Varying protein and starch in the diet of dairy cows. II. Effects on performance and nitrogen utilization for milk production

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 88, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 2556-2570

  Ipharraguerre, I R ^a   Clark, J H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Dairy cow; Gross efficiency of nitrogen utilization; Milk production; Protein

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; GLYCINE MAX; MEDICAGO SATIVA; MICROPUS; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 22944441925     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72932-5     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Abu-Ghazaleh, A. A., D. J. Schingoethe, and A. R. Hippen. 2001. Blood amino acids and milk composition from cows fed soybean meal, fish meal, or both. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1174-1181.
2. Allen, M. S. 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1598-1624.
3. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I, 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.
4. Broderick, G. A. 2003. Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1370-1381.
5. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). 2002. Animal diet modification to decrease the potential for nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Issue Paper, No 21. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, IA.
6. Castillo, A. R., E. Kebreab, D. E. Beever, J. H. Barbi, J. D. Sutton, H. C. Kirby, and J. France. 2001. The effect of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows fed grass silage diets. J. Anim. Sci. 79:247-253.
7. Castillo, A. R., E. Kebreab, D. E. Beever, and J. France. 2000. A review of efficiency of nitrogen utilisation in lactating dairy cows and its relationship with environmental pollution. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 9:1-32.
8. Christensen, R. A., G. L. Lynch, J. H. Clark, and Y. Yu. 1993. Influence of amount and degradability of protein on production of milk and milk components by lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:3490-3496.
9. Cunningham, K. D., M. J. Cecava, T. R. Johnson, and P. A. Ludden. 1996. Influence of source and amount of dietary protein on milk yield by cows in early lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 79:620-630.
10. Dinn, N. E., J. A. Shelford, and L. J. Fisher. 1998. Use of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System and rumen-protected lysine and methionine to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:229-237.
11. Ferguson, J. D., D. K. Beede, R. D. Shaver, C. E. Polan, J. T. Huber, and P. T. Chandler. 2000. Effects of inclusion of a blended protein product in 35 herds in five regions of the country. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1813-1828.
12. Fernandez, J. M., W. J. Groom, Jr., L. P. Tate, Jr., and A. D. Johnson. 1990. Subclinical ammonia toxicity in steers: Effects on hepatic and portal-drained visceral flux of metabolites and regulatory hormones. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1726-1742.
13. Grant, R. J., and S. G. Haddad. 1998. Effect of a mixture of feather and blood meals on lactational performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1358-1363.
14. Huyler, M. T., R. L. Kincaid, and D. F. Dostal. 1999. Metabolic and yield responses of multiparous Holstein cows to prepartum rumen-undegradable protein. J. Dairy Sci. 82:527-536.
15. Hvelplund, T., and J. Madsen. 1996. Protein utilization in ruminants. Pages 83-93 in Proc. 7th Intl. Symp. Prot. Met. Nutr. Vale de Santarem, Portugal. EAAP, The Netherlands. National Institue of Animal Science, Foulum, Denmark.
16. Ipharraguerre, I. R. 2004. Nutritional strategies for optimizing nitrogen utilization by dairy cows. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana.
17. Ipharraguerre, I. R., and J. H. Clark. 2005. Impacts of the source and amount of crude protein on the intestinal supply of nitrogen fractions and performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88(E. Suppl.):E22-E37.
18. Ipharraguerre, I. R., J. H. Clark, and D. E. Freeman. 2005. Varying protein and starch in the diet of dairy cows. I. Effects on ruminal fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients. J. Dairy Sci. 88:2537-2555.
19. Jonker, J. S., R. A. Kohn, and J. High. 2002. Dairy herd management practices that impact nitrogen utilization efficiency. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1218-1226.
20. Kalscheur, K. F., J. H. Vandersall, R. A. Erdman, R. A. Kohn, and E. Russek-Cohen. 1999. Effects of dietary crude protein concentration and degradability on milk production responses of early, mid, and late lactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82:545-554.
21. Kauffman, A. J., and N. R. St-Pierre. 2001. The relationship of milk urea nitrogen to urine nitrogen excretion in Holstein and Jersey cows. J. Dairy Sci. 84:2284-2294.
22. Klausner, S. D. 1993. Mass nutrient balances on dairy farms. Pages 126-129 in Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. Feed Manuf., Syracuse, NY. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
23. Knowlton, K. F., J. H. Herbein, M. A. Meister-Weisbarth, and W. A. Wark. 2001. Nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning in lactating Holstein cows fed different sources of dietary protein and phosphorus. J. Dairy Sci. 84:1210-1217.
