The development of volcanic hosted massive sulfide and barite-gold orebodies on Wetar Island, Indonesia

Mineralium Deposita

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 76-99

  Scotney, Philip M ^a,e   Roberts, Stephen ^a   Herrington, Richard J ^b   Boyce, Adrian J ^c   Burgess, Ray ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^c SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^e WRG   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Banda Arc; Barite; Gold; Massive sulfide; Submarine hydrothermal systems

Indexed keywords

GOLD; MASSIVE SULFIDE; ORE BODY;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; INDONESIA; SOUTHEAST ASIA; WORLD;

GLOBIGERINA;

EID: 22344444081     PISSN: 00264598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00126-005-0468-x     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. PS Abadi 1996 Mine planning at Kali Kuning pit, PT Unpublished Company Report Prima Lirang Mining Indonesia 8
2. Abbott MJ, Chamalaun FH (1981) Geochronology of some Banda arc volcanics. In: Barber AJ, Wiryosujono S (eds) Geology and Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia. Geological Research and Development Centre Special Publication 2:253-268
3. Allen RL, Weihed P, Svenson S-A (1996) Setting of Zn-Cu-Au-Ag Massive sulfide deposits in the evolution and facies architecture of a 1.9-Ga marine volcanic arc, Skellefte district, Sweden. Econ Geol 91:1022-1053
4. Arribas A Jr (1995) Characteristics of high-sulfidation epithermal deposits and their relation to magmatic fluid: In: Magmas, fluids and ore deposits, Thompson JFH (eds) Mineral Assoc Can Short Course Vol 23:419-454
5. Audley-Charles MG (1986) Timor-Tanimbar Trough, the foreland basin of the evolving Banda orogen. Spec Publ Intern Assoc Sedim 8:91-102
6. Audley-Charles MG (1986b) Rates of Neogene and Quaternary tectonic movements in the southern Banda Arc based on micropalaeontology. J Geol Soc London 143:161-175
7. Billstrom K, Weihed P (1996) Age and provenance of host rocks and ores in the Paleoproterozoic Skellefte District, Northern Sweden. Econ Geol 91:1054-1072
8. Bischoff JL, Pitzer KS (1985) Phase relations and adiabats in boiling seafloor geothermal systems. Earth Planet Sci Lett 75:327-338
9. Bodnar RJ (1993) Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H 2 O-NaCl solutions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:683-684
10. 2O-NaCl fluid inclusions. In: De Vivo B and Frezzotti ML (eds) Fluid inclusions in minerals, methods and applications. IMA 94 short course on fluid inclusions. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, pp 117-130
11. Breen NA, Silver EA (1989) The Wetar back-arc thrust belt, eastern Indonesia. The effect of accretion against an irregularly shaped arc. Tectonics 8:85-98
12. Chiba H, Uchiyama N, Teagle, DAT (1998) Stable isotope study of anyhydrite and sulfide minerals at the TAG hydrothermal mound, Mid Atlantic Ridge, 26̊N. In: Herzig PM, Humphris SE, Miller, DJ, Zeirenberg RA (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results 158(6):85-90
13. Claypool GE, Hosler WT, Kaplan IR, Sakai H, Zak I (1980) The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulfate and their mutual interpretation. Chem Geol 28:199-260 10.1016/0009-2541(80)90047-9
14. Cline JS (2001) Timing of gold and arsenic sulfide mineral deposition at the Getechell Carlin-type gold deposit, north-central Nevada. Econ Geol 96:75-89
15. Coleman ML, Moore MP (1978) Direct reduction of sulfates to sulfur dioxide for isotopic analysis. Anal Chem 50:1594-1595
16. Cook NJ, Chryssoulis SL (1990) Concentration of invisible gold in the common sulfides. Can Mineral 28:1-16 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXksVeqtLg%3D
