Pulmonary disorders in the training room

Clinics in Sports Medicine

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 541-564

  Pope, James S ^a   Koenig, Steven M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE; AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTITUSSIVE AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; BUDESONIDE; CLARITHROMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; DECONGESTIVE AGENT; DOXYCYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; FORMOTEROL; GATIFLOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN; IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE; KETOLIDE; LEVOFLOXACIN; MACROLIDE; MONTELUKAST; MOXIFLOXACIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OSELTAMIVIR; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIMANTADINE; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; SIALIDASE INHIBITOR; STEROID; TELITHROMYCIN; THEOPHYLLINE; ZAFIRLUKAST; ZANAMIVIR;

ASTHMA; BRONCHITIS; BRONCHOSPASM; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; EXERCISE; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOTHORAX; PREVALENCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RELAXATION TRAINING; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; REVIEW; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; TRAINING; VIRUS INFECTION; VOCAL CORD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ASTHMA, EXERCISE-INDUCED; BRONCHITIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LARYNGEAL DISEASES; LUNG DISEASES; MALE; PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOTHORAX; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROMES; SPORTS MEDICINE; VOCAL CORDS;

EID: 21744463069     PISSN: 02785919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2005.05.003     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. J. DeLozier, H.E. Kerek-Bodden, and T. Lecomte Ambulatory care: France, Federal Republic of Germany, and United States Vital Health Stat 5 1989 1 78
2. J.S. Jonsson, J.A. Sigurdsson, and K.G. Kristinsson Acute bronchitis in adults. How close do we come to its aetiology in general practice? Scand J Prim Health Care 15 3 1997 156 160
3. D.N. MacKay Treatment of acute bronchitis in adults without underlying lung disease J Gen Intern Med 11 9 1996 557 562
4. J.T. Grayston, C.C. Kuo, and S.P. Wang A new Chlamydia psittaci strain, TWAR, isolated in acute respiratory tract infections N Engl J Med 315 3 1986 161 168
5. H.M. Foy, G.E. Kenny, and M.K. Cooney Long-term epidemiology of infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae J Infect Dis 139 6 1979 681 687
6. R.M. Wadowsky, E.A. Castilla, and S. Laus Evaluation of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as etiologic agents of persistent cough in adolescents and adults J Clin Microbiol 40 2 2002 637 640
7. R. Gonzales, J.F. Steiner, and M.A. Sande Antibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians JAMA 278 11 1997 901 904
8. A.G. Mainous III, R.J. Zoorob, and W.J. Hueston Current management of acute bronchitis in ambulatory care: The use of antibiotics and bronchodilators Arch Fam Med 5 2 1996 79 83
9. J. Dingle, G.F. Badger, and W.S. Jordan Jr Illness in the home: a study of 25,000 illnesses in a group of Cleveland families 1964 The Press of Western Reserve University Cleveland (OH)
10. J. Treanor Influenza virus G. Mandell J.E. Bennett R. Dolin Principles and practice of infectious diseases 5th edition 2000 Churchill Livingstone Philadelphia
11. K.A. Covalciuc, K.H. Webb, and C.A. Carlson Comparison of four clinical specimen types for detection of influenza A and B viruses by optical immunoassay (FLU OIA test) and cell culture methods J Clin Microbiol 37 12 1999 3971 3974
12. S. Postels-Multani, H.J. Schmitt, and C.H. Wirsing von Konig Symptoms and complications of pertussis in adults Infection 23 3 1995 139 142
13. S. Deeks, G. De Serres, and N. Boulianne Failure of physicians to consider the diagnosis of pertussis in children Clin Infect Dis 28 4 1999 840 846
14. M.E. Nennig, H.R. Shinefield, and K.M. Edwards Prevalence and incidence of adult pertussis in an urban population JAMA 275 21 1996 1672 1674
15. C.M. Mink, J.D. Cherry, and P. Christenson A search for Bordetella pertussis infection in university students Clin Infect Dis 14 2 1992 464 471
16. S.W. Wright, K.M. Edwards, and M.D. Decker Pertussis infection in adults with persistent cough JAMA 273 13 1995 1044 1046
17. S. Schmitt-Grohe, J.D. Cherry, and U. Heininger Pertussis in German adults Clin Infect Dis 21 4 1995 860 866
18. N.H. Birkebaek, M. Kristiansen, and T. Seefeldt Bordetella pertussis and chronic cough in adults Clin Infect Dis 29 5 1999 1239 1242
