Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants in Aliphatic Nylons

ACS Symposium Series

Volumn 797, Issue , 2001, Pages 214-227

  Levchik, Sergei V ^a   Levchik, Galina F ^b   Murashko, Elena A ^b  

^a Expert Capability Group Process Technology   (United States)

^b BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (Belarus)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2242493702     PISSN: 00976156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1021/bk-2001-0797.ch017     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Huggard, M.T. In Pros. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 1995.
2. Bordero, S. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 1993.
3. Weil, E.D. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 2000.
4. Bonin, Y.; LeBlanc, J. to Rhone-Poulenc, US Patent 4921896, 1990.
5. Bonin Y.; LeBlanc, J. to Rhone-Poulenc, US Patent 4985485, 1991.
6. Steiert, P.; Weiss, H.-P.; Plachetta, C.; Baierweck, P.; Muehlbach, K.; Gareiss, B. to BASF, US Patent 5049599, 1991.
7. Steiert, P.; Weiss, H.-P.; Plachetta, C.; Baierweck, P.; Muehlbach, K.; Gareiss, B. to BASF, US Patent 5135971, 1992.
8. Huggard, M.T. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 1992.
9. Muehlbach, K.; Steiert, P.; Vogel, W.; Kurps A. to BASF, US Patent 5260359, 1993.
10. Gareiss, B.; Klatt, M.; Gorrissen H. to BASF, PCT Patent Application WO98/23676, 1998.
11. Bonin, Y.; LeBlanc, J. to Rhone-Poulenc, US Patent 5466741, 1995.
12. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik S.V.; Camino, G.; Weil, E.D. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers. The Use of Intumescence, Le Bras M.; Camino, G.; Bourbigot, S.; Delobel, R., Eds. The Royal Soc. Chem. Publ.: London, 1998, pp 304-315.
13. Moriwaki, T. to Kishimoto Sangyo, European Patent Application, EP 0592942, 1998.
14. Klatt, M.; Grutke, S.; Heitz, T.; Rauschenberger, V.; Plesnivy, T.; Wolf, P.; Wuensch, J.; Fischer, M. to BASF, PCT Patent Application WO 98/36022, 1998.
15. Kodolov, V.I.; Knyazeva, L.F.; Hramavaya, G.S.; Mihailov, V.I.; Povstugar, V.I.; Kibenko V.D. Plast Massy 1985 (11), 56-57.
16. Kodolov V.I.; Mikhailov V.I.; Larionov K.I.; Tyurin S.A. In Proc. 2nd Beijing Int. Symp./Exhibit. Flame Retardants, Beijing, 1993, pp 381-386.
17. Bulgakov, V.K.; Kodolov, V.I.; Lipanov, A.M. Modeling of Combustion of Polymeric Materials, Khimiya: Moscow, 1990, p 205 (in Russian).
18. Kibenko V.D.; Kodolov V.I.; Dorfman A.M.; Elanskii A.V.; Vasiljev V.A. In Proc. 2nd Beijing Int. Symp./Exhibit. Flame Retardants, Beijing, 1993, pp 33-37.
19. Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Balabanovich, A.I.; Camino, G.; Costa, L. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 54, 217-222.
20. Levchik, G.F.; Vorobyova, S.A.; Gorbarenko, V.V.; Levchik, S.V. J. Fire Sci., 2000, 18, 172-182.
21. Kuper, G.; Hormes, J. Sommer, K. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1994, 195, 1741-1753.
22. Levchik, S.V.; Costa, L.; Camino, G. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1992, 36, 229-237.
23. Levchik, S.V.; Costa, L.; Camino, G. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1994, 43, 43-54.
24. Levchik, S.V.; Costa, L.; Camino, G., Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1992, 36, 31-42.
25. Levchik, S.V.; Camino, G.; Costa, L.; Levchik, G.F. Fire Mater. 1995, 19, 1-10.
26. Levchik, S.V. Vestn. Belar. Univers. Ser. Khim. Biolog. Geogr. 1998, (1), 3-13.
