Factors affecting organic carbon dynamics in soils of Nepal/Himalayan region - A review and analysis

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 215-229

  Sitaula, B K ^a   Bajracharya, R M ^b   Singh, B R ^a   Solberg, B ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES   (Norway)

^b KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY   (Nepal)

Author keywords

Erosion; Himalaya; Land use; Nepal; SOC; SOC stock; Watershed

Indexed keywords

LAND USE; ORGANIC CARBON; SOIL CHEMISTRY;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; HIMALAYAS; NEPAL; SOUTH ASIA; WORLD;

EID: 21744439804     PISSN: 13851314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:FRES.0000048474.85331.7d     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (65)

1. Avnimelch Y. and McHenry J.R. 1984. Enrichment of transported sediments with organic carbon content and clay. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48: 259-266.
2. Awasthi K.D., Sitaula B.K., Singh B.R. and Bajracharya R.M. 2002. Land use changes and morphometric analysis using GIS for two mountain watersheds of western Nepal. Land Degrad. Dev. 13: 1-19.
3. Bajracharya R.M. 1999. Biodiversity Conservation and Economic Development in the Phulchoki and Chandragiri Hill Areas: Soil Conservation and Agriculture Aspects. BIWMP Study Project Report. Bagmati Integrated Watershed Management Programme, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
4. Bajracharya R.M., Lal R. and Kimble J.M. 1998. Soil organic carbon distribution in aggregates and primary particle fractions as influenced by erosion phases and landscape position. In: Lal R., Kimble J., Follett R. and Stewart B.A. (eds), Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 353-367.
5. Baral S.R., Malla M.B. and Howell J. 1999. Reclaiming Rato Mato: A Study of the Rehabilitation of Red Clay Soils in the Nepal Middle Hills. Department of Roads, HMG/Ministry of Works and Transport, and Ecological Society, Kathmandu, Nepal, 44 pp.
6. Bouman A.F. 1990. Exchange of greenhouse gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In: Bouman A.F. (ed.), Soils and the Greenhouse Effect. John Wiley Publishers, Chichester, UK, pp. 61-127.
7. Brown S., Schreier H., Shah P.B. and Lavkulich L.M. 1999. Modelling of soil nutrient budgets: an assessment of agricultural sustainability. Soil Use Manage. 15: 101-108.
8. Carson B. 1992. The land, the farmers and the future. A soil fertility management strategy for Nepal. ICIMOD occasional paper no. 21, International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.
9. Carter A.S. and Gilmour D.A. 1989. Increase in tree cover on private farmland in central Nepal. Mount. Res. Dev. 9: 111-134.
10. Denholm J. 1991. Agroforestry in Mountain Areas of the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region. ICIMOD occasional paper no. 17. International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.
11. Dixon R., Houghton R.A., Solomon A.M., Trexler M.C. and Wisniewski J. 1994. Carbon pool and flux of global forest ecosystem. Science 263: 185-190.
12. FAO 1994. The collection and analysis of land degradation data. Report of the expert consultation of the Asian Network for Soil Problem, Bangkok, Thailand.
13. FAO 1997. Soil Map of the World. International Soil Reference and Information Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
14. Fox J. 1993. Forest Resources in a Nepali Village in 1980 and 1990: The positive influence of population growth. Mount. Res. Dev. 13: 89-98.
15. Gilmor D.A. 1989. Forest resources and indigenous management in Nepal. Working Paper No. 17, East West Center Honolulu, Hawaii.
16. Golchin A., Baddock J.A. and Oades J.M. 1998. A model linking organic matter decomposition chemistry and aggregate dynamics. In: Lal R., Kimble J., Follett R. and Stewart B.A. (eds), Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 245-266.
17. Griffin D.M., Shepherd K.R. and Mahat T.B.S. 1988. Human impact on some forests of the middle hills of Nepal, Part 5. Comparisons, concepts and some policy implications. Mount. Res. Dev. 8: 43-52.
18. Houghton R.A. and Hackler J.L. 1999. Emission of carbon from forestry and land-use changes in tropical Asia. Glob. Chan. Biol. 5: 481-492.
19. ICIMOD 1993. Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Symposium of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, December 1-2, 1993. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, 78 pp.
20. ICIMOD 1995. Challenges in mountain resource management in Nepal: Processes, trends and dynamics in middle mountain watersheds. In: Proceeding workshop of the ICIMOD/IDEC/BC, Kathmandu, Nepal, http://www.icimod.org