19. D. Bejuk, J. Begovac, and A. Bace Culture of Bordetella pertussis from three upper respiratory tract specimens Pediatr Infect Dis J 14 1 1995 64 65
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for the control of pertussis outbreaks 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta (GA)
21. J.G. Bartlett, S.F. Dowell, and L.A. Mandell Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Infectious Diseases Society of America Clin Infect Dis 31 2 2000 347 382
22. L.A. Mandell, J.G. Bartlett, and S.F. Dowel Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults Clin Infect Dis 37 11 2003 1405 1433
23. R.S. Janssen, M.E. St Louis, and G.A. Satten HIV infection among patients in U.S. acute care hospitals. Strategies for the counseling and testing of the hospital patients. The Hospital HIV Surveillance Group N Engl J Med 327 7 1992 445 452
24. F.G. Hayden, L. Diamond, and P.B. Wood Effectiveness and safety of intranasal ipratropium bromide in common colds. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Ann Intern Med 125 2 1996 89 97
25. N. Aberg, B. Aberg, and K. Alestig The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglycate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections Clin Exp Allergy 26 9 1996 1045 1050
26. I. Marshall Zinc for the common cold Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2000 CD001364
27. R.M. Douglas, E.B. Chalker, and B. Treacy Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2000 CD000980
28. S.N. Meydani, L.S. Leka, and B.C. Fine Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial JAMA 292 7 2004 828 836
29. D. Melchart, K. Linde, and P. Fischer Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2000 CD000530
30. S.O. Bergquist, S. Bernander, and H. Dahnsjo Erythromycin in the treatment of pertussis: a study of bacteriologic and clinical effects Pediatr Infect Dis J 6 5 1987 458 461
31. J.M. Langley, S.A. Halperin, and F.D. Boucher Azithromycin is as effective as and better tolerated than erythromycin estolate for the treatment of pertussis Pediatrics 114 1 2004 e96 e101
32. T. Aoyama, K. Sunakawa, and S. Iwata Efficacy of short-term treatment of pertussis with clarithromycin and azithromycin J Pediatr 129 5 1996 761 764
33. E.L. Hewlett, and K.M. Edwards Clinical practice. Pertussis-not just for kids N Engl J Med 352 12 2005 1215 1222
34. J.D. Urschel Thoracoscopic treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. A review J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 34 6 1993 535 537
35. D.S. Kukafka, D.M. Lang, and S. Porter Exercise-induced bronchospasm in high school athletes via a free running test: incidence and epidemiology Chest 114 6 1998 1613 1622
36. S.G. Rice, C.W. Bierman, and G.G. Shapiro Identification of exercise-induced asthma among intercollegiate athletes Ann Allergy 55 6 1985 790 793
37. L.A. Sonna, K.C. Angel, and M.A. Sharp The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm among US Army recruits and its effects on physical performance Chest 119 6 2001 1676 1684
38. R.A. Feinstein, J. LaRussa, and A. Wang-Dohlman Screening adolescent athletes for exercise-induced asthma Clin J Sport Med 6 2 1996 119 123
39. E.T. Mannix, M.A. Roberts, and H.J. Dukes Airways hyperresponsiveness in high school athletes J Asthma 41 5 2004 567 574
40. E.R. McFadden Jr, and I.A. Gilbert Exercise-induced asthma N Engl J Med 330 19 1994 1362 1367
41. M.R. Bonsignore, G. Morici, and A.M. Vignola Increased airway inflammatory cells in endurance athletes: what do they mean? Clin Exp Allergy 33 1 2003 14 21
42. S. Hashimoto, K. Matsumoto, and Y. Gon Hyperosmolarity-induced interleukin-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 2 1999 634 640
43. S. Hashimoto, Y. Gon, and K. Matsumoto Inhalant corticosteroids inhibit hyperosmolarity-induced, and cooling and rewarming-induced interleukin-8 and RANTES production by human bronchial epithelial cells Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 3 Pt 1 2000 1075 1080
44. A.N. Freed, and M.S. Davis Hyperventilation with dry air increases airway surface fluid osmolality in canine peripheral airways Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 4 Pt 1 1999 1101 1107
45. A.N. Freed, B. Bromberger-Barnea, and H.A. Menkes Dry air-induced constriction in lung periphery: a canine model of exercise-induced asthma J Appl Physiol 59 6 1985 1986 1990
46. S.D. Anderson, and E. Daviskas The mechanism of exercise-induced asthma is... J Allergy Clin Immunol 106 3 2000 453 459
