Ultimate causation of aggressive and forced copulation in birds: Female resistance, the CODE hypothesis, and social monogamy

American Zoologist

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 207-225

  Gowaty, Patricia Adair ^a   Buschhaus, Nancy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 22044458562     PISSN: 00031569     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/icb/38.1.207     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alatalo, R. K. Gottlander, and A. Lundberg. 1987. Extra-pair copulations and mate guarding in the polyterritorial pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. Behaviour 101:139-155.
2. Baker, R. R. and M. A. Bellis. 1993a. Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation. Anim. Behav. 46: 861-885.
3. Baker, R. R. and M. A. Bellis. 1993&. Human sperm competition: Ejaculate manipulation by females and a function for the female orgasm. Anim. Behav. 6:887-909.
4. Baker, R. R. and M. A. Bellis. 1995. Human sperm competition: Copulation, masturbation and infidelity. Chapman and Hall, New York.
5. Bateman, A. J. 1948. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2:349-368.
6. Birkhead, T. R. 1993. Avian mating systems: The aquatic warbler is unique. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8:390-391.
7. Birkhead, T. R. K. Clarkson, and R. Zann. 1988a. Extra-pair courtship, copulation and mate guarding in wild zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata. Anim. Behav. 36:1853-1855.
8. Birkhead, T. R., F. M. Hunter, and J. E. Pellatt. 1989. Sperm competition in the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttatta. Anim. Behav. 38:935-950.
9. Birkhead, T. R., S. D. Johnson, and D. N. Nettleship. 1985. Extra-pair matings and mate guarding in the common murre Uria aalge. Anim. Behav. 33: 608-619.
10. Birkhead, T. R. and A. P. Moller. 1992. Sperm competition in birds: Evolutionary causes and consequences. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
11. Birkhead, T. R., J. Pellatt, and F. M. Hunter. 1988&. Extra-pair copulation and sperm competition in the zebra finch. Nature 334:60-62.
12. Bjorklund, M. and B. Westmann. 1983. Extra-pair copulations in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula liypolcuca): A removal experiment. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 13:271-275.
13. Briskie, J. V. and R. Montgomerie. 1997. Sexual selection and the intromittent organ of birds. Journal of Avian Biology 28:73-86.
14. Brown, L., R. W. Shumaker, and J. F. Downhower. 1995. Do primates experience sperm competition? Amer. Natur: 146:302-306.
15. Brownmiller, S. 1975. Against our will: Men, women and rape. Simon and Schuster, New York.
16. Burley, N. T., D. A. Enstrom, and L. Chitwood. 1996a. Extra-pair relations in zebra finches: Differential male success results from female tactics. Anim. Behav.
17. Burley, N. T., P. Parker, and K. Lundy. 19966. Sexual selection and extra-pair fertilization in a socially monogamous passerine, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Behav. Ecol.
18. Buschhaus, N. 1997. Hormonal correlates of mateguarding and parental care in eastern bluebirds, Sialia sialis. Ph.D. Diss., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
19. Butler, R. W. 1982. Wing fluttering by mud-gathering
20. cliff swallows: Avoidance of "rape" attempts? Auk 99:758-761.
21. Clutton-Brock, T. H. and G. A. Parker. 1995. Punishment in animal societies. Nature 373:209-216.
22. Creelman, E. and A. E. Storey. 1991. Sex differences in reproductive behavior of Atlantic puffins. Condor 93:390-398.
23. Curtis, H. and N. S. Barnes. 1989. Biology. 5th ed. Worth Publishers, Inc., New York.
24. Darwin, C. 1859. On the origin of species. Murray, London.
25. Darwin, C. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. Murray, London.
26. Dunning, J. B. 1993. CRC handbook of avion bodymasses. CRC Press, Ann Arbor.
27. Eberhard, W. G. 1996. Female control: Sexual selection by cryptic female choice. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
28. Edinger, B. B. 1988. Extra-pair courtship and copulation attempts in northern orioles. Condor 90: 546-554.
29. Emlen, S! T. and P. H. Wrege. 1986. Forced copulations and intra-specific parasitism: Two costs of social living in the white-fronted bee-eater. Ethology 71:2-29.
