Change within continuity: The political economy of democratic transition in Mexico

New Political Economy

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 181-202

  Morton, Adam David ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION; DEMOCRATIZATION;

MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; NORTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 22644431555     PISSN: 13563467     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13563460500144736     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. President Vicente Fox Quesada, remarks on accepting the 2001 Democracy Award from the National Endowment for Democracy, Washington DC, 5 September 2001, available at http://www.ned.org
2. All figures are from Mexico & NAFTA Report, 'Fox Wins, Stunning Pollsters and Delighting Supporters and Markets', 11 July 2000 (RM-00-07).
3. As assumed by Andreas Schedler, 'From electoral authoritarianism to democratic consolidation', in: Russell Crandall, Guadalupe Paz & Riordan Roett (eds), Mexico's Democracy at Work: Political and Economic Dynamics (Lynne Rienner, 2005).
4. Thomas Carothers, In the Name of Democracy: US Policy toward Latin America in the Reagan Years (University of California Press, 1991), p. 10.
5. Thomas Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999), p. 147.
6. These are enumerated in arabic numerals at the end of the article, prior to these notes.
7. Jean Grugel, Democratisation: A Critical Introduction (Palgrave, 2002), p. 118.
8. Thomas Carothers, 'The resurgence of United States political development assistance to Latin America in the 1980s', in: Laurence Whitehead (ed.), The International Dimensions of Democratisation: Europe and the Americas, Expanded Edition (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 126.
9. Carothers, In the Name of Democracy, pp. 226-7.
10. Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad, p. 30.
11. Carothers, In the Name of Democracy, pp. 7-8.
12. Grugel, Democratisation, p. 125.
13. Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter & Laurence Whitehead (eds), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy, 4 vols (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986);
14. and Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz & Seymour Martin Lipset (eds), Democracy in Developing Countries, 4 vols (Lynne Rienner, 1989).
15. For the government-university nexus link, see William I. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy: Globalisation, US Intervention and Hegemony (Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 44-5, 392n.49.
16. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (Yale University Press, 1968).
17. Paul Cammack, Capitalism and Democracy in the Third World: The Doctrine for Political Development (Leicester University Press, 1997), p. 37. Original emphasis.
18. Robert A. Dabl, Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (Yale University Press, 1971), pp. 17-32.
19. Juan Linz & Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 7.
20. Larry Diamond, Juan Linz & Seymour Martin Lipset, Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America, vol. 4 (Lynne Rienner, 1989), p. xvi,
21. as cited Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, p. 54.
22. Peter Burnham, 'State and Market in International Political Economy: Towards a Marxist Alternative', Studies in Marxism, No. 2 (1995), pp. 135-59.
23. John Holloway & Sol Picciotto, 'Capital, Crisis and the State', Capital & Class, No. 2 (1977), p. 79.
24. Ellen Meiksins Wood, Democracy Against Capitalism: Renewing Historical Materialism (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 29, 31-6.
25. Hazel Smith, 'Why is there no international democratic theory?', in: Hazel Smith (ed.), Democracy and International Relations: Critical Theory/Problematic Practices (Macmillan, 2000), p. 29.
26. O'Donnell, Schmitter & Whitehead, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, vol. 4, p. 19.
27. Whitehead, The International Dimensions of Democratisation, pp. 8-9, 16-17.
28. William I. Robinson, A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class and State in a Transnational World (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), p. 83.
29. Thomas Carothers, 'The End of the Transition Paradigm', Journal of Democracy, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2002), p. 7.
30. Adam Przeworksi, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 26.
31. Ronaldo Munck, 'After the Transition: Democratic Disenchantment in Latin America', European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, No. 55 (1993), p. 8.
32. George Philip, Democracy in Latin America: Surviving Conflict and Crisis? (Polity, 2003), pp. 197-8.
33. Irene L. Gendzier, 'Play it again Sam: the practice and apology of development', in: Christopher Simpson (ed.), Universities and Empire: Money and Politics in the Social Sciences During the Cold War (New Press, 1998), pp. 57-95.
34. Thomas Carothers, 'The NED at 10', Foreign Policy, Vol. 95 (1994), p. 137.
35. Larry Diamond, 'Winning the New Cold War on Terrorism: The Democratic-Governance Imperative', Institute for Global Democracy, Policy Paper No. 1 (2002).
36. Barry K. Gills, Joel Rocamora & Richard Wilson (eds), Low Intensity Democracy: Political Power in the New World Order (Pluto, 1993), p. 5.
37. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, p. 49.