17. De Hoog JCM, Taylor BE, van Bergen MJ (2001) Sulfur isotope systematics of basaltic lava from Indonesia, implications for the sulfur cycle in subduction zones. Earth Planet Sci Lett 189:237-252
18. De Roever EWF (1991) Characterisation of the mercury bearing phases in the main ore types of the Lerokis gold-silver deposits. Unpublished Company Report, Indonesia 26 p
19. De Smet MEM, Fortuin AR, Tjokrosapoetro S, Van Hinte JE (1989) Late Cenozoic vertical movements of the non-volcanic islands in the Banda Arc area. Neth J Sea Res 24:263-275
20. Delaney JR, Cosens BA (1982) Boiling and metal deposition in submarine hydrothermal systems. Mar Technol Soc J 16:62-66
21. Elberg MA, van Bergen M, Hoogewerff J, Foden J, Vroon P, Zulkarnain I, Nasution A (2002) Geochemical trends across an arc-continent collision zone: Magma sources and slab-wedge transfer processes below the Pantar Strait volcanoes, Indonesia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:2771-2789
22. C Farmer M Clifford 1993 Exploration status, Unpublished Company Report Wetar Island Indonesia 11
23. Farrell C, Holland HD, Petersen U (1978) The isotopic composition of strontium in barites and anhydrites from Kuroko deposits. Mining Geol 28:281-291
24. Fouquet Y, von Stakelberg U, Charlou JL, Erzinger J, Herzig PM, Mühe R, Wiedicke M (1993) Metallogenesis in back-arc environments, the Lau Basin example. Econ Geol 88:2154-2181 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXit1alsLo%3D
25. Genrich J, Bock Y, McCaffrey R, Calais E, Stevens C (1994) Kinematics of the eastern Indonesian island arc estimated by global positioning system measurements. EOS Abst 75:162
26. Goodfellow WD, Franklin JM (1993) Geology, mineralogy and chemistry of sediment-hosted clastic massive sulfides in shallow core, Middle Valley, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Econ Geol 88:2037-2069
27. Halbach P, Wahsner M, Kaselitz L, Sakai H, Hein U (1989) The Jade hydrothermal field in the Okinawa Trough-first discovery of massive sulphides in an intercontinental back-arc basin. In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Water - Rock Interaction, pp 279-283
28. Halbach P, Pracejus B, Marten A (1993) Geology and mineralogy of massive sulphide ores from the Central Okinawa Trough, Japan. Econ Geol 88: 2210-2225
29. Hall AJ, Boyce AJ, Fallick AE, Hamilton PJ (1991) Isotopic evidence of the depositional environment of Late Proterozoic stratiform barite mineralisation, Aberfeldy, Scotland. Chem Geol 87:99-114
30. Hamilton W (1979) Tectonics of the Indonesian region. U S Geol Surv Prof Pap 1078:1-345
31. Hannington MD, Scott SD (1988) Mineralogy and geochemistry of a hydrothermal silica-sulfide-sulfate spire in the caldera of axial seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Can Miner 26:603-626
32. Hannington MD, Scott SD (1989) Sulfidation equilibria as guides to gold mineralization in volcanogenic massive sulfides. Evidence from sulfide mineralogy and the composition of sphalerite. Econ Geol 84:1978-1995
33. Hannington MD, Peter JM, Scott SD (1986) Gold in sea floor polymetallic sulfide deposits. Econ Geol 81:1867-1883
34. Hannington MD, Poulsen KH, Thompson JFH, Sillitoe RH (1999) Volcanogenic gold in the massive sulfide environment. Volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits, processes and examples in modern and ancient settings. Rev Econ Geol 8:325-356
35. Herrington RJ, First D (1996) Massive sulphide and barite-gold mineralisation on Wetar Island, Indonesia, VMS or high-sulphidation mineralisation? GAC/AGC Program with abstracts 21:A44
36. Herrington, RJ (1993) Interim petrological report for the Billiton companies in Indonesia, 17 p
37. Herrington, RJ (1996) Geochemical and petrological report for the Billiton companies in Indonesia, 17 p
38. Herzig PM, Hannington MD (1993) Gold mineralization in seafloor spreading centres of the Western Pacific. Interidge News pp 10-11