47. I.J. Helenius, P. Rytila, and T. Metso Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and cellular characteristics of induced sputum in elite swimmers Allergy 53 4 1998 346 352
48. A.F. Gelb, D.P. Tashkin, and J.D. Epstein Exercise-induced bronchodilation in asthma Chest 87 2 1985 196 201
49. E. Crimi, R. Pellegrino, and A. Smeraldi Exercise-induced bronchodilation in natural and induced asthma: effects on ventilatory response and performance J Appl Physiol 92 6 2002 2353 2360
50. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma Update on Selected Topics-2002 J Allergy Clin Immunol 110 Suppl 5 2002 S141 S219
51. K.W. Rundell, J. Im, and L.B. Mayers Self-reported symptoms and exercise-induced asthma in the elite athlete Med Sci Sports Exerc 33 2 2001 208 213
52. K. Holzer, and P. Brukner Screening of athletes for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Clin J Sport Med 14 3 2004 134 138
53. J.M. Kyle, R.B. Walker, and S.L. Hanshaw Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the young athlete: guidelines for routine screening and initial management Med Sci Sports Exerc 24 8 1992 856 859
54. K. Holzer, S.D. Anderson, and J. Douglass Exercise in elite summer athletes: challenges for diagnosis J Allergy Clin Immunol 110 3 2002 374 380
55. K.M. Hurwitz, G.J. Argyros, and J.M. Roach Interpretation of eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation in the diagnosis of asthma Chest 108 5 1995 1240 1245
56. K.W. Rundell, S.D. Anderson, and B.A. Spiering Field exercise vs laboratory eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation to identify airway hyperresponsiveness in elite cold weather athletes Chest 125 3 2004 909 915
57. M. Scollo, S. Zanconato, and R. Ongaro Exhaled nitric oxide and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161 3 Pt 1 2000 1047 1050
58. S.M. ElHalawani, N.T. Ly, and R.T. Mahon Exhaled nitric oxide as a predictor of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Chest 124 2 2003 639 643
59. W.E. Pierson, and R.O. Voy Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the XXIII summer Olympic games Acta Paediatr Jpn 29 5 1987 695 700
60. E. Millqvist, B. Bake, and U. Bengtsson A breathing filter exchanging heat and moisture prevents asthma induced by cold air Allergy 50 3 1995 225 228
61. A.T. Edmunds, M. Tooley, and S. Godfrey The refractory period after exercise-induced asthma: its duration and relation to the severity of exercise Am Rev Respir Dis 117 2 1978 247 254
62. E.R. Bleecker, M.J. Welch, and S.F. Weinstein Low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate versus oral zafirlukast in the treatment of persistent asthma J Allergy Clin Immunol 105 6 Pt 1 2000 1123 1129
63. W. Busse, G.D. Raphael, and S. Galant Low-dose fluticasone propionate compared with montelukast for first-line treatment of persistent asthma: a randomized clinical trial J Allergy Clin Immunol 107 3 2001 461 468
64. S. Holt, A. Suder, and M. Weatherall Dose-response relation of inhaled fluticasone propionate in adolescents and adults with asthma: meta-analysis BMJ 323 7307 2001 253 256
65. T. Haahtela, M. Jarvinen, and T. Kava Effects of reducing or discontinuing inhaled budesonide in patients with mild asthma N Engl J Med 331 11 1994 700 705
66. S. Shrewsbury, S. Pyke, and M. Britton Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA) BMJ 320 7246 2000 1368 1373
67. J.E. Fish, E. Israel, and J.J. Murray Salmeterol powder provides significantly better benefit than montelukast in asthmatic patients receiving concomitant inhaled corticosteroid therapy Chest 120 2 2001 423 430
68. H.S. Nelson, R.A. Nathan, and C. Kalberg Comparison of inhaled salmeterol and oral zafirlukast in asthmatic patients using concomitant inhaled corticosteroids MedGenMed 3 4 2001 3
69. S.W. Stoloff, D.A. Stempel, and J. Meyer Improved refill persistence with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol in a single inhaler compared with other controller therapies J Allergy Clin Immunol 113 2 2004 245 251
70. S.D. Anderson Single-dose agents in the prevention of exercise-induced asthma: a descriptive review Treat Respir Med 3 6 2004 365 379
71. B.J. Perera Salmeterol multicentre asthma research trial (SMART): interim analysis shows increased risk of asthma related deaths Ceylon Med J 48 3 2003 99
72. K.D. Kelly, C.H. Spooner, and B.H. Rowe Nedocromil sodium versus sodium cromoglycate in treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: a systematic review Eur Respir J 17 1 2001 39 45
73. C.H. Spooner, G.R. Spooner, and B.H. Rowe Mast-cell stabilising agents to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 2003 CD002307
