메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 293-307

The Fusing of Sport and Politics: Media Constructions of U.S. Versus Iran at France ‘98

Author keywords

Iran; media frames; soccer; United States; World Cup

Indexed keywords


EID: 22144443294     PISSN: 01937235     EISSN: 15527638     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0193732503255760     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 84992903284 scopus 로고
    • ). The politics of sport. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
    • Allison, L. (Ed.). (1986). The politics of sport. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
    • (1986)
    • Allison, L.1
  • 2
    • 84992903312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ). Sport and international politics: The impact of fascism and communism on sport. London: E &, FN Spon.
    • Arnaud, P., & Riordan, J. (Eds.). (1998). Sport and international politics: The impact of fascism and communism on sport. London: E & FN Spon.
    • (1998)
    • Arnaud, P.1    Riordan, J.2
  • 3
    • 84992835285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 20). U.S. wants a win, not revenge. The Record
    • Blum, R. (1998a, June 20). U.S. wants a win, not revenge. The Record, p. SO2.
    • (1998) , pp. SO2
    • Blum, R.1
  • 4
    • 84992866631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). Raisetheflag, grab theremotebut don't expect U.S.-Iran war. Austin American-Statesman
    • Blum, R. (1998b, June21). Raisetheflag, grab theremotebut don't expect U.S.-Iran war. Austin American-Statesman, p. E4.
    • (1998) , pp. E4
    • Blum, R.1
  • 5
    • 84992866624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). U.S., Iran to settle issue on the field. The Commercial Appeal
    • Blum, R. (1998c, June21). U.S., Iran to settle issue on the field. The Commercial Appeal, p. D1.
    • (1998) , pp. D1
    • Blum, R.1
  • 6
    • 84992795446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). For America, Cup is empty. Austin American-Statesman
    • Blum, R. (1998d, June 22). For America, Cup is empty. Austin American-Statesman, p. C1.
    • (1998) , pp. C1
    • Blum, R.1
  • 7
    • 84992765783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • July 24). Iranians at Goodwill Games for wrestling, not politics. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Bock, H. (1998, July 24). Iranians at Goodwill Games for wrestling, not politics. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexis-nexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Bock, H.1
  • 8
    • 84992826398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 19). Iran after success vs. U.S. New York Daily News
    • Bondy, F. (1998a, June 19). Iran after success vs. U.S. New York Daily News, p. 110.
    • (1998) , pp. 110
    • Bondy, F.1
  • 9
    • 84992875095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). Sampson unveils not-so-great Satan. New York Daily News, p.
    • Bondy, F. (1998b, June 22). Sampson unveils not-so-great Satan. New York Daily News, p.54.
    • (1998) , pp. 54
    • Bondy, F.1
  • 10
    • 84992828426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). Iran's fans: Loud and proud. The Toronto Sun, p.
    • Botchford, J. (1998, June 22). Iran's fans: Loud and proud. The Toronto Sun, p.5.
    • (1998) , pp. 5
    • Botchford, J.1
  • 11
    • 84992880197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Iranian coach Jalal Talebi is fluent in American soccer.
    • Chapman, D. (1998a, June 21). Iranian coach Jalal Talebi is fluent in American soccer. The Providence Journal-Bulletin, p. D27.
    • (1998) The Providence Journal-Bulletin , pp. D27
    • Chapman, D.1
  • 12
    • 84992880197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). In Iran, soccer is morethan just political football.
    • Chapman, D. (1998b, June 21). In Iran, soccer is morethan just political football. The Providence Journal-Bulletin, p. D27.
    • (1998) The Providence Journal-Bulletin , pp. D27
    • Chapman, D.1
  • 13
    • 84992840096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). U.S. gets the boot: Iran snuffs out American hopes. The Patriot Ledger, p.
    • Cowles, C. (1998, June 22). U.S. gets the boot: Iran snuffs out American hopes. The Patriot Ledger, p.19.
    • (1998) , pp. 19
    • Cowles, C.1
  • 14
    • 84992840092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iran-U.S. World Cup match: What the world saw, what Iranians saw and what participants recall
    • September)., Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
    • Curtiss, R. H. (1998, September). Iran-U.S. World Cup match: What the world saw, what Iranians saw and what participants recall. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, pp. 33-34.
    • (1998) , pp. 33-34
    • Curtiss, R.H.1
  • 15
    • 84992840089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). U.S. wants win, not diplomacy. Dayton Daily News, p.
    • Davis, S. (1998, June21). U.S. wants win, not diplomacy. Dayton Daily News, p.1.
    • (1998) , pp. 1
    • Davis, S.1
  • 16
    • 84992908042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June22). Politics not an issue for fans. The Boston Globe, p.