30. Estep, D. Q. and K. E. M. Bruce. 1981. The concept of rape in non-humans: A critique. Anim. Behav. 29:1272-73.
31. Famer, D. S., i. R. King, and K. C. Parkes. 1972. Avion biology, Vol. II. Academic Press, New York.
32. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
33. Fitch, M. A. and G. W. Schugart. 1984. Requirements for a mixed reproductive strategy in avian species. Am. Nat. 124:116-126.
34. Frederick, P. 1987a. Responses of male white ibises to their mate's extra-pair copulations. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21:223-228.
35. Frederick, P, 1987b. Extrapair copulations in the mating system of white ibis (Eudocimiis albus). Behaviour 100:170-201.
36. Ghiselin, M. T. 1974. The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. University of California Press, London.
37. Gowaty, P. A. 1996a. Battles of the sexes and origins of monogamy. In }. L. Black (ed.). Partnerships in birds Oxford series in ecology and evolution, pp. 21-52. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
38. Gowaty, P. A. 1996b. Field studies of parental care in birds: New data focus questions on variation in females. In C. T. Snowdon and J. S. Rosenblatt (eds.), Advances in the study of behaviour, pp. 476-531. Academic Press, New York.
39. Gowaty, P. A. 1997. Sexual dialectics, sexual selection, and variation in mating behavior. In P. A. Gowaty (ed.), Feminism and evolutionary biology: Boundaries, intersections, and frontiers, pp. 351-384. Chapman Hall, New York.
40. Gowaty, P. A. and W. C. Bridges. 1991. Behavioral, demographic, and environmental correlates of uncertain parentage in eastern bluebirds. Behavioral Ecology 2:339-350.
41. Gowaty, P. A., J. H. Plissner, and T. G. Williams. 1989.
42. Behavioral correlates of uncertain parentage: Mate guarding and nest guarding by eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis). Animal Behaviour 38:272-284.
43. Greenwood, P. J. 1980. Mating systems, philopatry and dispersal in birds and mammals. Anim. Behav. 28:1140-1162.
44. Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I, II. J. Theor. Biol. 7:1-52.
45. Heinroth, O. 1911. Beitrage zur Biologie, namentlich Ethologie und Psychologie der Anatiden. Verh. 5 Int. Orn. Kong. p. 589-702.
46. Hrdy, S. B. 1997. Raising Darwin's consciousness: Female sexuality and the prehominid origins of patriarchy. Human Nature. 8:1-49.
47. Hunter, F. M., T. Burke, and S. E. Watts. 1992. Frequent copulation as a method of paternity assurance in the northern fulmar. Anim. Behav. 44: 149-156.
48. Hyman, L. H. 1942. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
49. Jacobshagen, E. 1937. Mittel- und enddarm. In L. Bolk, E. Guppart, E. Kallins, and W. Lubosch (eds.), Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere, Vol. 3 pp. 563-724. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin & Wien.
50. Jones, G. 1986. Sexual chases in sand martins (Riparia riparia): cues for males to increase their reproductive success. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 19: 179-185.
51. King, A. S. 1981. Cloaca. In A. S. King and J. McLelland (eds.), Form and function in birds. Vol. 2, pp. 63-147. Academic Press, London.
52. King, A. S. and J. McLelland. 1984. Birds: Their structure and function. Bailliere Tindall, Philadelphia.
53. McKinney, F. S. R. Derrickson, and P. Mineau. 1983. Forced copulation in waterfowl. Behaviour 86: 250-288.
54. Mesnick, S. L. 1997. Sexual alliances: Evidence and evolutionary implications. In P. A. Gowaty (ed.), Feminism and evolutionary biology, pp. 207-259. Chapman Hall, New York.
