The house, the street, global society: Latin American families and childhood in the twenty-first century

Journal of Social History

Volumn 38, Issue 4 SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 859-872

  Kuznesof, Elizabeth A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^b Center for Latin American Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22544465262     PISSN: 00224529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jsh.2005.0065     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Nicolas Sanchez-Albornoz, The Population of Latin America: A History (Berkeley, 1974), 115 and 203.
2. Peter Laslett, Karla Osterveen, and Richard M. Smith (eds). Bastardy and its Comparative History (Cambridge, 1980), 17.
3. Elizabeth Kuznesof, "Sexual Politics, Race and Bastard-Bearing in Nineteenth-Century Brazil: A Question of Culture or Power?" Journal of Family History 16:3 (1991): 241-60.
4. Nara Milanich, "Historical Perspectives on Illegitimacy and Illegitimates in Latin America" in Minor Omissions: Children in Latin American History and Society edited by Tobias Hecht (Madison, 2002), 72-101
5. Goode, "World Changes in Family Patterns" in Goody, 371.
6. Roberto da Matta, A cosa e a rua: espaco, cidadania, mulher e morte no Brasil (Rio de Janeiro, 1987), 31-69.
7. E. Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family (London, 1976), pp. 11, 170, 192-96. Also
8. see the discussion in Hugh Cunningham, Children and Childhood in Western Society since 1500 (London, 1995), 8-15.
9. Shorter.
10. Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil (Berkeley, 1992).
11. Manuel L. Carlos and Lois Sellers, "Family, Kinship Structure, and Modernization in Latin America" Latin American Research Review VII:2 (1972),
12. and reference to John Gillin, "Mestizo America" in Most of the World edited by R. Linton, 171-172.
13. Sueann Caulfield, In Defense of Honor: Sexual Morality, Modernity, and Nation in Early Twentieth-Century Brazil (Durham, 2000), 4.
14. Elizabeth Kuznesof and Robert Oppenheimer, "The Family and Society in Nine-teenth-Century Latin America: An Historiographical Introduction" in Journal of Family History 10:3 (1985), 215-234.
15. Gilberto Freyre, The Masters and the Slaves: A Study in the Development of Brazilian Civilization (New York, 1967: English language reprint).
16. Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlan Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
17. Marvin Harris, Town and Country in Brazil (New York, 1956).
18. Robert Redfield, The Folkculture of Yucatan (Chicago, 1941).
19. Elizabeth A. Kuznesof, "Legal and Religious Rights and Responsibilities of Brazilian Childhood: A History (1500-1937)," População e Família 5 (2003): 255-272;
20. Fernando Torres Londono, "A Origem do Conceito Menor" in Mary del Priore (Org), Historia da Crianca no Brasil (Sao Paulo, 1991), 129-145.
21. Silvia Marina Arrom, Containing the Poor: The Mexico City Poor House, 1774-1871 (Durham, NC, 2000) 89.
22. Ronald E. Ahnen, "Democracy and Homelessness in Brazil" in International Perspectives on Homelessness (Westport, 2001), 249.
23. In my 1986 study of Sao Paulo the mean household size for the free population varied between 4.05 in 1765 to 3.76 in 1836. Donald Ramos found a range of 5.2 to 13.1 for households (including slaves) in Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1804-38. The Iguape census of 1835 (which is a sugar producing region in Northeastern Brazil and includes slaves) produced a 7.59 average household size. Elizabeth Anne Kuznesof, Household Economy and urban Development: Sao Paulo 1765 to 1836 (Boulder, 1986), 155-156. Donald Ramos, "City and Country: The Family in Minas Gerais, 1804-1838" Journal of Family History 3:4 (1978), 364.
24. Arlene J. Diaz and Jeff Stewart, "Occupational Class and Female-Headed Households in Santiago Maior Do Iguape, Brazil, 1835" Journal of Family History 16:3 (1991),
25. average based on data cited on page 302. This also agrees with Peter Laslett's findings in the edited collection Household and Family in Past Time (Cambridge, 1972).
26. Kuznesof, Household Economy, 7.
27. Elizabeth Kuznesof, "The Puzzling Contradictions of Child Labor, Unemployment and Education in Brazil" Journal of Family History 23:3 (1998), 229.
28. Oscar Lewis, "An Anthropological Approach to Family Studies" American Journal of Sociology 55(1950): 5:468-475
29. and "Urbanization Without Breakdown: A Case Study" Scientific Monthly: 75 (1952): 31-40.
30. Charles Wagley, "Luso-Brazilian Kinship Patterns: The Persistence of a Cultural Tradition" in Politics of Change in Latin America, edited by J. Mayer and R. Weatherhead (New York, 1964), 188-89.
31. Lisa Peattie, The View From the Barrio (Ann Arbor, 1968), 40-53;
32. Bryan Roberts, Cities of Peasants: The Political Economy of Urbanization in the Third World (Beverly Hills, 1978).
33. Janice Perlman, The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro (Berkeley, 1976).
34. Jo Boyden, "Childhood and the Policy Makers: A Comparative Perspective on the Globalization of Childhood," Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood edited by Allison James and Alan Prout (London, 1990), 191.
35. S. Lobo, A House of My Own: Social Organization in the Squatter Settlements of Lima, Peru (Tucson, AZ, 1982).
36. The Family: Models for Providing Comprehensive Services for Family and Child Welfare (New York, UN Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, November 1, 1984), 2.
37. Judith Ennew, "Parentless Friends: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Networks Among Street Children and Street Youth," in Social Networks and Social Support in Childhood and Adolescence edited by Frank Nestmann and Klaus Hurrelmann (Berlin, 1994), 409-410.
38. Tobias Hecht, At Home in the Street: Street Children of Northeast Brazil (Cambridge, 1998), 4.
39. Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Daniel Hoffman, "Brazilian Apartheid: Street Kids and the Struggle for Urban Space" in Small Wars: The Cultural Politics of Childhood edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Carolyn Sargent (Berkeley, 1998), 358.
40. Ahnen, "Democracy and Homelessness" 241 and 244; Hecht, At Home 101.
41. Matthew C. Gutmann "Mamitis and the Traumas of Development in a Colonia Popular of Mexico City" in Small Wars, 133.
42. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, Ed. Q Hoare and G.N. Smith (New York, 1971), 333 as cited by Gutmann.
43. Hecht, At Home, 78.
44. Ibid. 80-81.
45. Kuznesof, "Puzzling Contradictions", 229-236.
46. Lewis Aptekar, Street-Children of Call (Durham, NC, 1988);
47. Patricia C. Marquez, The Street is My Home: Youth and Violence in Caracas (Stanford, 1999). Tobias Hecht, At Home (Cambridge, 1998).
48. Thomas Sanders, "Brazilian street children: Part I: who they are" UFSI Reports (Indianapolis, 1987), 7.
49. Hecht, At home, 81-82.
50. Ibid., 82 and 88.
51. Hecht, At Home, 198.
52. Adriane Medina Celli, A Geracao da Rua: Um Estudo sobre as Criancas Marginalizadas no Rio de Janeiro (Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 1986), 47.
53. Marquez, 8.