74. K.M. Latimer, P.M. O'Byrne, and M.M. Morris Bronchoconstriction stimulated by airway cooling. Better protection with combined inhalation of terbutaline sulphate and cromolyn sodium than with either alone Am Rev Respir Dis 128 3 1983 440 443
75. K.B. Newman, U.G. Mason III, and K.B. Schmaling Clinical features of vocal cord dysfunction Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 4 Pt 1 1995 1382 1386
76. M.J. Morris, L. Deal, and D.R. Bean Vocal cord dysfunction in patients with exertional dyspnea Chest 116 6 1999 1676 1682
77. K.W. Rundell, and B.A. Spiering Inspiratory stridor in elite athletes Chest 123 2 2003 468 474
78. P.W. Collett, T. Brancatisano, and L.A. Engel Changes in the glottic aperture during bronchial asthma Am Rev Respir Dis 128 4 1983 719 723
79. K.L. Christopher, R.P. Wood II, and R.C. Eckert Vocal-cord dysfunction presenting as asthma N Engl J Med 308 26 1983 1566 1570
80. E.R. McFadden Jr, and D.K. Zawadski Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma. a physiologic cause for "choking" during athletic activities Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153 3 1996 942 947
81. K.E. Fallon Upper airway obstruction masquerading as exercise induced bronchospasm in an elite road cyclist Br J Sports Med 38 4 2004 E9
82. M.D. Sullivan, B.M. Heywood, and D.R. Beukelman A treatment for vocal cord dysfunction in female athletes: an outcome study Laryngoscope 111 10 2001 1751 1755
83. M. Weir Vocal cord dysfunction mimics asthma and may respond to heliox Clin Pediatr (Phila) 41 1 2002 37 41
84. P. Jennum, and A. Sjol Self-assessed cognitive function in snorers and sleep apneics. An epidemiological study of 1,504 females and males aged 30-60 years: the Dan-MONICA II Study Eur Neurol 34 4 1994 204 208
85. H.C. Kim, T. Young, and C.G. Matthews Sleep-disordered breathing and neuropsychological deficits. A population-based study Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156 6 1997 1813 1819
86. J. He, M.H. Kryger, and F.J. Zorick Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea. Experience in 385 male patients Chest 94 1 1988 9 14
87. E.O. Bixler, A.N. Vgontzas, and T. Ten Have Effects of age on sleep apnea in men: I. Prevalence and severity Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 1 1998 144 148
88. E.O. Bixler, A.N. Vgontzas, and H.M. Lin Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163 3 Pt 1 2001 608 613
89. T. Young, P.E. Peppard, and D.J. Gottlieb Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165 9 2002 1217 1239
90. A. Kales, R.J. Cadieux, and E.O. Bixler Severe obstructive sleep apnea-I: Onset, clinical course, and characteristics J Chronic Dis 38 5 1985 419 425
91. D.R. Dancey, P.J. Hanly, and C. Soong Gender differences in sleep apnea: the role of neck circumference Chest 123 5 2003 1544 1550
92. I. Katz, J. Stradling, and A.S. Slutsky Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? Am Rev Respir Dis 141 5 Pt 1 1990 1228 1231
93. R.J. Davies, and J.R. Stradling The relationship between neck circumference, radiographic pharyngeal anatomy, and the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Eur Respir J 3 5 1990 509 514
94. S. Redline, P.V. Tishler, and M.G. Hans Racial differences in sleep-disordered breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155 1 1997 186 192
95. F.J. Nieto, T.B. Young, and B.K. Lind Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study. Sleep Heart Health Study JAMA 283 14 2000 1829 1836
96. P.E. Peppard, T. Young, and M. Palta Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension N Engl J Med 342 19 2000 1378 1384
97. T. Mooe, T. Rabben, and U. Wiklund Sleep-disordered breathing in men with coronary artery disease Chest 109 3 1996 659 663
98. S. Javaheri, T.J. Parker, and J.D. Liming Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure. Types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations Circulation 97 21 1998 2154 2159
99. J.W. Shepard Jr, M.W. Garrison, and D.A. Grither Relationship of ventricular ectopy to oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea Chest 88 3 1985 335 340
100. C.F. George, V. Kab, and P. Kab Sleep and breathing in professional football players Sleep Med 4 4 2003 317 325
101. C.F. George, V. Kab, and A.M. Levy Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among professional football players N Engl J Med 348 4 2003 367 368
102. J.B. Dixon, L.M. Schachter, and P.E. O'Brien Predicting sleep apnea and excessive day sleepiness in the severely obese: indicators for polysomnography Chest 123 4 2003 1134 1141
103. Y. Yamashiro, and M.H. Kryger Nocturnal oximetry: is it a screening tool for sleep disorders? Sleep 18 3 1995 167 171