    • Dell’Appa, F. (1998, June22). Politics not an issue for fans. The Boston Globe, p.C6.
    • (1998) , pp. C6
    • Dell’Appa, F.1
  • 17
    • 0004010119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Football, nationality and the state
    • England: Pearson Longman.
    • Duke, V., & Crolley, L. (1996). Football, nationality and the state. England: Pearson Longman.
    • (1996)
    • Duke, V.1    Crolley, L.2
  • 18
    • 84985070018 scopus 로고
    • Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm
    • Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58.
    • (1993) Journal of Communication , vol.43 , pp. 51-58
    • Entman, R.1
  • 19
    • 84992853101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). After ping-pong diplomacy with China, soccer diplomacy with Iran? Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Faruqui, A. (1998, June 21). After ping-pong diplomacy with China, soccer diplomacy with Iran? Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexus-nexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Faruqui, A.1
  • 20
    • 0003428026 scopus 로고
    • The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left
    • Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    • (1980)
    • Gitlin, T.1
  • 21
    • 84992840076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 19). America extends olive branch to Iran, Albright hints at a deal with Teheran. The Daily Telegraph, p.
    • Gurdon, H. (1998, June 19). America extends olive branch to Iran, Albright hints at a deal with Teheran. The Daily Telegraph, p.18.
    • (1998) , pp. 18
    • Gurdon, H.1
  • 22
    • 84992787638 scopus 로고
    • ). Sport, culture and ideology. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.
    • Hargreaves, J. (Ed.). (1982). Sport, culture and ideology. London: Routledge Kegan Paul.
    • (1982)
    • Hargreaves, J.1
  • 23
    • 84992803881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 20). France ‘98: Clinton limbers up for a six-pointer. The Guardian, p.
    • Henley, J. (1998, June 20). France ‘98: Clinton limbers up for a six-pointer. The Guardian, p.4.
    • (1998) , pp. 4
    • Henley, J.1
  • 25
    • 84992787646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iran radio doubts U.S. plans for better ties.
    • June 19).
    • Iran radio doubts U.S. plans for better ties. (1998, June 19). Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, p. 17.
    • (1998) Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , pp. 17
  • 26
    • 84992787644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iran rejoices in win over U.S.
    • June 22). Newsday
    • Iran rejoices in win over U.S. (1998, June 22). Newsday, p. 007.
    • (1998) , pp. 007
  • 27
    • 84935499749 scopus 로고
    • Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1991)
    • Iyengar, S.1
  • 28
    • 84992880085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). Iran over the red, white, and blew-it. Montreal Gazette
    • Jensen, M. (1998, June 22). Iran over the red, white, and blew-it. Montreal Gazette, p. E1.
    • (1998) , pp. E1
    • Jensen, M.1
  • 29
    • 84992872245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Political football: Diplomatic approach to U.S.-Iran not used by some world leaders. The Los Angeles Times, p.
    • Jones, G. L. (1998, June 21). Political football: Diplomatic approach to U.S.-Iran not used by some world leaders. The Los Angeles Times, p.C1.
    • (1998) , pp. C1
    • Jones, G.L.1
  • 30
    • 79958101485 scopus 로고
    • The soccer war
    • New York: Granta.
    • Kapuscinski, R. (1990). The soccer war. New York: Granta.
    • (1990)
    • Kapuscinski, R.1
  • 31
    • 84992787675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). U.S. leaves World Cup empty. The Miami Herald
    • Kaufman, M. (1998, June 22). U.S. leaves World Cup empty. The Miami Herald, p. C01.
    • (1998) , pp. C01
    • Kaufman, M.1
  • 32
    • 84992890433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Big battleon pitch isn't about politics. The Toronto Sun
    • Kealy, A. (1998, June 21). Big battleon pitch isn't about politics. The Toronto Sun, p. SP12.
    • (1998) , pp. SP12
    • Kealy, A.1
  • 33
    • 84992762320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 20). Iran's coach: Wearehere to play football. News-Record
    • Killion, A. (1998, June 20). Iran's coach: Wearehere to play football. News-Record, p. C1.
    • (1998) , pp. C1
    • Killion, A.1
  • 34
    • 84992763820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). America and Iran take to the field of battle—thefootball field that is. The Sunday Telegraph, p.
    • Langton, J. (1998, June 21). America and Iran take to the field of battle—thefootball field that is. The Sunday Telegraph, p.10.
    • (1998) , pp. 10
    • Langton, J.1
  • 35
    • 84992853081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). Diplomacy and urgency as the U.S. faces Iran. The New York Times, Section 8
    • Longman, J. (1998, June21). Diplomacy and urgency as the U.S. faces Iran. The New York Times, Section 8, p. 1.
