메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 251-259

A Review of the Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Do Racial Differences Matter?

Author keywords

Ethnicity; Pelvic floor dysfunction; Pelvic organ prolapse; Racial; Stress urinary incontinence; Urinary incontinence

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN;

EID: 21744437140     PISSN: 17012163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)30518-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (94)
  • 1
    • 84971404856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; Soanes
    • Pocket Oxford English Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. Soanes; p. 305.
    • (2002) , pp. 305
  • 2
    • 84971396162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; Soanes
    • Pocket Oxford English Dictionary. 9th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002. Soanes. p. 739.
    • (2002) , pp. 739
  • 3
    • 0035101519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of clinical evaluation of stress urinary incontinence: a summary of the published literature
    • Harvey MA, Versi E Predictive value of clinical evaluation of stress urinary incontinence: a summary of the published literature. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2001, 12:31-37.
    • (2001) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct , vol.12 , pp. 31-37
    • Harvey, M.A.1    Versi, E.2
  • 4
    • 0025285256 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in the community dwelling population
    • Wyman JF, Harkins SW, Fand JA Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in the community dwelling population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990, 38:282-288.
    • (1990) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.38 , pp. 282-288
    • Wyman, J.F.1    Harkins, S.W.2    Fand, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 0025876748 scopus 로고
    • The quality of life in women with urinary incontinence as measured by the sickness impact profile
    • Hunskaar S, Vinsnes A The quality of life in women with urinary incontinence as measured by the sickness impact profile. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991, 39:378-382.
    • (1991) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.39 , pp. 378-382
    • Hunskaar, S.1    Vinsnes, A.2
  • 6
    • 0036213951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informal caregiving time and costs for urinary incontinence in older individuals in the United States
    • Langa KM, Fultz NH, Saint S, Kabeto MU, Herzog AR Informal caregiving time and costs for urinary incontinence in older individuals in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 5(4):733-737.
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 733-737
    • Langa, K.M.1    Fultz, N.H.2    Saint, S.3    Kabeto, M.U.4    Herzog, A.R.5
  • 7
    • 0032030477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic costs ofurinary incontinence in 1995
    • Wagner TH, Hu TW Economic costs ofurinary incontinence in 1995. Urology 1998, 51(3):355-361.
    • (1998) Urology , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-361
    • Wagner, T.H.1    Hu, T.W.2
  • 8
    • 0025193969 scopus 로고
    • Impact of urinary incontinence on health care costs
    • Hu T Impact of urinary incontinence on health care costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990, 38:292-295.
    • (1990) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.38 , pp. 292-295
    • Hu, T.1
  • 9
    • 0033667162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of urinary incontinence
    • Milsom I The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000, 79(12):1056-1059.
    • (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.79 , Issue.12 , pp. 1056-1059
    • Milsom, I.1
  • 10
    • 0023892720 scopus 로고
    • Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice
    • Jolleys JV Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice. Br Med J 1988, 296:1300-1302.
    • (1988) Br Med J , vol.296 , pp. 1300-1302
    • Jolleys, J.V.1
  • 12
    • 0029833730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The standardisation of terrninology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction
    • Bump R, Mattiasson A, Bo K, Brubaker L, DeLancey J, Klarskov P, et al. The standardisation of terrninology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1996, 175(1):10-17.
    • (1996) AmJ Obstet Gynecol , vol.175 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-17
    • Bump, R.1    Mattiasson, A.2    Bo, K.3    Brubaker, L.4    DeLancey, J.5    Klarskov, P.6
  • 14
    • 0035207104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometrie evaluation of 2 comprehensive condition-specific quality of life instruments for women with pelvic floor disorders
    • Barber MD, Kuchibhada MN, Pieper CF, Bump RC Psychometrie evaluation of 2 comprehensive condition-specific quality of life instruments for women with pelvic floor disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001, 185(6):1388-1395.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , Issue.6 , pp. 1388-1395
    • Barber, M.D.1    Kuchibhada, M.N.2    Pieper, C.F.3    Bump, R.C.4
  • 15
    • 0027969251 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of female pelvic floor dysfunction
    • Mallet VT, Bump RC The epidemiology of female pelvic floor dysfunction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1994, 6(4):308-312.
    • (1994) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 308-312
    • Mallet, V.T.1    Bump, R.C.2
  • 16
    • 0032914239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ame Victor Fr, Tibblin G, Svardsudd KF. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20-59 years of age and possible related factors
    • Samuelsson EC Ame Victor Fr, Tibblin G, Svardsudd KF. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20-59 years of age and possible related factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999, 180:299-305.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , pp. 299-305
    • Samuelsson, E.C.1
  • 18
    • 0031127072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence
    • Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997, 89(4):501-506.
    • (1997) Obstet Gynecol , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 501-506
    • Olsen, A.L.1    Smith, V.J.2    Bergstrom, J.O.3    Colling, J.C.4    Clark, A.L.5
  • 19
    • 0027517486 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and biomechanics of genital prolapse
    • Delancey JOL Anatomy and biomechanics of genital prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993, 36:897-909.
    • (1993) Clin Obstet Gynecol , vol.36 , pp. 897-909
    • Delancey, J.O.L.1
  • 20
    • 0035693342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPICONT study
    • Rortveit G, Hannestad YS, Daltveit AK, Huskaar S Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPICONT study. Obstet Gynecol 2001, 98(6):1004-1010.
    • (2001) Obstet Gynecol , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Rortveit, G.1    Hannestad, Y.S.2    Daltveit, A.K.3    Huskaar, S.4
  • 21
    • 0033994203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of urinary incontinence in a population of young and middle-aged women
    • Samuelsson E, Victor A, Svardsudd K Determinants of urinary incontinence in a population of young and middle-aged women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000, 79(3):208-215.
    • (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 208-215
    • Samuelsson, E.1    Victor, A.2    Svardsudd, K.3
  • 22
    • 0027192096 scopus 로고
    • The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women
    • Milsom I, Ekelund P, Moland U, Arvidsson L, Areskoug B The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 1993, 149(6):1459-1462.
    • (1993) J Urol , vol.149 , Issue.6 , pp. 1459-1462
    • Milsom, I.1    Ekelund, P.2    Moland, U.3    Arvidsson, L.4    Areskoug, B.5
  • 23
    • 0031762144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for urinary incontinence in later life: a review of the clinical and epidemiologic literature
    • Thom DH, Brown JS Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for urinary incontinence in later life: a review of the clinical and epidemiologic literature. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998, 46:1411-1417.
    • (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.46 , pp. 1411-1417
    • Thom, D.H.1    Brown, J.S.2
  • 24
    • 0029801562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress urinary incontinence Where are we now, where should we go?
    • DeLancey JOL. Stress urinary incontinence Where are we now, where should we go?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 175:311-319.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.175 , pp. 311-319
    • DeLancey, J.O.L.1
  • 25
    • 0019483826 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of genital prolapse
    • Van Dongen L The anatomy of genital prolapse. S Afr Med J 1981, 20:357-359.
    • (1981) S Afr Med J , vol.20 , pp. 357-359
    • Van Dongen, L.1
  • 26
    • 0034087849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of childbirth on the pelvic-floor
    • Dannecker C, Anthuber C The effects of childbirth on the pelvic-floor. J Perinat Med 2000, 28:175-184.
    • (2000) J Perinat Med , vol.28 , pp. 175-184
    • Dannecker, C.1    Anthuber, C.2
  • 27
    • 0032994972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelvic relaxation and associated risk factors: the results of logistic regression analysis
    • Gurel H, Gurel SA Pelvic relaxation and associated risk factors: the results of logistic regression analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999, 76:290-293.
    • (1999) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.76 , pp. 290-293
    • Gurel, H.1    Gurel, S.A.2
  • 28
    • 0034521949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivety
    • MacLennan AH, Taylor AW, Wilson DH, Wilson D The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivety. BJOG 2000, 107(12):1460-1470.
    • (2000) BJOG , vol.107 , Issue.12 , pp. 1460-1470
    • MacLennan, A.H.1    Taylor, A.W.2    Wilson, D.H.3    Wilson, D.4
  • 29
    • 0035207147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of new-onset urinary incontinence after forceps and vacuum delivery in primiparous women
    • Arya LA, Jackson ND, Myers DL, Verma A Risk of new-onset urinary incontinence after forceps and vacuum delivery in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001, 185(6):1318-1324.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , Issue.6 , pp. 1318-1324
    • Arya, L.A.1    Jackson, N.D.2    Myers, D.L.3    Verma, A.4
  • 31
    • 0025689312 scopus 로고
    • Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up
    • Snooks SJ, Swash M, Mathers SE, Henry MM Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor: a 5-year follow-up. Br J Surg 1990, 77(12):1358-1360.
    • (1990) Br J Surg , vol.77 , Issue.12 , pp. 1358-1360
    • Snooks, S.J.1    Swash, M.2    Mathers, S.E.3    Henry, M.M.4
  • 33
    • 84971445607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miller JM, Howard D, Guire K, Ashton-Miller JA. Continence mechanism abnormalities associated with new onset stress incontinence following fust vaginal birth are multifactorial. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19
    • DeLancey JOL, CA, Oral Poster No
    • Miller JM, Howard D, Guire K, Ashton-Miller JA. Continence mechanism abnormalities associated with new onset stress incontinence following fust vaginal birth are multifactorial. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19. San Francisco 2002, 3. DeLancey JOL, CA, Oral Poster No.