38. Laurence Whitehead, Democratisation: Theory and Experience (Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 26.
39. The acceptance of polyarchic procedural democracy is also evident in Joe Foweraker, Todd Landman & Neil Harvey, Governing Latin America (Polity, 2003), pp. 35-7, 40.
40. William I. Robinson, 'Promoting capitalist polyarchy: the case of Latin America', in: Michael Cox, G. John Ikenberry & Takashi Inoguchi (eds), American Democracy Promotion: Impulses, Strategies and Impacts (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 313.
41. Antonio Gramsci, 'Republic and Proletariat in France', Il Grido del Popolo [20 April 1918],
42. in Antonio Gramsci, History, Philosophy and Culture in the Young Gramsci, ed. Pedro Cavalcante & Paul Piccone (Telos Press, 1975), pp. 81-2. Original emphasis.
43. Nicos Poulantzas, Political Power and Social Classes, trans. Timothy O'Hagan (New Left Books, 1973), pp. 130-7.
44. Karl Marx, 'Critique of Hegel's Doctrine of the State' [1843], in: Karl Marx, Early Writings, trans. Rodney Livingstone & Gregor Benton (Penguin, 1975), p. 193.
45. Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad, p. 164.
46. Mark Unger, Elusive Reform: Democracy and the Rule of Law in Latin America (Lynne Rienner, 2002).
47. Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad, p. 164.
48. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, p. 111. Emphasis added.
49. Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratisation in the Late Twentieth Century (University of Oklahoma Press, 1991).
50. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, pp. 175-80.
51. Ibid., pp. 223-6, 231-6.
52. Jean Grugel, 'Democratisation Studies Globalisation: The Coming of Age of a Paradigm', British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2003), p. 266.
53. Carothers, 'The NED at 10', p. 137.
54. Octavio Paz, 'The philanthropic ogre' [1979], in: Octavio Paz (ed.), The Labyrinth of Solitude, trans. Lysander Kemp, Yara Milos & Rachel Phillips Belash (Penguin, 1985), pp. 377-98.
55. Barry Carr, 'Labour and the political left in Mexico', in: Kevin J. Middlebrook (ed.), Unions, Workers and the State in Mexico (Center for US-Mexican Studies, 1991), pp. 136-9.
56. Barry Carr, Mexican Communism, 1968-1983: Eurocommunism in the Americas? (Center for US-Mexican Studies, 1985).
57. James D. Cockroft, Mexico's Hope: An Encounter with Politics and History (Monthly Review Press, 1998), p. 265.
58. Joe Foweraker, Popular Mobilisation in Mexico: The Teachers' Movement, 1977-1987 (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 11-12.
59. Kevin J. Middlebrook, The Paradox of Revolution: Labour, the State and Authoritarianism in Mexico (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), pp. 223-4.
60. Denise Dresser, 'Treading lightly without a stick: international actors and the promotion of democracy in Mexico', in: Tom Farer (ed.), Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 316-41.
61. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, p. 100.
62. Sergio Aguayo Quezada, 'El financiamento extranjero y la transicion democrática Mexicana: El caso de Alianza Cívica' [2001], available at http://www.laneta.apc.org/alianza/Conferencia
63. I b i d.
64. I b i d.
65. Although it is noteworthy that a senior NED authority confirmed that the figure in 2000 to Alianza Cívica combine a US$90,000 grant from the NED and a US$156,520 grant initiated by USAID but passed through the National Democratic Institute owing to concerns about 'close ties' to the US embassy (Interview No. 4).
66. Robinson, 'Promoting capitalist polyarchy', pp. 317-8.
67. National Endowment for Democracy, Annual Reports, 2002-2003, availble at http://www.ned.org
68. Alan Lipietz, Mirages and Miracles: The Crises of Global Fordism, trans. David Macey (Verso, 1987), p. 15.
69. Miguel Ángel Centeno, Democracy within Reason: Technocratic Revolution in Mexico (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994), p. 41.
70. Matilde Luna, 'Entrepreneurial interests and political action in Mexico: facing the demands of economic modernisation', in: Riordan Roett (ed.), The Challenge of Institutional Reform in Mexico (Lynne Rienner, 1995), p. 83;
71. and Jonathan Fox, The Politics of Food in Mexico: State Power and Social Mobilisation (Cornell University Press, 1992).
72. Adam David Morton, 'Structural Change and Neoliberalism in Mexico: "Passive Revolution" in the Global Political Economy', Third World Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 4 (2003), pp. 631-53.
73. Nicos Poulantzas, Classes in Contemporary Capitalism, trans. David Fernbach (New Left Books, 1975), p. 73.
74. John Williamson, 'Democracy and the "Washington Consensus"', World Development, Vol. 21, No. 8 (1993), p. 1331.
75. Carothers, 'The End of the Transition Paradigm', p. 11.
76. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from Cultural Writings, ed. David Forgacs & Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, trans. William Boelhower (Lawrence & Wishart, 1985), p. 206.
77. Whitehead, Democratisation, p. 84.
78. Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad, p. 147;
79. and Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, p. 113.
80. Standard & Poor's, 'Mexico: Politics from a Credit Rating Perspective', available at http://www.securitization.net
81. 'Putting the brakes on change', The Economist, 12 July 2003, pp. 46-7.