    • (1998) , pp. 1
    • Longman, J.1
  • 36
    • 84992890440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). Iran shatter American dream. The London Independent, p.
    • Longmore, A. (1998, June 22). Iran shatter American dream. The London Independent, p.30.
    • (1998) , pp. 30
    • Longmore, A.1
  • 37
    • 84992890420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 19). Iran makes play for peace on pitch: Players do their best to ignore political overtones of game against U.S. Ottawa Citizen, p.
    • Lopez, J. (1998, June 19). Iran makes play for peace on pitch: Players do their best to ignore political overtones of game against U.S. Ottawa Citizen, p.F6.
    • (1998) , pp. F6
    • Lopez, J.1
  • 38
    • 84923814501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offside: Soccer and American exceptionalism
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • Markovits, A. S., & Hellerman, S. L. (2001). Offside: Soccer and American exceptionalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2001)
    • Markovits, A.S.1    Hellerman, S.L.2
  • 39
    • 84992890407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). Americans plan to go on attack-Iran match critical to U.S. fate. The Boston Globe
    • Martins, G. (1998, June21). Americans plan to go on attack-Iran match critical to U.S. fate. The Boston Globe, p. B14.
    • (1998) , pp. B14
    • Martins, G.1
  • 40
    • 84992872260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). U.S.-Iran a grudgematch—but not to the players. The Tampa Tribune
    • Meynier, M. (1998, June21). U.S.-Iran a grudgematch—but not to the players. The Tampa Tribune, p. Sports 1.
    • (1998) , pp. Sports 1
    • Meynier, M.1
  • 41
    • 0040242861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world's game: A history of soccer
    • Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
    • Murray, B. (1996). The world's game: A history of soccer. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
    • (1996)
    • Murray, B.1
  • 42
    • 84992787656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • years later, relations with Iran begin to thaw.
    • June 19). USA Today, p.
    • years later, relations with Iran begin to thaw.(1998, June 19). USA Today, p.14A.
    • (1998) , pp. 14A
  • 43
    • 84992872276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olive branch: After years of mutual demonization, the U.S. and Iran may start talking again.
    • June 19). Newsday
    • Olive branch: After years of mutual demonization, the U.S. and Iran may start talking again. (1998. June 19). Newsday, p. A54.
    • (1998) , pp. A54
  • 44
    • 0003132033 scopus 로고
    • Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse
    • Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1991). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political Communication, 10, 55-75.
    • (1991) Political Communication , vol.10 , pp. 55-75
    • Pan, Z.1    Kosicki, G.2
  • 45
    • 84992880156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). Opposing players made pretty picture. The Boston Globe
    • Powers, J., & Dell’Appa, F. (1998, June 22). Opposing players made pretty picture. The Boston Globe, p. C7.
    • (1998) , pp. C7
    • Powers, J.1    Dell’Appa, F.2
  • 46
    • 84992880152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Clinton to broadcast message exclusively on Univision during World Cup coverage.
    • June 18). Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • President Clinton to broadcast message exclusively on Univision during World Cup coverage. (1998, June 18). Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexisnexis.com
    • (1998)
  • 47
    • 84992880151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 19). Clinton seeks to rebuild ties with Tehran. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Rhodes, T. (1998a, June 19). Clinton seeks to rebuild ties with Tehran. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexis-nexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Rhodes, T.1
  • 48
    • 84992793639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 23). U.S. happy at Tehran team's triumph. The (London) Times. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Rhodes, T. (1998b, June 23). U.S. happy at Tehran team's triumph. The (London) Times. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexis-nexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Rhodes, T.1
  • 49
    • 84992855325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Americans, Iranians party together before match. Retrieved from Associated Press Web site, February 22, 2002, from
    • Rosenblum, M. (1998a, June 21). Americans, Iranians party together before match. Retrieved from Associated Press Web site, February 22, 2002, from http://web.lexis-nexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Rosenblum, M.1
  • 50
    • 84992880178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 18). U.S. makes peace offer toward Iran. Chicago Sun-Times
    • Schweid, B. (1998, June 18). U.S. makes peace offer toward Iran. Chicago Sun-Times, p. 26.
    • (1998) , pp. 26
    • Schweid, B.1
  • 51
    • 84992851688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). World Cup ‘98: Singing, dancing and cheering in the streets of Tehran. The New York Times
    • Sciolino, E. (1998, June 22). World Cup ‘98: Singing, dancing and cheering in the streets of Tehran. The New York Times, p. C9.