104. ATS/ACCP/AASM Taskforce Steering Committee Executive summary on the systematic review and practice parameters for portable monitoring in the investigation of suspected sleep apnea in adults Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169 10 2004 1160 1163
105. S.M. Caples, A.S. Gami, and V.K. Somers Obstructive sleep apnea Ann Intern Med 142 3 2005 187 197
106. E. Ballester, J.R. Badia, and L. Hernandez Evidence of the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 2 1999 495 501
107. C. Jenkinson, R.J. Davies, and R. Mullins Comparison of therapeutic and subtherapeutic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised prospective parallel trial Lancet 353 9170 1999 2100 2105
108. J. Beecroft, S. Zanon, and D. Lukic Oral continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnea: effectiveness, patient preference, and adherence Chest 124 6 2003 2200 2208
109. P.L. Smith, A.R. Gold, and D.A. Meyers Weight loss in mildly to moderately obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea Ann Intern Med 103 6 (Pt 1 1985 850 855
110. H. Gotsopoulos, C. Chen, and J. Qian Oral appliance therapy improves symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, controlled trial Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166 5 2002 743 748
111. A.E. Sher, K.B. Schechtman, and J.F. Piccirillo The efficacy of surgical modifications of the upper airway in adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Sleep 19 2 1996 156 177
112. C. Hattori, T. Nishimura, and K. Kawakatsu Comparison of surgery and nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 550 2003 46 50
113. J.L. Pepin, D. Veale, and P. Mayer Critical analysis of the results of surgery in the treatment of snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Sleep 19 Suppl 9 1996 S90 S100
114. S.A. Sahn, and J.E. Heffner Spontaneous pneumothorax N Engl J Med 342 12 2000 868 874
115. O. Lesur, N. Delorme, and J.M. Fromaget Computed tomography in the etiologic assessment of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax Chest 98 2 1990 341 347
116. L. Bense, R. Lewander, and G. Eklund Nonsmoking, non-alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency-induced emphysema in nonsmokers with healed spontaneous pneumothorax, identified by computed tomography of the lungs Chest 103 2 1993 433 438
117. R. Light Pleural diseases 3rd edition 1995 Williams & Wilkins Baltimore (MD)
118. M.M. Johnson Catamenial pneumothorax and other thoracic manifestations of endometriosis Clin Chest Med 25 2 2004 311 319
119. I.Z. Abolnik, I.S. Lossos, and J. Zlotogora On the inheritance of primary spontaneous pneumothorax Am J Med Genet 40 2 1991 155 158
120. W.R. Primrose Spontaneous pneumothorax: a retrospective review of aetiology, pathogenesis and management Scott Med J 29 1 1984 15 20
121. L. Bense, L.G. Wiman, and G. Hedenstierna Onset of symptoms in spontaneous pneumothorax: correlations to physical activity Eur J Respir Dis 71 3 1987 181 186
122. M. Bradley, C. Williams, and M.J. Walshaw The value of routine expiratory chest films in the diagnosis of pneumothorax Arch Emerg Med 8 2 1991 115 116
123. M.H. Baumann, C. Strange, and J.E. Heffner Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement Chest 119 2 2001 590 602
124. T. Soulsby British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax: do we comply with them and do they work? J Accid Emerg Med 15 5 1998 317 321
125. A. Devanand, M.S. Koh, and T.H. Ong Simple aspiration versus chest-tube insertion in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: a systematic review Respir Med 98 7 2004 579 590
126. R.W. Light Talc should not be used for pleurodesis Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162 6 2000 2024 2026
127. R.W. Light, V.S. O'Hara, and T.E. Moritz Intrapleural tetracycline for the prevention of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study JAMA 264 17 1990 2224 2230
128. F.M. Schramel, P.E. Postmus, and R.G. Vanderschueren Current aspects of spontaneous pneumothorax Eur Respir J 10 6 1997 1372 1379
129. H.L. Lippert, O. Lund, and S. Blegvad Independent risk factors for cumulative recurrence rate after first spontaneous pneumothorax Eur Respir J 4 3 1991 324 331
130. R.P. Baughman, and R.G. Loudon Stridor: differentiation from asthma or upper airway noise Am Rev Respir Dis 139 6 1989 1407 1409
131. S.D. Anderson, and K. Holzer Exercise-induced asthma: is it the right diagnosis in elite athletes? J Allergy Clin Immunol 106 3 2000 419 428
132. R.M. Niven, T. Roberts, and C.A. Pickering Functional upper airways obstruction presenting as asthma Respir Med 86 6 1992 513 516