    • (2002) San Francisco , pp. 3
  • 34
    • 0031305668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of parity and hysterectomy on the development of pelvic floor abnormalities revealed by defecography
    • Karasick S, Spettell CM The role of parity and hysterectomy on the development of pelvic floor abnormalities revealed by defecography. AJR 1997, 169(6):1555-1558.
    • (1997) AJR , vol.169 , Issue.6 , pp. 1555-1558
    • Karasick, S.1    Spettell, C.M.2
  • 35
    • 84971425702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The severity of defects seen in the leavtor ani muscle on MR imaging correlate with obstetric history. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19
    • CA, Paper No
    • Kearney R, DeLancey JOL, Chou Q The severity of defects seen in the leavtor ani muscle on MR imaging correlate with obstetric history. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19. San Francisco 2002, 14. CA, Paper No.
    • (2002) San Francisco , pp. 14
    • Kearney, R.1    DeLancey, J.O.L.2    Chou, Q.3
  • 37
    • 0025806225 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of head compression during labor: preliminary results
    • Rempen A, Kraus M Measurement of head compression during labor: preliminary results. J Perinat Med 1991, 19(1-2):115-120.
    • (1991) J Perinat Med , vol.19 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 115-120
    • Rempen, A.1    Kraus, M.2
  • 39
    • 0028234060 scopus 로고
    • Pudendal nerve damage during labour: prospective study before and after childbirth
    • Sultan AH, Karnm MA, Hudson CN Pudendal nerve damage during labour: prospective study before and after childbirth. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994, 101:22-28.
    • (1994) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.101 , pp. 22-28
    • Sultan, A.H.1    Karnm, M.A.2    Hudson, C.N.3
  • 41
    • 0024533893 scopus 로고
    • The role of partial denervation of the pelvic floor in the aetiology of genitourinary prolapse and stress incontinence of urine. A neurophysiological study
    • Smith AR, Hosker GL, Warrell DW The role of partial denervation of the pelvic floor in the aetiology of genitourinary prolapse and stress incontinence of urine. A neurophysiological study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989, 96:24-28.
    • (1989) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.96 , pp. 24-28
    • Smith, A.R.1    Hosker, G.L.2    Warrell, D.W.3
  • 44
    • 0019817167 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptors in the human female lower urinary tract
    • Iosif S, Barra S, Ek A, Astedt B Estrogen receptors in the human female lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981, 141:817-820.
    • (1981) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.141 , pp. 817-820
    • Iosif, S.1    Barra, S.2    Ek, A.3    Astedt, B.4
  • 45
    • 0025078338 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormone receptors in pelvic muscles and ligaments in women
    • Smith P, Heimer G, Norgren A, Ulmsten U Steroid hormone receptors in pelvic muscles and ligaments in women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990, 30:27-30.
    • (1990) Gynecol Obstet Invest , vol.30 , pp. 27-30
    • Smith, P.1    Heimer, G.2    Norgren, A.3    Ulmsten, U.4
  • 49
    • 0025277712 scopus 로고
    • Incontinence in the climacteric
    • Versi E Incontinence in the climacteric. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1990, 33:392-398.
    • (1990) Clin Obstet Gynecol , vol.33 , pp. 392-398
    • Versi, E.1
  • 50
    • 0033048612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oestrogen supplementation on post-menopausal urinary stress incontinence: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Jackson S, Shepherd A, Brookes S, Abrams P The effect of oestrogen supplementation on post-menopausal urinary stress incontinence: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BJOG 1999, 106(7):711-718.
    • (1999) BJOG , vol.106 , Issue.7 , pp. 711-718
    • Jackson, S.1    Shepherd, A.2    Brookes, S.3    Abrams, P.4
  • 51
    • 0025082670 scopus 로고
    • Genital prolapse with and without urinary incontinence
    • Harris TA, Bent AE Genital prolapse with and without urinary incontinence. J Reprod Med 1990, 35:792-798.
    • (1990) J Reprod Med , vol.35 , pp. 792-798
    • Harris, T.A.1    Bent, A.E.2
  • 52
    • 0033223360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle factors and continence status: comparison of self-report data from a postal survey in England
    • Roe B Lifestyle factors and continence status: comparison of self-report data from a postal survey in England. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 1999, 26(6):312.
    • (1999) J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 312
    • Roe, B.1
  • 54
    • 0030664563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of parturition and other reproductive variables as risk factors for urinary incontinence in later life
    • Thom DH, Van Den Eeden SK, Brown JS Evaluation of parturition and other reproductive variables as risk factors for urinary incontinence in later life. Obstet Gynecol 1997, 90(6):983-989.