55. Moller, A. P. 1985. Mixed reproductive strategy and mate guarding in a semi-colonial passerine, the swallow Hinindo rustica. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 17:401-408.
56. M011er, A. P. 1987a. Mate guarding in the swallow Hinindo rustica: An experimental study. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21:119-123.
57. Moller, A. P. 19876. Advantages and disadvantages of coloniality in the swallow, Hinindo rustica Anim. Behav. 35:819-821.
58. Moller, A. P. 1990. Sexual behavior is related to badge size in the house sparrow Passer domeslicus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 27:23-29.
59. Morton, E. S., L. Forman, and M. Braun. 1990. Extrapair fertilizations and the evolution of colonial breeding in purple martins. Auk 107:275-283.
60. Nelson, J. B. 1978. The Sulidae: Gunnels and boobies. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
61. Nishi, S. 1938. Muskeln des Rumpfes. In E. Guppert, E. Kallins, and W. Lubusch (eds.), Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere, Vol. 5, .
62. pp. 351-446. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin & Wien.
63. Parker, G. 1970. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences. Biol. Rev. 45:525-567.
64. Reeve, K. H. and P. W. Sherman. 1993. Adaptation and the goals of evolutionary research. Quart. Rev. Biol. 68:1-21.
65. Roskaft, E. 1983. Male promiscuity and female adultery by the Rook Con-nsfritgilegiis. Omis Scand. 14:175-179.
66. Shields, W. M. and L. M. Shields. 1983. Forcible rape: An evolutionary perspective. Ethol. Sociobiol. 4:115-136.
67. Small, M. E 1993. Female choices: Sexual be/iavior of female primates. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
68. Smuts, B. B. 1992. Male aggression against women: An evolutionary perspective. Human Nature 3:144.
69. Smuts, B. B. and R. W. Smuts. 1993. Male aggression and sexual coercion of females in nonhuman primates and other mammals: Evidence and theoretical implications. In P. J. B. Slater, M. Milinski, J. S. Rosenblatt, and C. T. Snowdon, (eds.), Advances in the study of behavior, Vol. 22, pp. 1-63. Academic Press, New York.
70. Stutchbury, B. J. and D. Neudorf. I997. Female control, breeding synchrony and the evolution of extra-pair mating strategies. In P. Parker and N. Burley (eds.), Extra-pair mating tactics in birds, Ornithol. Monog. (In press)
71. Thornhill, R. 1980. Rape in Panorpa scorpionflies
72. and a general rape hypothesis. Anim. Behav 28" 52-59.
73. Thornhill, R. 1983. Cryptic female choice and its implications in the scorpionfly Harpobittacus nigriceps. Am. Nat. 122:765-788.
74. Thornhill, R. and N. W. Thornhill. 1983. Human rape: An evolutionary analysis. Ethol. Sociobiol. 4: 137-173.
75. Tinbergen, N. 1963. On aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 20:410-433.
76. Trivers, R. L. 1971. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology 46:35-57.
77. Trivers, R. L. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell (ed.). Sexual selection and the descent of man, Aldine, Chicago.
78. Vernier, L. A., P. O. Dunn, J. T. Lifjeld, and R. J. Robertson. 1993. Behavioural patterns of extra-pair copulation in tree s%vallows. Anim. Behav. 45: 412-415.
79. Wagner, R. H. 1991. Evidence that female razorbills control extra-pair copulations. Behaviour 118: 157-69.
80. Westneat, D. F. 1987. Extra-pair copulations in a predominantly monogamous bird: Observations of behavior. Anim. Behav. 35:865-876.
81. Westneat, D. E 1992. Do female red-winged blackbirds engage in a mixed mating strategy? Ethology 92:7-28.
82. Wilson, D. S., D. Near, and R. R. Miller. 1995. Machiavellianism: A synthesis of the evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychol. Bull. (In press)