Genetic engineering in agriculture: Who stands to benefit?

Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics

Volumn 13, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 313-327

  Peters, Christian J ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Agri biotech companies; Agriculture; Biotechnology; Existing technologies; Farm crisis; Farmers; Genetic engineering; Hunger; Poverty; Productivity

Indexed keywords

EID: 22544432142     PISSN: 11877863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bennett, J., The Hunger Machine (Polity Press, New York, 1987), pp. 11-44.
2. Bumb, B. L., "Fertilizer supply in Sub-Saharan Africa - an analysis," in T. B. Tshibaka and C. A. Baanante (eds), Fertilizer Policy in Tropical Africa: Workshop Proceedings, Lome, Togo, April 1988 (International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 1990), pp. 137-148.
3. Buresh, R. J., P. C. Smithson, and D. T. Heliums, "Building Soil Phosphorus Capital in Africa," in R. J. Buresh, P. J. Sanchez, and F. Calhoun (eds), Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 1997), pp. 151-192.
4. Cohen, M. J. and D. Reeves, Causes of Hunger, 2020 Brief 19, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC (1995).
5. Crouch, M. L., "Biotechnology Is Not Compatible with Sustainable Agriculture," Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 8(2) (1995), 98-111.
6. Davis, C. G. and M. R. Langham, "Agricultural Industrialization and Sustainable Development: A Global Perspective," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 27(1) (1995), 21-34.
7. Duvick, D. N., "Biotechnology Is Compatible with Sustainable Agriculture," Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 8(2) (1995), 112-125.
8. Falcon, W. P., C. T. Kurien, F. Monckeberg, A. P. Okeyo, S. O. Olayide, F. Rabar, and W. Tims, "The World Food and Hunger Problem: Changing Perspectives and Possibilities, 1974-84," in J. P. Gittinger, J. Leslie, and C. Hoisington (eds), Food Policy: Integrating Supply, Distribution, and Consumption (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1987), pp. 15-38.
9. Food and Agriculture Organization, "FAOSTAT Statistics Database - Agriculture," http://apps.fao.org/cgi-bin/nph-db.pl?subset=agriculture
10. Foster, P. and H. Leathers, The World Food Problem (Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO, 1999).
11. Freebairn, D. K., "Did the Green Revolution Concentrate Incomes? A Quantitative Study of Research Reports," World Development 23(2) (1995), 265-279.
12. Goodman, D. and M. Redclift, "Introduction: The International Farm Crisis," in D. Goodman and M. Redclift (eds), The International Farm Crisis (Martin's Press, New York, 1989), pp. 1-22.
13. Goodman, D. and M. Redclift, "The Farm Crisis and the Food System: Some Reflections on the New agenda," in T. Marsden and J. Little (eds), Political, Social and Economic Perspectives on the International Food System (Gower Publishing Company, Brookfield, VT, 1990), pp. 19-35.
14. Hauck, F. W., Soil Fertility and Fertilizers in West Africa (a paper prepared for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Conference on Coordinated Industrialization in West Africa: Bamako, Mali), New York: United Nations Economic and Social Council (1964).
15. Hauck, F. W., Soil Fertility and Fertilizers in West Africa (a paper prepared for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Sub-regional Meeting on Economic Cooperation in West Africa: Niamey, Niger), New York: United Nations Economic and Social Council (1966).
16. Howeler, R. H., E. Sieverding, and S. Saif, "Practical Aspects of Mycorrhizal Technology in Some Tropical Crops and Pastures," Plant and Soil 100 (1987), 249-283.
17. International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Fertilizer Situation in Africa (Muscle Shoals, AL: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1998).
18. James, C., Global Status of Transgenic Crops in 1997, ISAAA Brief No. 5, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, Ithaca, NY, 1997.
19. James, C., Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1998, ISAAA Brief No. 8, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, Ithaca, NY, 1998.
20. James, C., Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 1999. ISAAA Briefs No. 12, Preview, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, Ithaca, NY, 1999.
21. Lappe, R M. and J. Collins, World Hunger: Twelve Myths (Grove Press, New York, 1986) pp. 47-66.
22. Lappe, R M. and J. Collins, Food First (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1977), pp. 13-16.
23. Makken, R, "Alleviating Fertilizer Policy Constraints to Increased Fertilizer Use and Increased Food Production in West Africa," in A. U. Mokwunye (ed.), Alleviating Soil Fertility Constraints to Increased Crop Production in West Africa (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1991), pp. 1-7.
24. Mellor, J. W., "Global Food Balances and Food Security," in C. K. Eicher and J. M. Staatz (eds), Agricultural Development in the Third World (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1990), pp. 123-139.
25. Norman, D. W., "The Limited Resource Farmer and Africa's Food Production Crisis," in Proceedings of Fertilizer Efficiency Research and Technology Transfer Workshop for Africa South of the Sahara: Douala, Cameroon, January 21-25, 1985 (The Center, Muscle Shoals, AL, 1985), pp. 23-67.
26. Paoletti, M. G. and D. Pimentel, "Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and the Environment," BioScience 46(9) (1996), 665-673.
27. Parish, D. H., "Fertilizers and Sub-Saharan Africa," in Proceedings of Fertilizer Efficiency Research and Technology Transfer Workshop for Africa South of the Sahara: Douala, Cameroon, January 21-25, 1985 (The Center, Muscle Shoals, AL, 1985), pp. 186-200.
28. Pimentel, D., M. S. Hunter, J. A. LaGro, R. A. Efroymson, J. C. Eanders, F. T. Mervis, C. A. McCarthy, and A. E. Boyd., "Benefits and Risks of Genetic Engineering in Agriculture," BioScience 39(9) (1989), 606-614.
29. Pollan, M., "Playing God in the Garden," The New York Times Magazine, October 25, 1998, pp. 44-51, 62, 82, 92.
30. Quinones, M. A., N. E. Borlaug, and C. R. Dowswell, "A fertilizer-based Green Revolution for Africa," in R. J. Buresh, P. J. Sanchez, and R Calhoun (eds), Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 1997), pp. 81-95.
31. Sanchez, P. A., K. D. Shephard, M. J. Soule, R M. Place, R. J. Buresh, A. N. Izac, A. U. Mokwunye, F. R. Kwesiga, C. G. Ndiritu, and P. L. Woomer, "Soil Fertility Replenishment in Africa: an Investment in Natural Resource Capital," in R. J. Buresh, P. J. Sanchez, and R Calhoun (eds), Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa (Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, 1997), pp. 1-46.
32. Snow, A. A. and P. M. Palma, "Commercialization of Transgenic Plants: Potential Ecological Risks," BioScience 47(2) (1997), 86-94.
33. Timmer, C. P., "The Agricultural Transformation," in C. K. Eicher and J. M. Staatz (eds), Agricultural Development in the Third World (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1990), pp. 47-69.
34. Timmer, C. P., W. P. Falcon and S. C. Pearson, Food Policy Analysis (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1983), pp. 19-76.
35. Tubiana, E., "World Trade in Agricultural Products: from Global Regulation to Market Fragmentation," in D. Goodman and M. Redclift (eds), The International Farm Crisis (St. Martin's Press, New York, 1989), pp. 23-45.
36. Tzotzos, G. T. and M. Leopold, "Commercial Biotechnology: Developing World Prospects," in D. Brauer (ed.), Biotechnology. Volume 12: Legal, Economic and Ethical Dimensions (VCH Publishers Inc., New York, 1995), pp. 339-367.
37. Winston, M. L., Nature Wars: People vs. Pests (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997), pp. 136-155.