med Womens Assoc. 2003;58:69-75.
12. Franks P, Bertakis KD. Physician gender, patient gender, and primary care. J Womens Health. 2003;12:73-80.
13. Roter DL, Hall JA, Aoki Y. Physician gender effects in medical communication: a meta-analytic review. JAMA. 2002;288:756-64.
14. Andersen MR, Urban N. Physician gender and screening: do patient differences account for differences in mammography use? Women Health. 1997;26:29-39.
15. Maheux B, Haley N, Rivard M, Gervais A. Do women physicians do more STD prevention than men? Quebec study of recently trained family physicians. Can Fam Physician. 1997;43:1089-95.
16. Bouchard L, Renaud M. Female and male physicians' attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis: a Pan-Canadian survey. Soc Sci Med. 1997;44:381-92.
17. Mitler LK, Rizzo JA, Horwit SM. Physician gender and cesarean sections. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53:1030-5.
18. Bernzweig J, Takayama JI, Phibbs C, Lewis C, Pantell RH. Gender differences in physician-patient communication. Evidence from pediatric visits. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:586-91.
19. Derose KP, Hays RD, Mc Caffrey DF, Baker DW. Does physician gender affect satisfaction of men and women visiting the emergency department? J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:218-26.
20. Bergman B, Ahmad F, Stewart DE. Physician health, stress and gender at a university hospital. J Psychosom Res. 2003;54:171-8.
21. McMurray JE, Linzer M, Konrad TR, Douglas J, Shugerman R, Nelson K. The work lives of women physicians results from the physician work life study. The SGIM Career Satisfaction Study Group. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15:372-80.
22. Stewart DE, Ahmad F, Cheung AM, Bergman B, Dell DL. Women physicians and stress. J Women's Health Gend Based Medicine. 2000;9:185-90.
23. Lindeman S, Laara E, Hakko H, Lonnqvist J. A systematic review on gender-specific suicide mortality in medical doctors. Br J Psichiatry. 1996;168:274-9.
24. Frank E, Dingle AD. Self reported depression and suicide attempts among U.S. women physicians. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1887-94.
25. Juel K, Mosbech J, Hansen ES. Mortality and causes of death among Danish medical doctors 1973-1992. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:456-60.
26. Linzer M, McMurray JE, Visser MR, Oort FJ, Smets E, de Haes HC. Sex differences in physician burnout in the United States and the Netherlands. Am Med Women's Assoc. 2002;57:191-3.
27. Hawton K, Clements A, Sakarovitch C, Simkin S, Deeks JJ. Suicide in doctors: a study of risk according to gender, seniority and specialty in medical practitioners in England and Wales, 1979-1995. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2001;55:296-300.
28. Molina Siguero A, García Pérez MA, Alonso Gonzalez M, Cecilia Cermeno P. Prevalence of worker burnout and psychiatric illness in primary care physicians in a health care area in Madrid. Aten Primaria. 2003;31:564-71.
29. Martinez de la Casa Muñoz A, Del Castillo Comas C, Magana Loarte E, Bru Espino I, Franco Moreno A, Segura Fragoso A. Study of the prevalence of burnout in doctors in the Health Area of Talavera de la Reina. Aten Primaria. 2003;32:343-8.
30. Frank E, Brogan D, Schiffman M. Prevalence and correlates of harassment among US women physicians. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:352-8.
31. El médico interactivo. Diario electrónico de la Sanidad 2003;892. 28 de mayo. [citado el 4 Jun 2003]. Disponible en: www.medynet.com.
32. Phelan ST. Sources of stress and support for the pregnant resident. Acad Med. 1992;67:408-10.
33. Miller NH, Katz VL, Cefalo RC. Pregnancies among physicians. A historical cohort study. J Reprod Med. 1989;34:790-6.
34. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Rotstein Z, Achiron A, Gabbay U, Achiron R, Barak Y, et al. Pregnancy during residency-an Israeli survey of women physicians. Health Care Women Int. 1999;20:63-70.
35. Frank E, Brogan DJ, Mokdad AH, Simoes EJ, Kahn HS, Greenberg RS. Health-related behaviors of women physicians vs other women in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:342-8.
36. Frank E, Cone K. Characteristics of pregnant vs. non-pregnant women physicians: findings from the women physicians' health study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2000;69:37-46.
37. Ortayli N, Ozugurlu M, Gokcay G. Female health workers: an obstetric risk group. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1996;54:263-70.
38. Women and Science. Statistics and Indicators. En: Ciencia y Sociedad en Europa, [citado 20 Feb 2004]. Disponible en: http://europa.eu.int
39. Bickel J, Clark V. Encouraging the advancement of women. JAMA. 2000;283:671.
40. Wright AL, Schwindt LA, Bassford TL, Reyna VF, Shisslak CM, St. Germain PA, et al. Gender differences in academic advancement: patterns, causes, and potential solutions in one U.S. College of Medicine. Academic Medicine. 2003;78:500-8.
41. Ferris LE, Mackinnon SE, Mizgala CL, McNeill I. Do Canadian female surgeons fell discriminated against as women? Can Med Assoc J. 1996;154:21-7.
42. Carr PL, Ash AS, Friedman RH, Scaramucci A, Barnett RC, Szalaccha L, et al. Relation of family responsibilities and gender to the productivity and career satisfaction of medical faculty. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:532-8.
43. Carr PL, Ash AS, Friedman RH, Szalacha EDM, Barnett RC, Palepu A, et al. Faculty perceptions of gender discrimination and sexual harassment in academic medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:889-96.
44. Convocatorias del programa de promoción y fomento de la investigación biomédica y en ciencias de la salud. Investigación, desarrollo e innovacion. [citado 19 Feb 2004]. Disponible e:n www.isciii.es/publico
45. Padilla M. Sólo el 6% de los Jefes de los centros de investigación son mujeres. El País, 25 de febrero de 2002.
46. Townsend R. El Instituto Tecnológico de Massachusetts admite que margina a las investigadoras. El País, 20 de abril de 2002.
47. El médico interactivo. Diario electrónico de la Sanidad 2002;703. 23 de febrero. [citado 10 May 2002]. Disponible en: www.medynet.com
48. Manyalich M, Cabrer C, Vilardell J, Miranda B. Functions, responsibilities, dedication, payment, organization, and profile of the hospital transplant coordination in Spain in 2002. Transplant Proc. 2003;35:1633-5.
49. Frank E, McMurray JE, Linzer M, Elon L. Career satisfaction of US women physicians: results from the Women Physicians' Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1417-26.
50. Reed V, Buddeberg-Fisher B. Career obstacles for women in medicine: an overview. Med Educ. 2001;35:139-47.
51. Chinchilla MN. El reto de conciliar trabajo y familia. Ideas y debates. La Vanguardia, 14 de Julio de 2002.