21. ICIMOD 2001. ICIMOD web page: http://www.icimod.org/ projects/pardyp/ pardyp2.htm
22. Kadaria R.K. 1992. The development of sustainable livestock production systems in the Mid hills of Nepal, based upon agroforestry concepts. LAC Seminar Paper No. 1992/16, 1, Pokhara, Nepal.
23. Jiang K., Masui T., Morita T. and Matsuoka Y. 2000. Long-term GHG emission scenario for Asia-Pacific and the world. Technol. Forecast Soc. 63 (2-3): 207-229.
24. Keating J.D.H., Qui A., Wheeler T.R., Subedi M., Shah PB. and Ellis R.H. 1999. Annual legume species as green manures/cover crops in low-income farming systems of Nepal. Mount. Res. Dev. 119: 325-332.
25. Kirschbaum M.U.F. 2000. Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming? Biogeochemistry 48: 21-51.
26. KTM Post 1999. The Kathmandu Post, National Daily, October 8, 1999, Kathmandu, Nepal.
27. Lal R. 1995. The role of residue management in sustainable agriculture. J. Sust. Agricult. 5: 51-78.
28. Lal R., Kimble J. and Stewart B.A. 1995. World soils as a source or sink for radiatively-active gases. In: Lal R., Kimble J., Levine E. and Stewart B.A. (eds), Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 1-8.
29. LRMP 1986. Land Resources Mapping Project, Land System Report, LRMP Report. Kentig Earth Science Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal.
30. Mahat T.B.S. 1987. Forestry farmers linkages in the mountain. ICIMOD Occasional Paper No. 7, Kathmandu, Nepal.
31. Maskey R.B. and Joshy D. 1998. Introduction to some sub-catchments for catchments study MSEC project, Nepal. Paper presented in MSEC second consortium assembly, held on 8-12 June, 1998. Hanoi, Vietnam.
32. Nelson P.N., Dictor M.C. and Soulas G. 1994. Availability of organic carbon in soluble and particle-size fractions from a soil profile. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: 1549-1555.
33. Neupane R.P., Sitaula B.K. and Thapa G.B. 2000. Deforestation and agroforestry in the hills of Nepal. In: Låg J. (ed.), Geomedical Problems in Developing Countries. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo, Norway, pp. 220-223.
34. Pahari K.J. 1993. Soil Erosion Susceptibility Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Andhikhola Watershed Nepal. Master Thesis No. NR 93-16, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
35. Pandey S.P., Tamang D.B. and Baidya S.N. 1995. Soil fertility management and agricultural production issues with reference to middle mountain regions of Nepal. In: Scheier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 41-49.
36. Paudel G.S. 1997. Integration of forest and rangeland management for livestock development in the hills of Nepal. M.Sc. Dissertation NR 97-16, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
37. Paudel G.S. 2001. Farmer's land management practices in the hills of Nepal: A cooperative study of watersheds 'with' and 'without' external intervention. Ph.D. Dissertation NR 01-2, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
38. Paul E.A. and Clark F.E. 1988. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
39. Post W.M. and Kwon K.C. 2000. Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential. Global Change 6: 317-327.
40. Post W.M. and Mann L.K. 1990. Change in soil organic matter and nitrogen as a result of cultivation. In: Bouman A.F. (ed.), Soils and the Greenhouse Effect. John Wiley Publishers, Chichester, UK.
41. Raich J.W. and Tufekcigul A. 2000. Vegetation and soil respiration: correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry 48: 71-90.
42. Sah B.P. 1996. Degradation and its socio economic impacts using RS and GIS: A case study of Trijuga watershed Nepal. M.Sc. Thesis NR 96-20, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
43. Schreier H., Brown S. and Shah P.B. 1995. Identification of key resource issues: Discussions and recommendations. In: Scheier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 247-252.
44. Shah P.B. and Schreier H. 1995. Maintaining soil fertility in agriculture and forestry. In: Scheier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 171-182.
45. Shah P.B. 1996. Soil fertility and erosion based unsustainability concerns in Nepal. In: Workshop Proceeding: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Management. NARC, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp. 78-88.
46. Shah P.B., Schreier H.E. and Nakarmi G. 1999. Rehabilitation of degraded lands. In: Allen A., Scheier H., Brown S. and Shah P.B. (eds), The People and Resource Dynamics Project. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 139-147.
