Ask each pupil about her methods of cleaning': Ideologies of language and gender in Americanisation instruction (1900-1924)

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 275-297

  Pavlenko, Aneta ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Americanisation; Gender; Identity; Ideology; Immigration; Language

Indexed keywords

EID: 22144463135     PISSN: 13670050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13670050508668611     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Aikio, M. (1992) Are women innovators in the shift to a second language?: A case study of Reindeer Sami women and men. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 94, 43-61.
2. Antin, M. (1912/1969) The Promised Land. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3. Austin, R. (1913) Lessons in English for Foreign Women: For Use in Settlements and Evening Schools. New York: American Book Company.
4. Bach, E. (1923) Americanization in Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce.
5. Banks, J. (1914) English for Adult Students of Foreign Birth. Ambridge, PA: J.E. Banks.
6. Barrett, J. (1992) Americanization from the bottom up: Immigration and the remaking of the working class in the United States, 1880-1930. The Journal of American History 79 (3), 996-1020.
7. Beglinger, N. (1922) Constructive Lessons in English for the Foreign-born. Boston: The Gorham Press.
8. Bernheimer, Ch. (1905) The Russian Jew in the United States. Studies of Social Conditions in New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago, with a Description of Rural Settlements. Philadelphia: John Winston and Co. (Reprinted in 1965).
9. Blackledge, A. (2000) Literacy, Power, and Social Justice. Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books.
10. Blackledge, A. (2001) Complex positionings: Women negotiating identity and power in a minority urban setting. In A. Pavlenko, A. Blackledge, I. Piller and M. Teutsch-Dwyer (eds) Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, and Gender (pp. 53-75). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
11. Blommaert, J. (1999) The debate is open. In J. Blommaert (ed.) Language Ideological Debates (pp. 1-38). Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
12. Boelhower, W. (1991) The making of ethnic autobiography in the United States. In J.P. Eakin (ed.) American Autobiography: Retrospect and Prospect (pp. 123-141). Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
13. Breckinridge, S. (1921) New Homes for Old. New York: Harper and Brothers.
14. Brumberg, S. (1986) Going to America, Going to School. The Jewish Immigrant Public School Encounter in Turn-of-the-century New York City. New York: Praeger.
15. Burns, A. (1920) American Americanization. Public service address delivered under the auspices of the Educational department of the municipal court, Philadelphia, PA (Temple University Urban Archive).
16. Burton, P., Dyson, K. and Ardener, Sh. (eds) (1994) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use. Oxford /Providence: Berg.
17. Cameron, D. (1992) Feminism and Linguistic Theory (2nd edn). London: McMillan.
18. Cameron, D. (1997) Theoretical debates in feminist linguistics: Questions of sex and gender. In R. Wodak (ed.) Gender and Discourse (pp. 21-36). London: Sage.
19. Chinchaladze, N. and Dragadze, T. (1994) Women and second-language knowledge in rural Soviet Georgia: An outline. In P. Burton, K. Dyson and Sh. Ardener (eds) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use (pp. 80-84). Oxford/Providence: Berg.
20. Constantinidou, E. (1994) The 'death' of East Sutherland Gaelic: Death by women? In P. Burton, K. Dyson and Sh. Ardener (eds) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use (pp. 111-127). Oxford/Providence: Berg.
21. Fairclough, N. (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
22. Faustine, M. and Wagner, M. (1909) A New Reader for Evening Schools Adapted for Foreigners. New York: Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge, Inc.
23. Field, S. and Coveney, M. (1911) English for New Americans. Boston: Silver, Burdett & Company.
24. Gabaccia, D. (1994) From the Other Side: Women, Gender, and Immigrant Life in the US, 1820-1990. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
25. Gal, S. (1978) Peasant men can't get wives: Language and sex roles in a bilingual community. Language in Society 7, 1-17.
26. Gal, S. (1979) Language Shift: Social Determinants of Linguistic Change in Bilingual Austria. New York: Academic Press.
27. Gal, S. (1991) Between speech and silence: The problematics of research on language and gender. In M. Di Leonardo (ed.) Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge (pp. 175-203). Berkeley: University of California Press.
28. Glenn, S. (1990) Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation. Ithaca/ London: Cornell University Press.
29. Goldstein, T. (1997) Two Languages at Work: Bilingual Life on the Production Floor. Berlin/ New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
30. Hartmann, E. (1948) The Movement to Americanize the Immigrant. New York: Columbia University Press.
31. Harvey, P. (1994) The presence and absence of speech in the communication of gender. In P. Burton, K. Dyson and Sh. Ardener (eds) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use (pp. 44-64). Oxford/Providence: Berg.
32. Hill, H. (1919) The Americanization movement. The American Journal of Sociology 24 (6), 609-642.
33. Hill, J. (1987) Women's speech in modern Mexicano. In S. Philips, S. Steele and C. Tanz (eds) Language, Gender, and Sex in Comparative Perspective (pp. 121-160). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Howe, I. (1976) The World of our Fathers. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich.
35. Immigration and unemployment (1914) Report of division of immigration and unemployment. (Temple University Archive)
36. Joseph, S. (1935) History of the Baron de Hirsch Fund: The Americanization of the Jewish Immigrant. Fairfield: Augustus Kelley Publishers. (Reprinted in 1978)
37. Kellor, F. (1914) The education of the immigrant. Educational Review 48, 21-26.
38. Kouritzin, S. (2000) Immigrant mothers redefine access to ESL classes: Contradiction and ambivalence. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 21 (1), 14-32.
39. Krause, C. (1978) Urbanization without breakdown: Italian, Jewish, and Slavic immigrant women in Pittsburgh, 1900-1945. Journal of Urban History 4 (3), 291-306.
40. Lenz, F. (1916) The education of the immigrant. Educational Review 61, 469-477.
41. Making Americans: The "Two R's School" (1919) The Council of Jewish Women (Reprint). March 26,1919. (Boston Public Library Archive)
42. Manning, C. (1930) The immigrant woman and her job. United States Department of Labor Women's Bureau Bulletin N 74. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
43. Markowitz, A. and Starr, S. (1914) Everyday Language Lessons: Practical English for New Americans. New York: American Book Company.
44. McCarthy, J. (1917) Where garments and Americans are made: Story of Sicher system of factory education for Americanization of foreigners, conducted in co-operation with New York Board of Education - A challenge to hyphenatism. New York: Writers' Publishing Co. (Boston Public Library Archive)
45. McClymer, J. (1982) The Americanization movement and the education of the foreign-born adult, 1914-25. In B. Weiss (ed.) American Education and The European Immigrant: 1840-1940 (pp. 96-116). Urbana/Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
46. McClymer, J. (1991) Gender and the 'American Way of Life': Women in the Americanization movement. Journal of American Ethnic History 10 (3), 3-20.
47. McDonald, M. (1994) Women and linguistic innovation in Brittany. In P. Burton, K. Dyson and Sh. Ardener (eds) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use (pp. 85-104). Oxford/Providence: Berg.
48. Miller, H. (1916) The School and the Immigrant. New York: Arno Press/The New York Times. (Reprinted in 1970).
49. Mills, J. (2004) Mothers and mother tongue: Perspectives on self-construction by mothers of Pakistani heritage. In A. Pavlenko and A. Blackledge (eds) Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts (pp. 161-191). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
50. Mintz, F. (1913) The New American Citizen: A Reader for Foreigners. New York: The McMillan Company.
51. Norton, B. and Pavlenko, A. (eds) (2004) Gender and English Language Learners. Arlington, VA: TESOL Inc.
52. Pavlenko, A. (2002) 'We have room for but one language here': Language and national identity in the US at the turn of the 20th century. Multilingua 21 (2/3), 163-196.
53. Pavlenko, A., Blackledge, A., Piller, I. and Teutsch-Dwyer, M. (eds) (2001) Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, and Gender. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
54. Perkins, F., Cadbury, H., Bedford, C., Fleisher, H., Hare, C., Paine, E., Wister, F.A. and Mrs. Katzenberg (1909) A synopsis of a report made in 1909 on the educational opportunities of foreigners immigrating to Philadelphia. Philadelphia: The Civic Club of Philadelphia. (Temple University Urban Archive)
55. Pesotta, R. (1944) Bread Upon the Waters. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
56. Pike, V. (1912) New World lessons for Old World peoples, Lesson VI: Joining the Union. Life and Labor 2.
57. Ricento, T. (2003) The discursive construction of Americanism. Discourse and Society 14 (5), 611-637.
58. Romaine, S. (1999) Communicating Gender. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
59. Sartorio, E. (1918) Social and Religious Life of Italians in America. Boston: Christopher Publishing House.
60. Schlossman, S. (1983) Is there an American tradition of bilingual education? German in the public elementary schools, 1840-1919. American Journal of Education 91, 139-186.
61. Schneiderman, R. and Goldthwaite, L. (1967) All for One. New York: Paul Eriksson.
62. Seller, M. (ed.) (1981) Immigrant Women. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
63. Sinke, S. (1999) Gender in language and life: A Dutch American example. Gender Issues Winter, 26-51.
64. Sinke, S. (2002) Dutch Immigrant Women in the United States: 1880-1920. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
65. Spedding, A. (1994) Open Castilian, closed Aymara? Bilingual women in the Yungas of La Paz (Bolivia). In P. Burton, K. Dyson and Sh. Ardener (eds) Bilingual Women. Anthropological Approaches to Second-Language Use (pp. 31-43). Oxford/Providence: Berg.
66. Suggestions for Americanization work among foreign-born women (1921) Washington, DC.
67. US Bureau of the Census (1975) Historical statistics of the United States: Colonial times to 1970. Washington, DC: US Bureau of the Census,
68. van Nuys, F. (2002) Americanizing the West: Race, Immigrants, and Citizenship, 1890-1930. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
69. Villenas, S. (2001) Latina mothers and small-town racisms: Creating narratives of dignity and moral education in North Carolina. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 32 (1), 3-28.
70. Vitali, A. (1905) An Easy Practical Course in English for Foreigners with Exercises in German, French, Spanish, and Italian. New York: Cappabianca's Press.
71. Weatherford, D. (1986) Foreign and Female: Immigrant Women in America, 1840-1930. New York: Schocken Books.
72. Weedon, C. (1987) Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
73. Weinberg, S. (1988) The World of our Mothers: The Lives of Jewish Immigrant Women. Chapel Hill/London: University of North Carolina Press.
74. Winkler, H. (1918) Laggards at night school: Factory classes essential for Americanization. Department of Immigrant Aid, The Council of Jewish Women, March 26, 1919.
75. Reprinted from The Survey, January 26, 1918. (Boston Public Library Archive)
76. Wodak, R. (2001) The discourse-historical approach. In R. Wodak and M. Meyer (eds) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (pp. 63-94). London: Sage.
77. Wodak, R., de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M. and Liebhart, K. (1999) The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
78. Woods, R. (1903) Americans in Process: A Settlement Study of Residents and Associations of the South End House. New York: Riverside Press.
79. Yans-McLaughlin, V. (1990) Metaphors of self in history: Subjectivity, oral narrative, and immigration studies. In V. Yans-McLaughlin (ed.) Immigration Reconsidered: History, Sociology, and Politics (pp. 254-290). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
80. Yezierska, A. (1925/1999) Bread Givers. New York: Persea Books.