The distribution matters: Two types of sample-size tasks

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 281-301

  Sedlmeier, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADERBORN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Frequency tasks; Sample size; Sampling distribution tasks; Statistical reasoning

Indexed keywords

EID: 22444451939     PISSN: 08943257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(1998120)11:4<281::AID-BDM302>3.0.CO;2-U     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Apple Computer, Inc. Macintosh Common Lisp Reference. Cupertino, CA, 1992.
2. Bar-Hillel, M. The role of sample size in sample evaluation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 24 (1979), 245-257.
3. Cohen, J. Things I have learned (so far)', American Psychologist, 45 (1990), 1304-1312.
4. Daston, L. Classical Probability in the Enlightenment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
5. DuCharme, W. M. and Peterson, C. R. 'Proportion estimation as a function of proportion and sample size', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81 (1964), 536-541.
6. Erlick, D. E. 'Absolute judgments of discrete quantities randomly distributed over time', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67 (1969), 475-482.
7. Evans, J. St B. T. 'On the problems of interpreting reasoning data: Logical and psychological approaches', Cognition, 1 (1972), 373-384.
8. Evans, J. St B. T. and Dusoir, A. E. 'Proportionality and sample size as factors in intuitive statistical judgement', Acta Psychologica, 41 (1977), 129-137.
9. Evans, J. St, B. T. and Pollard, P. 'Intuitive statistical inference about normally distributed data', Acta Psychologica, 60 (1985), 57-71.
10. Fiedler, K. 'Explaining and simulating judgment biases as an aggregation phenomenon in probabilistic, multiplecue environments', Psychological Review 103 (1996), 193-214.
11. Freedman, D., Pisani, R., Purves, R. and Adhikari, A. Statistics (2nd edn), New York: Norton, 1991.
12. Freudenthal, H. The "empirical law of large numbers" or "the stability of frequencies"', Educational Studies in Mathematics, 4 (1972), 484-490.
13. Gigerenzer, G. 'On narrow norms and vague heuristics: A reply to Kahneman and Tversky (1996)', Psychological Review, 103 (1996), 592-596.
14. Grossberg, S. 'Adaptive pattern classification and universal receding, I: Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors', Biological Cybernetics, 23 (1976), 121-134.
15. Hilton, D. J. The social context of reasoning: Conversational inference and rational judgment,' Psychological Bulletin, 118 (1995), 248-271.
16. Hintzman, D. L. 'Apparent frequency as a function of frequency and the spacing of repetitions', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 80 (1969) 139-145.
17. Irwin, F. W., Smith, A. S. and Mayfield, J. F. Tests of two theories of decision in an "expanded judgment" situation', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51 (1956), 221-268.
18. Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. 'Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness', Cognitive Psychology, 3(1972), 430-454.
19. Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. 'On the reality of cognitive illusions', Psychological Review, 103 (1996), 582-591.
20. Loftus, G. R. 'A picture is worth a thousand p values: On the irrelevance of hypothesis testing in the microcomputer age', Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 25 (1993), 250-256.
21. Murray, J., Iding, M., Farris, H. and Revlin, R. 'Sample-size salience and statistical inference', Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 25 (1987), 367-369.
22. Nisbett, R. E., Krantz, D. H., Jepson, C. and Kunda, Z. 'The use of statistical heuristics in everyday inductive reasoning', Psychological Review, 90 (1983), 339-363.
23. Peterson, C. R., DuCharme, W. M. and Edwards, W. 'Sampling distributions and probability revision', Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76 (1968), 236-243.
24. Rosenthal, R. and Rosnow, R. L. Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and data analysis (2nd edn), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
25. Rosnow, R. L. Rosenthal, R. 'Computing contrasts, effect sizes, and counternulls on other people's published data: General procedures for research consumers', Psychological Methods, 1, (1996), 331-340.
26. Rumelhart, D. E. and Zipser, D. 'Feature discovery by competitive learning', Cognitive Science, 9 (1985), 75-112.
27. Schmidt, F. L. 'Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology: Implications for training of researchers', Psychological Methods, 115 ( 1996), 115-129.
28. Sedlmeier, P. 'Jenseits des Signifikanztest-Rituals: Ergänzungen und Alternativen' (Beyond the ritual of significance testing: Alternative and supplementary methods). Methods of Psychological Research-online, 1 (1996). [http://www.hsp.de/MPR/issue1/index.html].
29. Sedlmeier, P. Improving Statistical Thinking. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, in press.
30. Sedlmeier, P. and Gigerenzer, G. 'Intuitions about sample size: The empirical law of large numbers', Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 10 (1997), 33-51.
31. Sedlmeier, P., Hertwig, R. and Gigerenzer, G. 'Are judgments of letter frequencies systematically biased due to availability?' Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 24 (1998), 754-770.
32. Shanks, D. R. 'Is human learning rational?' The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A (1995), 257-279.
33. Swieringa, R., Gibbins, M., Larsson, L. and Sweeney, J. L. 'Experiments in the heuristics of human information processing', Journal of Accounting Research, 4 (1976) (Suppl.), 159-187.
34. Tukey, J. W. Exploratory Data Analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977.
35. Well, A. D., Pollatsek, A. and Boyce, S. J. 'Understanding the effects of sample size on the variability of the mean', Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47 (1990), 289-312.