39. Herzig PM, Hannington MD, Fouquet Y, von Stackelberg U, Peterson S (1993) Gold-rich polymetallic sulfides from the Lau back arc and implications for the geochemistry of gold in seafloor hydrothermal systems of the southwest Pacific. Econ Geol 88:2182-2209
40. Herzig P, Hannington MD, Arribas A (1998) Sulphur isotopic composition of hydrothermal precipitates from the Lau back-arc: Implications for magmatic contributions to seafloor hydrothermal systems. Miner Deposita 33:226-237
41. Hughes BD, Baxter K, Clarke RA, Snyder DB (1996) Detailed processing of seismic reflection data from the frontal part of the Timor trough accretionary wedge, eastern Indonesia. In: Hall R, Blundell D (eds) Tectonic evolution of southeast Asia. Geol Soc Spec Publ 106:75-83
42. Kendrick MA, Burgess R, Pattrick RAD, Turner G (2001) Fluid inclusion noble gas and halogen evidence on the origin of Cu-porphyry mineralising fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:2651-2668
43. Koski RA, Clague DA, Oudin E (1984) Mineralogy and chemistry of massive sulfide deposits from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geol Soc Am Bull 95:930-945
44. Macdonald AJ, Lewis PD, Thompson JFH, Nadaraju G, Bartsch RD, Bridge DJ, Rhys DA, Roth T, Kaip A, Godwin CI, Sinclair AJ (1996) Metallogeny of an early to middle Jurassic arc, Iskut River Area, Northwestern British Columbia. Econ Geol 91:1098-1114
45. 86Sr andesites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 40:220-230
46. Masson DG, Milsom J, Barber AJ, Sikumbang N, Dwiyanto B (1991) Recent tectonics around the island of Timor, eastern Indonesia. Mar Pet Geol 8:35-49
47. McCaffrey R (1988) Active tectonics of the eastern Sunda and Banda arcs. J Geophys Res 93:15163-15182
48. McCulloch MT, Compston W, Abbott M, Chivas A, Foster JJ, Nelson DR (1982) Neodymium, strontium, lead and oxygen isotopic and trace element constraints on magma genesis in the Banda island-arc, Wetar. Research School of Earth Sciences annual report pp 236-238
49. Moss R, Scott SD, Binns RA (2001) Gold content of Eastern Manus Basin volcanic rocks, implications for enrichment in associated hydrothermal precipitates. Econ Geol 96:91-107 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitVGgs74%3D
50. Nagy EA, Grove M, Stock JM (1999) Age and stratigraphic relationships of pre- and syn-rift volcanic deposits in the northern Puertecitos Volcanic Province, Baja California, Mexico. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 93:1-30
51. Nash C, Snodin S (1992) Photogeological study of Wetar Island, Indonesia: Unpublished Company Report. PLM 023J/92
52. Ohmoto H, Mizukami M, Drummond SE, Eldridge CS, Pisutha-Arnond V, Lenagh TC (1983) Chemical processes of Kuroko formation. Econ Geol Monog 5:570-604
53. Pals DW, Spry PG, Chryssoulis S (2003) Invisible gold and tellurium in Arsenic-rich pyrite from the Emperor Gold deposit, Fiji: Implications for gold distribution and deposition. Econ Geol 98:479-493
54. Reyes AG (1990) Petrology of Philippine geothermal systems and application of alteration mineralogy of their assessment. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 43:279-310
55. Richardson AN, Blundell DJ (1996) Continental collision in the Banda arc. In: Hall R, Blundell D (eds) Tectonic evolution of southeast Asia. Geol Soc Spec Publ 106:47-60
56. Roberts S, Bach W, Binns RA, Vanko DA, Yeats CJ, Teagle DAH, Blacklock K, Blusztajn JS, Boyce AJ, Cooper MJ, Holland N, McDonald B (2003) Contrasting evolution of hydrothermal fluids in the PACMANUS system, Manus Basin: The Sr and S isotope evidence. Geology 31:805-808 10.1130/ G19716.1
57. Robinson BW, Kusakabe M (1975) Quantitative preparation of SO2 for 34S/ 32S analysis from sulfides by combustion with cuprous oxide. Anal Chem 47:1179-1181