    • (1998) , pp. C9
    • Sciolino, E.1
  • 52
    • 84992880213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). No crisis, but Iran match big. Sunday Telegram
    • Shactman, B. A. (1998, June21). No crisis, but Iran match big. Sunday Telegram, p. D1.
    • (1998) , pp. D1
    • Shactman, B.A.1
  • 53
    • 84992890758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 18). For U.S. and Iran, “It's only a game.” The Washington Post
    • Shipley, A. (1998a, June 18). For U.S. and Iran, “It's only a game.” The Washington Post, p. BO1.
    • (1998) , pp. BO1
    • Shipley, A.1
  • 54
    • 84992908028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Hey, fans: It's not all politics for the U.S. and Iran. Austin American-Statesman, p.
    • Shipley, A. (1998b, June 21). Hey, fans: It's not all politics for the U.S. and Iran. Austin American-Statesman, p.C1.
    • (1998) , pp. C1
    • Shipley, A.1
  • 55
    • 0141684184 scopus 로고
    • News frames and media packages: Covering El Salvador
    • Solomon, W. (1992). News frames and media packages: Covering El Salvador. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 9, 56-74.
    • (1992) Critical Studies in Mass Communication , vol.9 , pp. 56-74
    • Solomon, W.1
  • 56
    • 0003442065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FIFA and the contest for world football: Who rules the peoples’ game?
    • Cambridge, UK: Polity.
    • Sugden, J., & Tomlinson, A. (1998). FIFA and the contest for world football: Who rules the peoples’ game? Cambridge, UK: Polity.
    • (1998)
    • Sugden, J.1    Tomlinson, A.2
  • 57
    • 84992799762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Subplots flow for U.S.-Iran: Politics a backdrop in Cup showdown. The Baltimore Sun, p.
    • Sunderland, L. (1998, June 21). Subplots flow for U.S.-Iran: Politics a backdrop in Cup showdown. The Baltimore Sun, p.1F.
    • (1998) , pp. 1F
    • Sunderland, L.1
  • 58
    • 84992846004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June21). Very best of enemies offered sporting chances.Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Taylor, L.(1998, June21). Very best of enemies offered sporting chances.Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.nexis-lexis.com
    • (1998)
    • Taylor, L.1
  • 59
    • 84992793609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 21). Iran looks for love match with Great Satan. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from
    • Theodoulou, M. (1998, June 21). Iran looks for love match with Great Satan. Retrieved February 22, 2002, from http://web.nexis-lexix.com
    • (1998)
    • Theodoulou, M.1
  • 60
    • 84992840063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward rapprochement with Iran.
    • June 19). The Boston Globe
    • Toward rapprochement with Iran. (1998, June 19). The Boston Globe, p. A30.
    • (1998) , pp. A30
  • 61
    • 84992845729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p. A97). Iranian exiles may use Iran's match vs. U.S. to stage protest. Newsday
    • Trecker, J. (1998, p. A97). Iranian exiles may use Iran's match vs. U.S. to stage protest. Newsday, p. A97.
    • (1998) , pp. A97
    • Trecker, J.1
  • 63
    • 84992840054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 18). Ottawa Citizen
    • U.S. match with Iran target of anti-Tehran group. (1998, June 18). Ottawa Citizen, p. D2.
    • (1998) , pp. D2
  • 64
    • 84992807820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 19). Cup isn't kickoff to Iran-U.S. thaw. Chicago Sun-Times
    • Valinejad, A. (1998, June 19). Cup isn't kickoff to Iran-U.S. thaw. Chicago Sun-Times, p. 33.
    • (1998) , pp. 33
    • Valinejad, A.1
  • 65
    • 84992918805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • June 22). The defeat is apolitical as Yanks lose to Iran. The New York Times, p.
    • Vescey, G. (1998, June 22). The defeat is apolitical as Yanks lose to Iran. The New York Times, p.C1.
    • (1998) , pp. C1
    • Vescey, G.1
  • 66
    • 0002283812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing protest: News media frames of the Million Man March
    • Watkins, S. C. (2001). Framing protest: News media frames of the Million Man March. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 18, 83-101.
    • (2001) Critical Studies in Mass Communication , vol.18 , pp. 83-101
    • Watkins, S.C.1
  • 67
    • 0040805205 scopus 로고
    • Blowing the whistle: The politics of sport
    • London: Pluto.
    • Whannel, G. (1983). Blowing the whistle: The politics of sport. London: Pluto.
    • (1983)
    • Whannel, G.1
  • 68
    • 84992845979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the goal is martyrdom.
    • (June 20).
    • When the goal is martyrdom. (1998, June 20). The Boston Globe, p. A14.
    • (1998) The Boston Globe , pp. A14


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.