Corruption and organized crime: Lessons from history

Crime, Law and Social Change

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 155-172

  Beare, Margaret E ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 21944438029     PISSN: 09254994     EISSN: 15730751     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008220609526     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Gold, M. and M. Levi, Money Laundering in the UK: An Appraisal of Suspicion-based Reporting. The Police Foundation and the University of Cardiff. London: The Police Foundation, 7, 1994.
2. United States. US President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. Task Force on Organized Crime. Washington, 1967.
3. Beare, M.E., Criminal Conspiracies: Organized Crime in Canada. Nelson Canada, Toronto, 1996.
4. See Albini, J.L., "Donald Cressey's Contribution to the Study of Organized Crime: An Evaluation," Crime and Delinquency 34, no. 3 (July), 1988;
5. "The Mafia and the Devil: What They have in Common," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 9, no. 3, 1993;
6. Cressey, D., Theft of the Nation: The Structure and Operations of Organized Crime in America. Harper and Row Publ. NY, 1969;
7. Rogovin, C. and F. Martens, "The Evil That Men Do," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice Feb: 62-79, 1992;
8. Hawkins, G., "God and the Mafia," The Public Interest 14, Winter 24-51, 1969;
9. Smith, D., The Mafia Mystique NY Basic Books, 1975.
10. Beare, 29. 1996.
11. What has changed recently however is the fact that those groups who use the services of these criminal may be geographically removed from those who are the victims of these operations. When organized criminals "diversify" beyond commodities such as drugs, gambling, smuggling and pornography/prostitution into massive credit card schemes, large scale frauds, and car theft rings, "demand" countries such as Canada may suddenly find themselves "supplying" the commodities.
12. Merton, R., On Theoretical Sociology. Free Press, NY, 125, 1967.
13. Lupscha, P., "Organized Crime: Rational Choice Not Ethnic Group Behaviour: A Macro Perspective," Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysis Digest. Published by International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts, Washington, Winter 1-8, 1988.
14. See Block. A. and W.J. Chambliss, Organizing Crime. NY: Elsevier, 1981;
15. Chambliss, W.J., On the Take: From Paltry Crooks to Presidents. Bloomington, Indiana Univ. Press, 1978;
16. Potter, G., Criminal Organizations: Vice, Racketeering, and Politics in an American City. Prospect Heights, Ill. Waveland Press, Inc., 1994;
17. Reuter P., Disorganized Crime: The Economics of the Invisible Hand. Cambridge Mass: MIT Press, 1983;
18. Edelhertz, H. and T.D. Overcast, The Business of Organized Crime: An Assessment of Organized Crime Business-Type Activities and Their Implications for Law Enforcement. California: Palmer Press, 1993;
19. Haller, M.H., "Illegal Enterprise: A Theoretical and Historical Interpretation," Criminology Vol. 28, No. 2 207-235, 1990;
20. Landesco, J., Organized Crime in Chicago. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
21. Reuter, P., "Methodological and Institutional Problems in Organized Crime Control," National Institute of Justice Symposium Proceedings (September 25-26), 181, 1987.
22. Stier, E.H. and P. Edwards, "Strategic Decision Making in Organized Crime Control: The Need for a Broadened Perspective," in Major Issues in Organized Crime Control. National Institute of Justice, Washington D.C.: Symposium Proceedings, 1987.
23. Estimates from law enforcement and from the Non-Smokers Rights Association.
24. Customs Intelligence reports and Statistics Canada figures released in May 1993.
25. Linquist, Avey, Macdonald, Baskerville, Contraband Tobacco Estimates, released March, 1993.
26. See Friedrichs, D. "White Collar Crime and the Definitional Quagmire: A Provisional Solution," Journal of Human Justice Vol. 3, No. 2, Spring p. 18, 1992;
27. David Friedrichs encourages the reader to acknowledge the importance of the perception of respectability or legitimacy in discussions regarding white collar crimes or corporate crimes and in the case of cigarette smuggling we musk ask whether the corporate "suppliers" would be seen as culpable if they were less powerful. See also Lernoux, P., In Banks We Trust: Money Making, Lending, and Laundering from Boardrooms to Back Alleys. NY Penquin Books, 1986.
28. McBarnet, D., "Legitimate Rackets: Tax Evasion, Tax Avoidance, and the Boundaries of Legality," Journal of Human Justice Vol. 3, No. 2 Spring 56-74 (p. 71), 1992.