47. Sherchan D.B. and Gurung B.P. 1995. An integrated nutrient management system for sustaining soil fertility: opportunities and strategy for soil fertility research in the hills. In: Schreier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal. Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 63-80.
48. Shrestha D.P. and Zinck J.A. 1999. Land degradation assessment using GIS: A case study in the middle mountain region of the Nepalese Himalaya. Proceedings of the international conference: Geoinformatics-Beyond 2000. http://pages.hotbot.com/edu/geoinformatics/f64.htm.
49. Shrestha S. and Brown S. 1995. Land use dynamics and intensification. In: Scheier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 129-140.
50. Shrestha B.M., Sitaula B.K., Bajracharya R.M. and Singh B.R. 2002. Soil organic carbon stocks, storage profile and sequestration in soil aggregate under different land uses in a hill watershed of Nepal. Paper presented at NJF seminar no. 342: Agricultural soils and greenhouse gasses in cool-temperate climate, 31 July-3 August 2002, Reykholt, Iceland.
51. Singh B.R. and Lal R. 2001. The potential of Norwegian soils to sequester carbon through land use conversion and improved management practices. Report published by the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
52. Sitaula B.K., Newpane R.P., Paudel G.S., Sankhayan P.L., Singh B.R. and Hofstad O. 2000. Land degradation in the Himalayan region - An interdisciplinary approach to analyze system behavior. In: Låg J. (ed.), Geomedical Problems in Developing Countries. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo, Norway, pp. 193-208.
53. Sombreck W., Nachtergaele F. and Hebel A. 1993. Amounts, dynamics and sequestering of carbon in tropical and subtropical soils. Ambio 22: 417-426.
54. Thapa G.B. and Weber K.E. 1993. Managing mountain watersheds: The Upper Pokhara Valley Nepal, HSD Monograph No. 22, AIT, Bangkok, Thailand.
55. Thapa G.B. and Weber K.E. 1995. Status of management of watersheds in the Upper Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Environ. Manage. 19: 497-513.
56. Tisdall J.M. 1996. Formation of soil aggregates and accumulation of soil organic matter. In: Carter M.R. and Stewart B.A. (eds), Structure and Soil Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils. Adv. Soil Sci., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 57-96.
57. Tiwari D.N. 1990. Watershed modelling estimation of surface run-off and soil erosion rate: A case study of Nakkhu khola watershed Nepal, M.Sc. Thesis NR 90-1. Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.
58. Tripathi B.P. 1996. Present soil fertility research status and future research strategy in the western hills of Nepal. Proceeding of workshop: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Management. NARC, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp. 42-60.
59. Tripathi B.P. 1999. Review of acid soil and its management in Nepal. Lumle seminar paper no. 99/1NARC, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 1-11.
60. Tripathi B.P. 2000. Review of Literature on Soil Fertility Research in the Hills of Nepal. Paper presented in the workshop: Soil Fertility Research in the Hills of Nepal. NARC, Lalitpur, Nepal.
61. Tripathi B.P., Gardner R., Mawdesley K.J., Acharya G.P. and Sah R.P 1999. Soil erosion and fertility losses in the western hills of Nepal: An overview. Lumle Seminar Paper No 99/9, Pokhara, Nepal.
62. UNCD 1992. National Report on United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCD, Country: Nepal). Web site: http://www.Nepalhomepage.Com/ Development/Unced.Html
63. Vaidya A., Turton C., Joshi K.D. and Tuladhar J.K. 1995. A system analysis of soil fertility issues in the hills of Nepal: Implications for future research. In: Scheier H., Shah P.B. and Brown S. (eds), Challenges in Mountain Resource Management in Nepal: Processes Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain Watersheds. ICIMOD/IDEC/BC, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 63-80.
64. Wit H. and Kvindesland S. 1999. Carbon stocks in Norwegian forest soils and effects of forest management on carbon storage. Rapport fra skogforskningen Suppl. 14. NISK, Aas, Norway, 52 pp.
65. Yadav Y. 1992. Farming-forestry-livestock linkages: A component of mountain farmers' strategies (Nepal). In: Jodha N.S., Banskota M. and Partap T. (eds), Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Vol. 1: Perspectives and Issues. Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK.