Sexual victimization in relation to perceptions of risk: Mediation, generalization, and temporal stability

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 31, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 963-976

  Brown, Amy L ^a   Messman Moore, Terri L ^a   Miller, Arthur G ^a   Stasser, Garold ^a  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Comparative optimism; Psychological distress; Risk perception; Sexual assault; Victimization

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; TIME PERCEPTION; VICTIM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTITUDE; CRIME VICTIMS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GENERALIZATION (PSYCHOLOGY); HUMANS; JUDGMENT; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); RISK-TAKING; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; TIME PERCEPTION;

EID: 22144456437     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167204274101     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Briere, J. (1995). Trauma Symptom Inventory professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
2. Burger, J. M., & Palmer, M. L. (1992). Changes in and generalization of unrealistic optimism following experiences with stressful events: Reactions to the 1989 California earthquake. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 39-43.
3. Burt, M. R. (1991). Rape myths and acquaintance rape. In A. Parrot & L. Bechhofer (Eds.), Acquaintance rape: The hidden crime (pp. 26-40). New York: John Wiley.
4. Dewberry, C., & Richardson, S. (1990). Effect of anxiety on optimism. Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 731-738.
5. Feldman, P.J., Ullman, J. B., & Dunkel-Schetter, C. (1998). Women's reactions to rape victims: Motivational processes associated with blame and social support. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 469-503.
6. Frieze, I. H., Hymer, S., & Greenberg, M. S. (1987). Describing the crime victim: Psychological reactions to victimization. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 18, 299-315.
7. Gerend, M. A., Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Erchull, M. J. (2004). Beyond medical risk: Investigating the psychological factors underlying women's perceptions of susceptibility to breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Health Psychology, 23, 247-258.
8. Gidycz, C. A., Coble, C. N., Latham, L., & Layman, M.J. (1993). Sexual assault experience in adulthood and prior victimization experiences: A prospective analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 151-168.
9. Gidycz, C. A., Hanson, K., & Layman, M.J. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences: An extension of previous findings. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 5-29.
10. Goodman, L. A., Koss, M. P., & Russo, N. F. (1993). Violence against women: Physical and mental health effects. Part I: Research findings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 2, 79-89.
11. Gump, B. B., & Kulik, J. A. (1995). The effects of a model's HIV status on self-perceptions: A self-protective similarity bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 827-833.
12. Harris, P. (1996). Sufficient grounds for optimism? The relationship between perceived controllability and optimistic bias. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 15, 9-52.
13. Harris, P., & Middleton, W. (1994). The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 369-386.
14. Helweg-Larsen, M. (1999). (The lack of) optimistic biases in response to the Northridge earthquake: The role of personal experience. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 119-129.
15. Helweg-Larsen, M., & Shepperd, J. A. (2001). Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 74-95.
16. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1989). The benefits of illusions, the threat of disillusionment, and the limitations of inaccuracy. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 8, 158-175.
17. Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: Free Press.
18. Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1999). LISREL 8.30. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
19. Katz, B. L., & Burt, M. R. (1988). Self-blame in recovery from rape: Help or hindrance? In A. W. Burgess (Ed.), Rape and sexual assault, II (pp. 151-168). New York: Garland.
20. Koss, M. P., & Gidycz, C., A. (1985). Sexual experiences survey: Reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 422-423.
21. Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C., A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 162-170.
22. Koss, M. P., & Harvey, M. R. (1991). The rape victim: Clinical and community interventions (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
23. Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths: In review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 133-164.
24. Mandoki, C. A., & Burkhart, B. R. (1991). Women as victims: Antecedents and consequences of acquaintance rape. In A. Parrot & L. Bechhofer (Eds.), Acquaintance rape: The hidden crime (pp. 176-191). New York: John Wiley.
25. McKenna, F. P., & Albery, I. P. (2001). Does unrealistic optimism change following a negative experience? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1146-1157.
26. Messman-Moore, T. L., & Brown, A. L. (2004). Risk perception, rape, and sexual revictimization: A prospective study of college women. Manuscript submitted for publication.
27. Norris, J., Nurius, P. S., & Graham, T. L. (1999). When a date changes from fun to dangerous: Factors affecting women's ability to distinguish. Violence Against Women, 5, 230-250.
28. Pyszczynski, T., Holt, K., & Greenberg, J. (1987). Depression, self-focused attention, and expectancies for positive and negative future life events for self and others. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52, 994-1001.
29. Radcliffe, N. M., & Klein, W. M. P. (2002). Dispositional, unrealistic, and comparative optimism: Differential relations with the knowledge and processing of risk information and beliefs about personal risk. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 836-846.
30. Roe-Berning, S., & Straker, G. (1997). The association between illusions of invulnerability and exposure to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 319-327.
31. Rutter, D. R., Quine, L., & Albery, I. P. (1998). Perceptions of risk in motorcyclists: Unrealistic optimism, relative realism and predictions of behaviour. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 681-696.
32. Salovey, P., & Birnbaum, D. (1989). Influence of mood on healthrelevant cognitions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57, 539-551.
33. Scheppele, K. L., & Bart, P. B. (1983). Through women's eyes: Defining danger in the wake of sexual assault. Journal of Social Issues, 39(2), 63-81.
34. Shepperd, J. A., Carroll, P., Grace, J., & Terry, M. (2002). Exploring the causes of comparative optimism. Psychologica Belgica, 42, 65-98.
35. Shepperd, J. A., Helweg-Larsen, M., & Ortega, L. (2003). Are comparative risk judgments consistent across time and events? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1169-1180.
36. Stapel, D. A., & Velthuijsen, A. S. (1996). "Just as if it happened to me": The impact of vivid and self-relevant information on risk judgments. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 15, 102-119.
37. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
38. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131.
39. Ullman, J. B. (2001). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell, Using multivariate statistics (4th ed., pp. 653-771). Boston: Allyn & Bacon
40. van der Velde, F. W., Hooykaas, C., & van der Pligt, J. (1992). Risk perception and behavior: Pessimism, realism, and optimism about AIDS-related health behavior. Psychology and Health, 6, 23-38.
41. van der Velde, F. W., van der Pligt, J., & Hooykaas, C. (1994). Perceived AIDS-related risk: Accuracy as a function of differences in actual risk. Health Psychology, 13, 25-33.
42. Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39, 806-820.
43. Weinstein, N. D. (1989). Effects of personal experience on self-protective behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 31-50.
44. Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. (1995). Resistance of personal risk perceptions to debiasing interventions. Health Psychology, 14, 132-140.
45. Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. (1996). Unrealistic optimism: Present and future. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 15, 1-8.
46. Weinstein, N. D., Lyon, J. E., Rothman, A. J., & Cuite, C. L. (2000). Changes in perceived vulnerability following natural disaster. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 19, 372-395.