A study of extratropical transition in the Western North Atlantic Ocean, 1963–1996

Atmosphere - Ocean

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 173-191

  Fogarty, Chris T ^a,b   Gyakum, John R ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTHWEST); OCEANIC REGIONS; WORLD;

EID: 22144469445     PISSN: 07055900     EISSN: 14809214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3137/ao.430205     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Barnes, S. L., and Colman, B. R., 1993. Quasi-geostrophic diagnosis of cyclo-genesis associated with a cutoff extratropical cyclone - The Christmas 1987 Storm. Mon. Weather Rev., 121:1613–1633.
2. Bluestein, H. B., 1992. Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Mid-latitudes. Vol. 1, Principles of Kinematics and Dynamics, Vol. 1, 431Oxford University Press.
3. Bosart, L. F., and Rogers, E., 1995. Incipient explosive marine cyclogenesis:Coastal development. Tellus, 47A:1–29.
4. Bosart, L. F. and Lackmann, G. M., 1995. Post-landfall tropical cyclone re-intensification in a weakly baroclinic environment:A case study of Hurricane David (September 1979). Mon. Weather Rev., 123:3268–3291.
5. Brand, S., and Guard, C. P., 1979. An observational study of extratropical storms evolved from tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 57:479–482.
6. Cressman, G. P., 1959. An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Weather Rev., 87:367–374.
7. Dimego, G. J., and Bosart, L. F., 1982. The transformation of Tropical Storm Agnes into an extratropical cyclone. Part I:The observed fields and vertical motion computations. Mon. Weather Rev., 110:385–411.
8. Dvorak, V. F., 1975. Tropical cyclone intensity analysis and forecasting from satellite imagery. Mon. Weather Rev., 103:420–430.
9. Fogarty, C. T., 2002. Hurricane Michael, 17–20 October, 2000:Part I -Summary report and storm impact on Canada. Part II - Forecast and warning critique 24 (Available online at http://projects.novaweather.net/Michael_MSC.pdf)
10. Frank, W. M., 1977. The structure and energetics of the tropical cyclone I. Storm structure. Mon. Weather Rev., 105:1119–1135.
11. Gallagher, J., and Schubert, A., 1998. Sea surface temperature satellite image archive.:2 http://dcz.gso.uri.edu/avhrr-archive/archive.html
12. Gyakum, J. R., and Danielson, R. E., 2000. Analysis of meteorological precursors to ordinary and explosive cyclogenesis in the western North Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev., 128:851–863.
13. Harr, P. A., Elsberry, R. L., and Hogan, T. F., 2000. Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. Part II:The impact of midlatitude circulation characteristics. Mon. Weather Rev., 128:2634–2653.
14. Hart, R. E., 2003. A cyclone phase space derived from thermal wind and thermal asymmetry. Mon. Weather Rev., 131:585–616.
15. Bosart, L. F. and Evans, J. L., 2001. A climatology of the extratropical transition of Atlantic tropical cyclones. J. Clim., 14:546–564.
16. Holton, J. R., 1992. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology., 511Academic Press.
17. Hoskins, B. J., and Davies, H. C., 1978. A new look at the CO-Equation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 104:31–38.
18. Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Leetmaa, A., Reynolds, B., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K.C., Ropelews-Ki, C., and Wang, J., 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 11:437–471.
19. Klein, P. M., Harr, P. A., and Elsberry, R. L., 2000. Extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones:An overview and conceptual model of the transformation stage. Weather Forecast., 15:373–396.
20. Maher, B. S., 1999. National Hurricane Center web page.:2 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov
21. Mctaggart-Cowan, R., Gyakum, J. R., and Yau, M. K., 2001. Sensitivity testing of extratropical transitions using potential vorticity inversions to modify initial conditions:Hurricane Earl case study. Mon. Weather Rev., 129:1617–1636.
22. Bosart, L. F., Bosart, L. F. and Bosart, L. F. 2003. The influence of the downstream state on extra-tropical transition:Hurricane Earl (1998) case study. Mon. Weather Rev., 131:1910–1929.
23. O'Handley, C., and Bosart, L. F., 1989. Subsynoptic structure in a major synoptic-scale cyclone. Mon. Weather Rev., 117:607–630.
24. Pasch, R. J., and Avila, L. A., 1992. Atlantic hurricane season of 1991. Mon. Weather Rev., 120:2671–2687.
25. Bosart, L. F. and Bosart, L. F. 1999. Atlantic hurricane season of 1996. Mon. Weather Rev., 127:581–610.
26. Rogers, E., and Bosart, L. F., 1986. An investigation of explosively deepening oceanic cyclones. Mon. Weather Rev., 114:702–718.
27. Rogers, R. R., and Yau, M. K., 1989. A Short Course in Cloud Physics., 293Pergamon Press.
28. Schwartz, B., and Govett, M., 1992. A hydrostatically consistent North American radiosonde database at the Forecast Systems Laboratory, 1946-present, NOAA Tech. Memo. 81
29. Sekioka, M., 1970. On the behavior of cloud patterns as seen on satellite photographs in the transformation of a typhoon into an extratropical cyclone. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 48:224–232.
30. Sheets, R. C., 1969. Some mean hurricane soundings. J. App. Meteorol., 8:134–146.
31. Sinclair, M. R., 1993a. Synoptic-scale diagnosis of the extratropical transition of a southwest Pacific tropical cyclone. Mon. Weather Rev., 121:941–960.
32. Bosart, L. F. 1993b. A diagnostic study of the extratropical precipitation resulting from tropical cyclone Bola. Mon. Weather Rev., 121:2690–2707.
33. Wonnacott, T. H., and Wonnacott, R. J., 1990. Introductory Statistics, 5th edition, 711John Wiley and Sons.
34. Woodruff, S. D., Slutz, R. J., Jenne, R. L., and Steurer, P. M., 1987. A compehensive ocean-atmosphere data set. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 68:1239–1250.