24. Kohn, R. A., Z. Dou, J. D. Ferguson, and R. C. Boston. 1997. A sensitivity analysis of nitrogen losses from dairy farms. J. Environ. Manage. 50:417-428.
25. Komaragiri, M. V., and R. A. Erdman. 1997. Factors affecting body tissue mobilization in early lactation dairy cows. 1. Effect of dietary protein on mobilization of body fat and protein. J. Dairy Sci. 80:929-937.
26. Kröber, T. F., M. Kreuzer, M. Senn, W. Langhams, and F. Sutter. 2000a. Lactational and metabolic effects in cows of lysine and methionine added to a ration deficient according to the INRA method. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 53:375-394.
27. Kröber, T. F., D. R. Külling, H. Menzi, F. Sutter, and M. Kreuzer. 2000b. Quantitative effects of feed protein reduction and methionine on nitrogen use by cows and nitrogen emissions from slurry. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2941-2951.
28. Leonardi, C., M. Stevenson, and L. E. Armentano. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:4033-4042.
29. Littell, R. C., G. A. Milliken, W. W. Stroup, and R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. SAS system for mixed models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
30. Lobley, G. E. 2002. Protein turnover - What does it mean for animal production? Pages 1-15 in Proc. Symp. Amino Acids: Meat, Milk, and More. H. Lapierre and D. R. Ouellet, ed. Quebec, Canada. Can. Soc. Anim. Sci.
31. Mäntysaari, P. E., C. J. Sniffen, T. V. Muscato, J. M. Lynch, and D. M. Barbano. 1989. Performance of cows in early lactation fed isonitrogenous diets containing soybean meal or animal by-product meals. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2958-2967.
32. National Research Council. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
33. Noftsger, S., and N. R. St-Pierre. 2003. Supplementation of methionine and selection of highly digestible rumen undegradable protein to improve nitrogen efficiency for milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 86:958-969.
34. Oba, M., and M. S. Allen. 2003. Intraruminal infusion of propionate alters feeding behavior and decreases energy intake of lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr. 133:1094-1099.
35. Rotz, C. A., L. D. Satter, D. R. Mertens, and R. E. Muck. 1999. Feeding strategy, nitrogen cycling, and profitability of dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2841-2855.
36. Santos, F. A. P., J. E. P. Santos, C. B. Theurer, and J. T. Huber. 1998. Effects of rumen-undegradable protein on dairy cow performance: A 12-year literature review. J. Dairy Sci. 81:3182-3213.
37. Santos, J. E. P., J. T. Huber, C. B. Theurer, L. G. Nussio, M. Tarazon, and F. A. P. Santos. 1999. Response of lactating dairy cows to steam-flaked sorghum, steam-flaked corn, or steam-rolled corn and protein sources of differing degradability. J. Dairy Sci. 82:728-737.
38. SAS Institute. 2000. SAS System for Windows. Release 8.1 (TS1 MO). SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
39. Spears, R. A., R. A. Kohn, and A. J. Young. 2003. Whole-farm nitrogen balance on Western dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 86:4178-4186.
40. St-Pierre, N. R., and C. S. Thraen. 1999. Animal grouping strategies, sources of variation, and economic factors affecting nutrient balance on dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 82(Suppl. 2):72-82.
41. Underwood, J. P. 2003. Protein nutrition of dairy cows during the transition period. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Illinois, Urbana.
42. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597.
43. Veerkamp, R. F., G. Simm, and J. D. Oldham. 1995. Genotype by environment interactions: Experience from Langhill. Pages 59-65 in Breeding and Feeding the High Genetic Merit Dairy Cow. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci. Occ. Publ. No. 19. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci., Penicuik, UK.
44. Weigel, D. J., J. P. Elliott, and J. H. Clark. 1997. Effects of amount and ruminal degradability of protein on nutrient digestibility and production by cows fed tallow. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1150-1159.
45. Westwood, C. T., I. J. Lean, J. K. Garvin, and P. C. Wynn. 2000. Effects of genetic merit and varying dietary protein degradability on lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2926-2940.
46. Wildman, E. E., G. M. Jones, P. E. Wagner, R. L. Boman, H. F. Troutt, Jr., and T. N. Lesch. 1982. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics. J. Dairy Sci. 65:495-501.
47. Wohlt, J. E., S. L. Chmiel, P. K. Zajac, L. Backer, D. B. Blethen, and J. L. Evans. 1991. Dry matter intake, milk yield and composition, and nitrogen use in Holstein cows fed soybean, fish, or corn gluten meals. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1609-1622.
48. Wright, T. C., S. Moscardini, P. H. Luimes, P. Susmel, and B. W. McBride. 1998. Effects of rumen-undegradable protein and feed intake on nitrogen balance and milk protein production in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:784-793.
49. Wu, Z., and L. D. Satter. 2000. Milk production during the complete lactation of dairy cows fed diets containing different amounts of protein. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1042-1051.