58. Rona PA, Hannington MD, Raman CV, Thompson G, Tivey MK, Humphris SE, Lalou C, Peterson S (1993) Active and relict Sea-floor hydrothermal mineralization at the TAG hydrothermal field, Mid Atlantic Ridge. Econ Geol 88:1987-2013
59. de Ronde CEJ (1995) Fluid chemistry and isotopic characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal systems and associated VMS deposits: Potential for magmatic contributions. In: Thompson JFH (ed) Magmas, fluids and ore deposits. Min Assoc Canada Short Course Series 23:479-509
60. Ruxton PA (1989) A geological model for the Lerokis project, Indonesia. Billiton Australia, The Metals Division of the Shell Company of Australia. Unpublished Company Report, 29 p
61. Scotney PM (2002) The geology and genesis of massive sulphide, barite-gold deposits on Wetar Island, Indonesia. PhD Thesis, University of Southampton, 220 p
62. Scotney PM, Roberts S, Herrington RJ, First DM (1999) Testing for a magmatic component in a high-sulphidation (VMS) system at Wetar Island, Indonesia. In: Stanley CJ (ed) Mineral Deposits: Processes to processing. Proceedings of the Fifth biennial SGA and Tenth Quadrennial IAGOD Symp:581-584
63. SD Scott 1997 Submarine hydrothermal systems and deposits. In: HL Barnes Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits (3rd edn) Wiley New York 797-876
64. Sewell DM, Wheatley CJV (1994) The Lerokis and Kali Kuning submarine exhalative gold-silver barite deposits, Wetar Island, Maluku, Indonesia. J Geochem Explor 50:1-11
65. Sillitoe RH, Hannington MD, Thompson JFH (1996) High-sulfidation deposits in the volcanogenic massive sulfide environment. Econ Geol 91:204-212
66. Silver EA, Reed D, McCaffrey R, Joyodiwiryo Y (1983) Back-arc thrusting in the eastern Sunda arc, Indonesia, a consequence of arc-continent collision. J Geophys Res 88:7429-7448
67. Snyder DB, Milsom J, Prasetyo H (1996) Geophysical evidence for local indentor tectonics in the Banda arc east of Timor. In: Hall R, Blundell D (eds) Tectonic evolution of southeast Asia. Geol Soc Spec Publ 106:61-73
68. Teagle DAH, Alt JC, Chiba H, Halliday AN (1998a) Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit, The strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound-Anhydrite. In: Herzig PM, Humphries SE, Miller DJ, Zierenberg, RA (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific results 158(11):129-141
69. Teagle DAH, Alt JC, Humphries SE, Halliday AN (1998b) Dissecting an active hydrothermal deposit, The strontium and oxygen isotopic anatomy of the TAG hydrothermal mound-Whole rock and silicate minerals. In: Herzig PM, Humphries SE, Miller DJ, Zierenberg, RA (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific results 158(22):297-309
70. Varekamp JC, Van Bergen MJ, Vroon PZ, Poorter RPE, Wirakusumah AD, Erfan R, Suharyono K, Sriwana T (1989) Volcanism and tectonics in the eastern Sunda arc, Indonesia. Neth J Sea Res 24:303-312
71. Vivallo W, Claesson L-A (1987) Intra-arc rifting and massive sulfide mineralization in an early Proterozoic volcanic arc, Skellefte district, northern Sweden. In: Geochemistry and mineralization of Proterozoic volcanic suites. Geol Soc Spec Publ 33:69-79
72. Vroon PZ, Van Bergen MJ, White WM, Varekamp JC (1993) Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics of the Banda Arc, Indonesia: Combined subduction and assimilation of continental material. J Geophys Res 98:22349-22366
73. 18O despite involvement of subducted continental material in magma genesis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:589-609
74. Whitford DJ, Compston W, Nicholls IA, Abbott MJ (1977) Geochemistry of late Cenezoic lavas from eastern Indonesia: Role of subducted sediments in petrogenesis. Geology 5:571-575
75. Woodside JM, Jongsma D, Thommeret M, Strang van Hees G, Puntodewo (1989) Gravity and magnetic field measurements in the eastern Banda Sea. Neth J Sea Res 24:185-203