Frequency measurement of a Sr lattice clock using an SI-second-referenced optical frequency comb linked by a global positioning system (GPS)

Optics Express

Volumn 13, Issue 14, 2005, Pages 5253-5262

  Hong, Feng Lei ^a   Takamoto, Masao ^b   Higashi, Ryoichi ^b   Fukuyama, Yasuhiro ^a   Jiang, Jie ^a   Katori, Hidetoshi ^b,c  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c JAPAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL LATTICES; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; LASERS; MASERS; MEASUREMENTS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; STRONTIUM;

FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT; FUNCTIONAL UNCERTAINTY; INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC TIME; OPTICAL FREQUENCY;

ATOMIC CLOCKS;

EID: 22744447939     PISSN: 10944087     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OPEX.13.005253     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. 1, line with a mode-locked laser," Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3568-3571 (1999).
2. S. A. Diddams, D. J. Jones, J. Ye, S. T. Cundiff, J. L. Hall, J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, and T. W. Hänsch, "Direct link between microwave and optical frequencies with a 300 THz femtosecond laser comb," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5102-5105 (2000).
3. D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, S. T. Cundiff, "Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis," Science 288, 635-639 (2000).
4. J. C. Knight, "Photonic crystal fiber," Nature 424, 847-851 (2003).
5. 19 level," Science 303, 1843-1845 (2004).
6. A. Bartels, S. A. Diddams, C. W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J. C. Hergquist, W. H. Oskay, L. Hollberg, "Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references," Opt. Lett. 30, 667-669 (2005).
7. T. J. Quinn, "Practical realization of the definition of the metre, including recommended radiations of the optical frequency standards (2001)," Metrologia 40, 103-133 (2003).
8. 199Hg' ion," Science 293, 825-828 (2001).
9. E. Peik, B. Lipphardt, H. Schnatz., T. Schneider, Chr. Tamm, S. G. Karshenboim, "Limit on the present temporal variation of the fine structure constant," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 170801 (2004).
10. H. S. Margolis, G. P. Barwood, G. Huang, H. A. Klein, S. N. Lea, K. Szymaniec, and P. Gill, "Hertz-level measurement of the optical clock frequency in a single ion" Science 306, 1355-1358 (2004).
11. G. Wilpers, T. Binnewies, C. Degenhardt, U. Sterr, J. Helmcke, and F. Riehle, "Optical clock with ultracold neutral atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 230801 (2002).
12. C. W. Oates, E. A. Curtis, and L. Hollberg, "Improved short-term stability of optical frequency standards: approaching 1Hz in 1s with the Ca standard at 657 nm," Opt. Lett. 25, 1603-1605 (2000).
13. F. Pereira Dos Santos, H. Marion, S. Bize, Y. Sortais, A. Clairon, and C. Salomon, "Controlling the cold collision shift in high precision atomic interferometry," Phys. Rev. Int. 89, 233004 (2002).
14. H. Katori, "Spectroscopy of strontium atoms in the Lamb-Dicke confinement," in Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology, P. Gill, ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 2002), pp. 323-330.
15. H. Katori, M. Takamoto, V. G. Pal'chikov, and V. D. Ovsiannikov, "Ultrastable optical clock with neutral atoms in an engineered light shift trap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 173005 (2003).
16. M. Takamoto, F.-L. Hong, R. Higashi, and H. Katori, "An optical lattice clock," Nature 435, 321-324 (2005).
17. F. Ruschewitz., J. L. Peng, H. Hinderthur, X. Schaffrath, K. Sengstock, and W. Ertmer, "Sub-kilohertz optical spectroscopy with a time domain atom interferometer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3173-3176 (1998).
18. H. Katori, T. Ido, and M. Kuwata-Gonokami, "Optimal design of dipole potentials for efficient loading of Sr atoms," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 2479-2482 (1999).
19. T. Ido, and H. Katori, "Recoil-free spectroscopy of neutral Sr atoms in the Lamb-Dicke regime," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 053001 (2003).
20. 87Sr in an optical lattice," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 223001 (2003).
21. 2-stabilized Nd:YAG lasers," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48, 532-536 (1999).
22. F.-L. Hong, J. Ishikawa, Y. Zhang, R. Guo, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, "Frequency reproducibility of an iodine-stabilized Zd:YAG laser at 532 nm," Opt. Commun. 235, 377-385 (2004).
23. F.-L. Hong, S. A. Diddams, R. Guo, Z.-Y. Bi, A. Onae, H. Inaba, J. Ishikawa, K. Okumura, D. Katsuragi, J. Hirata, T. Shimizu, T. Kurosu, Y. Koga, H. Matsumoto, "Frequency measurements and hyperfine structure of the R(85)33-0 transition of molecular iodine with a femtosecond optical comb," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 88-95 (2004).
24. F. -L. Hong, A. Onae, J. Jiang, R. Guo, H. Inaba, K. Minoshima, T. R. Schibli, H. Matsumoto, K. Nakagawa, "Absolute frequency measurement of an acetylene-stabilized laser at 1542 nm," Opt. Lett. 28, 2324-2326 (2003).
25. W. Lewandowski, J. Azoubib, and W. J. Klepczynski, "GPS: Primary tool for time transfer," Proc. IEEE 87, 163-172 (1999).
26. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Circular T, No. 200, (August 2004), http://www1.bipm.org/en/scientific/tai/time_ftp.hlml.
27. I. Courtillot, a. Quessada, R. P. Kovacich, A. Brusch, D. Kolker, J.-J. Zondy, G. D. Rovera, and R. Lemonde, "Clock transition for a future optical frequency standard with trapped atoms" Phys. Rev. A 68, 030501 (2003).
28. K. M. Larson and J. Levine, "Carrier-phase time transfer," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr. 46, 1001-1012 (1999).
29. J. Ye, J.-L. Peng, R. J. Jones, K. W. Holman, J. L. Hall, D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. Kitching, S. Bize, J. C. Bergquist, L. W. Hollberg, L. Robertsson, and L.-S. Ma, "Delivery of high-stability optical and microwave frequency standards over an optical fiber network," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1459-1467 (2003).