Distribution of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia in soils of Argentina

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 71, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 4137-4139

  Lúquez, Carolina ^a   Bianco, María I ^a   De Jong, Laura I T ^a   Sagua, María D ^a   Arenas, Graciela N ^a   Ciccarelli, Alberto S ^a   Fernández, Rafael A ^a  

^a FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS   (Argentina)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROORGANISMS; SOILS;

ARGENTINA; CLOSTRIDIA; NON-VIRGIN SOILS; SEROLOGICAL TYPES;

TOXIC MATERIALS;

BOTULINUM TOXIN;

SOIL MICROORGANISM; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES OCCURRENCE;

ARGENTINA; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CLIMATE; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CULTURE MEDIUM; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; SEROTYPE; SOIL MICROFLORA; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ANIMALS; ARGENTINA; BOTULINUM TOXINS; BOTULISM; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; MICE; PREVALENCE; SOIL MICROBIOLOGY;

ARGENTINA; SOUTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

CLOSTRIDIA;

EID: 22144474454     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4137-4139.2005     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Aianin, K. M., T. I. Bulatova, and K. I. Matveev. 1968. The distribution of Clostridium botulinum and C. tetani in the soil in Armenia SSR. Gig. Sanit. 33:114-116.
2. Bulatova, T. I., K. I. Matveev, and I. S. Kazdobina. 1969. Distribution of Clostridium botulinum in the soil of the shores of Lake Balkhash. Gig. Sanit. 34:114-116.
3. Dezfulian, M., L. M. McCroskey, C. L. Hatheway, and V. R. Dowell. 1981. Selective medium for isolation of Clostridium botulinum from human feces. J. Clin. Microbiol. 13:526-531.
4. Gamboa, M. M., E. Rodríguez, and B. Fernandez. 1993. Clostridium botulinum in Costa Rica soils. Rev. Biol. Trop. 41:359-363.
5. Gao, Q. Y. 1984. Distribution of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum in coastal areas in China. Zhonghua Yufang Yixue Zazhi 18:129-131.
6. Giménez, D. F., and A. S. Ciccarelli. 1970. Distribución de Clostridium botulinum en Mendoza, Argentina. Bol. Of. Sanit. Panama 69:505-510.
7. Giménez, F. G., and A. G. Giménez. 1993. Serological subtypes of botulinal neurotoxins, p. 421-431. In B. R. Das Gupta (ed.), Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
8. Haq, I., and F. Suhadi. 1981. Epidemiological report: incidence of Clostridium botulinum in coastal and inland areas of West Java. Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 34:231-235.
9. Huss, H. H. 1980. Distribution of Clostridium botulinum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:764-769.
10. Karasawa, T., X. Wang, T. Maegawa, S. Nakamura, B. M. Hang'ombe, and E. Isogai. 2000. Demonstration of botulinum toxins of types B and D in soil samples from Zambia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 94:409-411.
11. Kobayashi, T., K. Watanabe, and K. Ueno. 1992. Distribution of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in Okinawa Prefecture. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 66:1639-1644.
12. Meyer, K. F., and Dubovsky, B. J. 1922. The distribution of the spores of B. botulinus in the United States. IV. J. Infect. Dis. 31:559-594.
13. Mortojudo, J. W., E. G. Siagian, F. Suhadi, B. Q. Ward, and W. M. S. Ward. 1973. The presence of Clostridium botulinum in Indonesian waters. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 36:437-440.
14. Notermans, S. H., and J. Nagel. 1989. Assays for botulinum and tetanus toxins, p. 319-331. In L. L. Simpson (ed.), Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.
15. Notermans, S. H., A. H. Havelaar, J. B. Dufrenne, and J. Oosterom. 1985. Incidence of Clostridium botulinum on cattle farms. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. 110:175-180.
16. Parry, E. W. 1946. Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in soils of central New York State. Food Res. 11:203-209.
17. Reed, L. J., and H. Muench. 1938. A simple method for estimating fifty per cent end points. Am. J. Hyg. 27:493-497.
18. Smith, G. R., and A. M. Young. 1980. Clostridium botulinum in British soil. J. Hyg. 85:271-274.
19. Smith, G. R., and R. A. Milligan. 1979. Clostridium botulinum in soil on the site of the former Metropolitan (Caledonian) Cattle Market, London. J. Hyg. 83:237-241.
20. Smith, L. D. 1978. The occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani in the soil of the United States. Health Lab. Sci. 15:74-80.
21. Sonnabend, W. F., U. P. Sonnabend, and T. Krech. 1987. Isolation of Clostridium botulinum type G from Swiss soil specimens by using sequential steps in an identification scheme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:1880-1884.
22. Sterne, M., and L. M. Wentzel. 1950. A new method for the large-scale production of high-titre botulinum formol-toxoid types C and D. J. Inmunol. 65:175-183.
23. Ward, B. Q., E. S. Garret, and G. B. Reese. 1967. Further indications of Clostridium botulinum in Latin American waters. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1509.
24. Wobeser, G., S. Marsden, and R. J. MacFarlane. 1987. Occurrence of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type C in the soil of wetlands in Saskatchewan. J. Wildl. Dis. 23:67-76.
25. Yamakawa, K., S. Kamiya, K. Yoshimura, S. Nakamura, and T. Ezaki. 1990. Clostridium botulinum in the soil of Kenya. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 84:201-203.
26. Yamakawa, K., S. Kamiya, S. Nishida, K. Yoshimura, H. Yu, D. Y. Lu, and S. Nakamura. 1988. Distribution of Clostridium botulinum in Japan and in Shinkiang district of China. Microbiol. Immunol. 32:579-587.