27. Lesnikovich, A.I.; Bogdanova, V.V.; Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F., In Chemical Problems of Development of New Materials and Technologies, Sviridov, V.V. Ed., Belgosuniversitet: Minsk, 1998, pp 145-168.
28. Levchik, S.V.; Weil, E.D.; Lewin, M., Polym. Int., 1999, 48, 532-557.
29. Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Selevich, A.F.; Camino, G.; Costa, L., In Proc. 2nd Beijing Int. Symp./Exibit. Flame Retardants, Beijing, 1993, pp 197-202.
30. Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Camino, G.; Costa, L. J. Fire Sci. 1995, 13, 43-58.
31. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 54, 361-363.
32. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Dokl. AN Belarusi 1996, 40 (5) 74-77.
33. Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Camino, G.; Costa, L.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Fire Mater. 1996, 20, 183-190.
34. Levchik, G.F.; Selevich, A.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Thermochim. Acta 1994, 239, 41-49.
35. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Sachok, P.D.; Selevich, A.F.; Lyakhov, A.S.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Thermochim. Acta, 1995, 257, 117-125.
36. Selevich, A.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Lyakhov, A.S.; Levchik, G.F.; Catala, J.-M. J. Solid State Chem. 1996, 125, 43-46.
37. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Selevich, A.F; Lesnikovich, A.I.; Lutsko, A.V. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers. The Use of Intumescence, Le Bras M.; Camino, G.; Bourbigot, S.; Delobel, R., Eds. The Royal Soc. Chem. Publ.: London, 1998 p.280-289.
38. Weil, E.D. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 1994.
39. Weil, E.D.; Choudhary, V. J. Fire Sci. 1995, 13, 104-126.
40. Weil, E.D. Plast. Compound. 1994, May/June, 31-39.
41. Martens, M.M.; Kasowski, R.V. to Du Pont, US Patent 5618865, 1997.
42. Martens, M.M.; Kasowski, R.V.; Cosstick, K.B.; Penn, R.E. to Du Pont, US Patent 5708065, 1998.
43. Kasowski, R.V. to Du Pont, US Patent 5859099, 1999.
44. Kasowski, R.V.; Martens, M.M. to Du Pont, PCT Patent Application WO 98/45364, 1998.
45. Kasowski, R.V. to Du Pont, PCT Patent Application WO 99/46250, 1999.
46. Boelens, C.; Grabnex, R. In Proc. Conf. Recent Andv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater., Stamford, CT, 1999.
47. Horino, M.; Watanabe, N. to Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics, European Patent Application EP 0881264, 1998.
48. Weil, E.D.; Zhu, W. In Fire and Polymers II. Materials and Tests for Hazard Prevention, Nelson, G.L. Ed.; ACS Symposium Series: Washington, DC, Vol. 599, 1995, pp 199-216.
49. Levchik, S.V.; Balabanovich, A.I.; Levchik, G.F.; Costa, L. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater. Stamford, CT 1996.
50. Levchik, S.V.; Balabanovich, A.I.; Levchik, G.F.; Costa, L. Fire Mater. 1997, 27, 75-83.
51. Weil, E.D.; Patel, N.G. to Stamicarbon, US Patent 4946885, 1990.
52. Gareiss, B.; Schneider, H.-M.; Weber, M. to BASF, German Patent, DE 19615230, 1997.
53. Weil, E.D.; Patel, N.; Huang, C.-H. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater. Stamford, CT, 1993.
54. Weil, E.D.; Patel, N.; Huang, C.-H.; Zhu, W. In Proc. 2nd Beijing Int. Symp./Exhibit. Flame Retardants, Beijing, 1993, pp 285-290.
55. Weil, E.D.; Patel, N.G. Fire Mater. 1994, 18, 1-7.
56. Costa, L.; Catala J.-M.; Gibov, K.M.; Levchik, S.V.; Khalturinskii, N.A. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers. The Use of Intumescence, Le Bras, M.; Camino, G.; Bourbigot. S.; Delobel, R., Eds.; The Royal Soc. of Chem. Publ.: London, 1998, p.76-87.
57. Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Lesnikovich, A.I. Dokl. AN Belarusi, 1999, 43 (1), 53-56.
58. Balabanovich, A.I.; Schnabel, W.; Levchik, G.F.; Levchik, S.V.; Wilkie, C.A. In Fire Retardancy of Polymers. The Use of Intumescence, Le Bras, M.; Camino, G.; Bourbigot. S.; Delobel, R., Eds.; The Royal Soc. of Chem. Publ.: London, 1998, pp 236-251.
59. Balabanovich, A.I.; Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Schnabel, W.; Wilkie, C.A. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 1999, 64, 191-195.
60. Levchik, S.V.; Levchik, G.F.; Balabanovich, A.I.; Weil E.D.; Klatt, M. Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1999, 264, 48-55.
61. Weil, E.D. In Improved Fire- and Smoke-Resistant Materials for Commercial Aircraft Interiors, National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1995, pp 129-150.
62. Poisson, P.; Rivas, N.; Deloy, P. to Atochem, US Patent 4879327, 1989.
63. Lomakin, S.M.; Usachev, S.V.; Koverzanova, E.V.; Ruban, L.V.; Kaligina, I.G.; Zaikov, G.E. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater. Stamford, CT, 1999.
64. Taubitz, C.; Gausepohl, H.; Rochlke, K. to BASF, US Patent 4866114, 1989.
65. Fuhr, K.; Muller, F.; Ort, K.-H.; Al-Sayed, A.; Muller, P.-R.; Wanddel, M. to Bayer, US Patent 5021488, 1991.
66. Fuhr, K.; Muller, F.; Ort. K.-H.; Al-Sayed, A.; Muller, P.-R.; Wanddel, M. to Bayer, US Patent 5102931, 1992.
67. Ostlinning, E.; El Sayed, A.; Sommer, K.; Frohlen, H.G. to Bayer, US Patent 5242960, 1993.
68. Sandler, S.R. to Pennwalt, US Patent 4208321, 1980.
69. Sandler, S.R. to Pennwalt, US Patent 4208322, 1980.
70. Kleiner, H.-J.; Budzinsky, W.; Kirsch, G. to Hoechst, European Patent Application, EP 0794191, 1997.
71. Jenewein, E.; Nass, B. to Clariant, European Patent Appl., EP 0899296, 1999.
72. Nass, B.; Wanzke, W. to Clariant, European Patent Appl., EP 0896023, 1999.
73. Kleiner, H.-J.; Budzinsky, W.; Kirsch, G.; to Ticona, US Patent 5773556, 1998.
74. Kleiner, H.-J.; Budzinsky, W. to Ticona, PCT Patent Application, WO 98/39381, 1998.
75. Hulskotte, R. to DSM, PCT Patent Application, WO 99/02606, 1999.
76. Rieckert, H.; Dietrich, J.; Keller, H. German Patent, DE 19711523, 1998.
77. Asrar, J. to Solutia, US Patent 5750603, 1998.
78. Asrar, J. to Solutia, PCT Patent Application WO 98/54248, 1998.
79. Green, J. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. in Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater. Stamford, CT, 1992.
80. Huggard, M.T. In Proc. Conf. Recent Adv. Flame Retardancy Polym. Mater. Stamford, CT, 1994.
81. Klatt, M.; Heitz, T.; Gareiss, B. to BASF, PCT Patent Application WO 98/11160, 1998.
82. Zubkova, N.S.; Tyuganova, M.A.; Mihailova, E.D.; Duderov, N.G. Khim. Volokna 1992 (5), 39-40.
83. Kakegawa, J.; Takayama, S. to Asahi, US Patent 5455292, 1995.
84. Gilleo, K.B. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Develop. 1974, 13, 139-143.
85. Wharton, R.K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1982, 27, 3193-3197.
86. Levchik, S.V., Costa, L.; Camino, G. Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 1993, 74, 95-99.
87. Grassie, N.; Perdomo Mendoza, G.A. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 1985, 11, 145-166.
88. Grassie, N.; Zulfiqar, M., In Developments in Polymer Stabilization, Scott, G. Ed.; Appl. Sci. Publ.: London, 1979, Vol.1, pp 1-43