Rituals of power: Theory, languages, and vernaculars of international relations

Alternatives

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 499-529

  Grovogui, Siba N ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22444452060     PISSN: 03043754     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/030437549802300404     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Stephen R. Graubard, preface to "The Quest for World Order,'" Dœdalus 124, no. 3 (summer 1995): v-xx.
2. The focus of these issues was the future of the state (spring issue, 1995) and the reconstruction of nations and states (summer issue, 1993).
3. Stanley Hoffmann, cited by Graubard, note 1, p. ix.
4. For a discussion of the notion of epistemic community and its applications, see Peter M. Haas, ed., "Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination," International Organization no. 46, 1 (1992): abstract and 3.
5. Graubard, note 1, passim.
6. Ibid., p. vi), passim.
7. For related commentaries, see for instance V. Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1988),
8. Christopher L. Miller, Blank Darkness: Africanist Discourse in French (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985).
9. For an exemplary excavation of the modern political imaginary, see Michael J. Shapiro, Violent Cartographies: Mapping Cultures of War (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997).
10. The discussions concerning the RDA are based upon primary source materials (government reports; parliamentary papers; political reports from the colonies; police reports; and reports, speeches, and articles by African politicians) obtained during research at the National Archives of France and the African Center for Research and Documentation, Paris; the Overseas Archives Center in Aix-en-Provence; and the National Archives of Senegal, Dakar.
11. That larger project is the object of a book manuscript. Its central assumptions on the political aspects and implications of theory and political theorizing (or intellectual inquiry into public languages) remain central to this article.
12. Hedva Ben-Israel has made similar observations in "Nationalism in Historical Perspective," Journal of International Affairs 45, no. 2 (1992): 367-397.
13. J. G. A. Pocock, Politics, Language, and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History (New York: Atheneum, 1971), pp. 15-18, passim.
14. Politics, Language, and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History Ibid., pp. 3-41, passim.
15. Politics, Language, and Time: Essays on Political Thought and History Ibid., p. 12, passim.
16. Graubard, note 1, p. ix.
17. See the contributions by Stanley Hoffmann, "Report of the Conference on Conditions of World Order,'"
18. Raymond Aron, "The Anarchical Order of Power"
19. Emma Rothschild, "What Is Security?";
20. Henry Kissinger, "We Live In an Age of Transition."
21. See Gilles Kepel, "Islamists versus the State in Egypt and Algeria";
22. Jennifer Widner, "States and Stateless in Late Twentieth Century";
23. David Apter, "Democracy for Uganda: A Case for Comparison";
24. V. Y. Mudimbe and Bogumil Jewsiewicki, "Meeting the Challenge of Legitimacy: Post-Independence Black African and Post-Soviet European Studies."
25. Naomi Schor, Bad Objects: Essays Popular and Unpopular (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1995), p. 7, passim.
26. Naomi Schor, Bad Objects: Essays Popular and Unpopular 1995, p. 7, Ibid.
27. Neil Lazarus, "Disavowing Decolonization: Fanon, Nationalism, and the Problematic of Representation in Current Theories of Colonial Discourse," Research in African Literatures 24, no. 4 (1993): 93 and 69-70, passim.
28. Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 5.
29. Schor, note 18, p. 9, passim.
30. See Rothschild, note 16.
31. See, Eric J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire, 1875-1914 (New York: Vintage, 1989), pp. 243-275, passim.
32. Rothschild, note 16, pp. 65-66, 83-85, passim.
33. Uday S. Mehta, "Liberal Strategies of Exclusion," in Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler, eds., Tensions of Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), p. 60, passim.
34. See for instance Tensions of Empire ibid., pp. 59-86.
35. James Lorimer, The Institutes of Law: A Treatise of the Jural Relations of Separate Political Communities (London: Blackwood, 1883).
36. Rothschild, note 16.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., p. 83.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., pp. 88-90, passim.
41. Ibid.
42. See Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse? (London: Zed Books, 1986).
43. Eliane Tonnet-Lacroix defines sensibility as "a certain manner of feeling, reacting, and judging" that is common to individuals who may indeed have different ideological dispositions. Like ideology, sensibility is somewhat emotive and affective. Yet, unlike the former, sensibility is less systematic, more immediate, and spontaneous. Après-guerre et sensibilités litteraires (1919-1924) (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1991), p. 12.
44. Keith L. Shimko, "Realism, Neorealism, and American Liberalism," Review of Politics 54, no. 2 (1992): 281-301.
45. United Kingdom. Parliament, Declaration by United Nations, Treaty Series No. 5, Commons, Cmnd. 6388 (1942): 1.
46. Orin Kirshner, ed., The Brelton \Voods-GATT System: Retrospect and Prospect after Fifty Years (New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1996).
47. See, for instance, Margaret Garritsen de Vries, "The Bretton Woods Conference and the Birth of the International Monetary Fund," in Kirshner, note 39, pp. 3-18, passim.
48. Schor, note 18, pp. 4-5, passim.
49. Catherine Akpo-Vaché, L'AOF et la Seconde Guerre Mondiale (Paris: Editions Karthala, 1996), pp. 194-203, passim.
50. Jean-Pierre Biondi and Gilles Morin, Les Anticolonialistes 1881-1962 (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1992),
51. Ahmed Koulakssis, Le Parti Socialiste et l'Afrique du Nord: de Jaurès à Blum (Paris: Armand Colin, 1991).
52. This colonialist bloc comprised at least one hundred associated civic associations in 1939. By 1945, they had consolidated into fifty-eight private associations, mostly business organizations, patriot groups, and veterans of colonial wars. Charles-Robert Ageron, La decolonisation Française (Paris: Armand Colin, 1994), pp. 106-110.
53. La decolonisation Française Ibid., pp. 110-112, passim.
54. The Brazzaville conference was organized by de Gaulle to fulfill a promise made by France and other imperialist powers to Africans and other subjects to gain their support in defeating Nazism and Fascism. In Brazzaville, General de Gaulle agreed to set the parameters of the postcolonial order in consultation with Africa, in particular to implement colonial self-determination - as opposed to national self-determination. Consistently, France proposed a constitution in 1946 for a putative French Union, uniting the metropolis to its colonies on the basis of new political modalities or dynamics.
55. Biondi and Morin, note 43, pp. 12-18; and Koulakssis, Le Parti Socialiste et l'Afrique du Nord, op. cit., pp. 203-246.
56. Koulakssis, Le Parti Socialiste et l'Afrique du Nord, pp. 203-246. Ibid., both.
57. Koulakssis, Le Parti Socialiste et l'Afrique du Nord, pp. 203-246. Ibid.
58. Akpo-Vaché, note 42, p. 192.
59. See Roberto Campos, "Fifty Years of Bretton Woods," in Kirshner, note 39, pp. 99-105.
60. In addition, Simon Reisman claims that the Final Acts did not include provisions on employment, investment, restrictive business practices, and commodity agreements. The latter point had greater consequences for developing countries and the colonies. Significantly, these agreements failed to establish firm organizational provisions to guarantee multilateral participation in the determination of the future of a global economy. "The Birth of a World Trading System: ITO and GATT," ibid., p. 85.
61. Akpo-Vaché, note 42, pp. 192-203, passim.
62. Ibid., pp. 193-194. See also Gabriel d'Arboussier, "Proposition Concernant le Pourcentage d'Attribution dans la Repartition des Apports du Plan Marshall," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'union Française, no. 40 (1948): 710.
63. Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill & Wang, 1982), pp. 169-227, passim.
64. Koulakssis, note 43.
65. Akpo-Vaché, note 42, pp. 193-194, passim.
66. See, for instance, Gabriel d'Arboussier, "Proposition sur la Reglementation du Domaine Foncier des Territoires d'Outre-mer," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française, no. 53 (1949),
67. and "Avis sur le Project de Decret modifiant la reglementation de l'expropriation en A.O.F.," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française, no. 66-79 (1950), passim;
68. also Lincoln Gordon, "Recollections of a Marshall Planner, "Journal of International Affairs 41, no. 2 (1988): 233-245;
69. John S. Hill, "American Efforts to Aid French Reconstruction between Lend-Lease and the Marshall Plan," Journal of Modern History, no. 64 (1992): 500-524.
70. Gabriel d'Arboussier, "Rapport du Vice-President du R.D.A.," Reunion du Comité de Coordination (Dakar: October 2-3, 1948);
71. see also, Centre de Recherche et de Documentation Africaine, Comité de Coordination du R.D.A., no. 3. 48/br (1948).
72. See Gabriel d'Arboussier, "Propositions Concernant les Attributions de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française," République Française, Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française (June 10, 1948);
73. Ouezzin Coulibaly, "Projet de Loi Portant Ratification du Pacte de l'Atlantique," Journal Officiel, no. 85 (1949);
74. Etienne Djaument, "Autorisation de Ratifier Trois Actes Internationaux," Journal Officiel, no. 54 (1948);
75. Victor Biaka Boda, "Projet de Loi Tendant a Ratifier le Pacte de l'Atlantique, "Journal Officiel, no. 65 (1949);
76. Ruben Um Nyobe, "Conditions historiques du Mouvement de Liberation dans les Pays Coloniaux," in United Nations, Documents, A/C.4 /226/Add.1 (December 22, 1952).
77. See Philippe Dewitte, Les Mouvements Nègres en France: 1919-1939 (Paris: l'Harmattan, 1985), pp. 74-81.
78. See, for instance, Eric J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Program, Myth, Reality 2d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 138.
79. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), pp. 59-98.
80. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics 1977, pp. 59-98. Ibid.
81. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics 1977, pp. 59-98. Ibid., passim.
82. d'Arboussier, note 59; see also, Djaument, note 59; Boda, note 59.
83. Djaument, note 59, p. 1694.
84. d'Arboussier, "Avis sur le Projet de Decret Modifiant la Réglementation de l'Expropriation en A.O.F.," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française, nos. 66-69 (1950): 1465.
85. d'Arboussier, "Proposition tendant a la Reglementation des Mesures relatives a l'Ordre Public," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française (1948): 289.
86. d'Arboussier, note 59: 487.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid., 488.
89. Fred Marte, Political Cycles in International Relations (Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1994), pp. 49-141, passim.
90. See, Victor Biaka Boda, note 59.
91. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, Constance Farrington, trans. (New York: Grove, 1963), pp. 148-205.
92. d'Arboussier, note 59.
93. Lazarus, note 20, pp. 69-70, passim.
94. Coulibaly, note 59.
95. d'Arboussier, "Proposition concernant les Evénements de Bouafflé et de Bouaké," Annales de l'Assemblée de l'Union Française, nos. 11-13 (1950).
96. For instance, to counter a perceived French ill-will and lack of imagination, Djaument insisted on a distinction between goodwill ("to entertain the friendship of Europeans") and the duty to uphold one's right ("to apply the constitution"). Djaument, "Application de la Constitution dans les Territoires d'Outre-Mer," République Française, Conseil de la République, Journal Officiel, no. 49 (1948): 1694.
97. Coulibaly, note 59.