    • (1997) Obstet Gynecol , vol.90 , Issue.6 , pp. 983-989
    • Thom, D.H.1    Van Den Eeden, S.K.2    Brown, J.S.3
  • 55
    • 0023716330 scopus 로고
    • Increases in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defecation straining
    • Lubowski DZ, Swash M, Nicholls J, Henry MM Increases in pudendal nerve terminal motor latency with defecation straining. Br J Surg 1988, 75:1095-1097.
    • (1988) Br J Surg , vol.75 , pp. 1095-1097
    • Lubowski, D.Z.1    Swash, M.2    Nicholls, J.3    Henry, M.M.4
  • 56
    • 0028233252 scopus 로고
    • Bowel dysfunction: a pathogenic factor in uterovaginal prolapse and urinary stress incontinence
    • Spence-Jones C, Karnm MA, Henry MM, Hudson CN Bowel dysfunction: a pathogenic factor in uterovaginal prolapse and urinary stress incontinence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994, 101:147-152.
    • (1994) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.101 , pp. 147-152
    • Spence-Jones, C.1    Karnm, M.A.2    Henry, M.M.3    Hudson, C.N.4
  • 57
    • 27944489724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of weight reduction on urinary incontinence: a randomized, controlled trial
    • Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19, San Francisco (CA).
    • Subak LL, Vittinghoff E, Saxton J, Brown JS. The effect of weight reduction on urinary incontinence: a randomized, controlled trial. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologic Society; October 17-19, 2002; San Francisco (CA).
    • (2002)
    • Subak, L.L.1    Vittinghoff, E.2    Saxton, J.3    Brown, J.S.4
  • 58
    • 0026485484 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and urinary incontinence in women
    • Bump RC, McClish DK Cigarette smoking and urinary incontinence in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992, 167:1213-1218.
    • (1992) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.167 , pp. 1213-1218
    • Bump, R.C.1    McClish, D.K.2
  • 60
    • 0026326016 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, incidence and correlates of urinary incontinence in healthy, middle-aged women
    • Burgio KL, Matthews KA, Engel BT Prevalence, incidence and correlates of urinary incontinence in healthy, middle-aged women. J Urol 1991, 146:1255-1259.
    • (1991) J Urol , vol.146 , pp. 1255-1259
    • Burgio, K.L.1    Matthews, K.A.2    Engel, B.T.3
  • 61
    • 0036271444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen metabolism and turnover in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse
    • Chen BH, Wen Y, Li H, Polan ML Collagen metabolism and turnover in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic prolapse. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2002, 13:80-87.
    • (2002) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct , vol.13 , pp. 80-87
    • Chen, B.H.1    Wen, Y.2    Li, H.3    Polan, M.L.4
  • 63
    • 0019986562 scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of collagen
    • Burgeson R Genetic heterogeneity of collagen. J Invest Derm 1982, 79:25.
    • (1982) J Invest Derm , vol.79 , pp. 25
    • Burgeson, R.1
  • 64
    • 0027360399 scopus 로고
    • Pelvic floor disorders: the role of fascia and ligaments
    • Norton PA Pelvic floor disorders: the role of fascia and ligaments. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993, 36:926-938.
    • (1993) Clin Obstet Gynecol , vol.36 , pp. 926-938
    • Norton, P.A.1
  • 65
    • 0003527583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, R.S. Cotran, V. Kumar, T. Collins (Eds.)
    • Robbins pathologie basis of disease 1999, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia. R.S. Cotran, V. Kumar, T. Collins (Eds.).
    • (1999) Robbins pathologie basis of disease
  • 67
    • 0036205362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelvic organ prolapse and connective tissue abnormalities in Korean women
    • Bai SW, Choe BH, Kim JY, Park KH Pelvic organ prolapse and connective tissue abnormalities in Korean women. J Reprod Med 2002, 47(3):231-234.
    • (2002) J Reprod Med , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-234
    • Bai, S.W.1    Choe, B.H.2    Kim, J.Y.3    Park, K.H.4
  • 68
    • 84971454530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connective tissue changes in patients with genuine stress incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse
    • Bakas P, Liapis A, Creatsas G Connective tissue changes in patients with genuine stress incontinence and pelvic floor prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn 2003, 22(5):508-509.
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 508-509
    • Bakas, P.1    Liapis, A.2    Creatsas, G.3
  • 69
    • 0001226803 scopus 로고
    • Collagen synthesis in women with genital prolapse or stress urinary incontinence
    • Norton P, Boyd C, Deak S Collagen synthesis in women with genital prolapse or stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 1992, 11:300-301.
    • (1992) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.11 , pp. 300-301
    • Norton, P.1    Boyd, C.2    Deak, S.3
  • 70
    • 0019483826 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of genital prolapse
    • Van Dongen L The anatomy of genital prolapse. S Afr Med J 1981, 20:357-359.
    • (1981) S Afr Med J , vol.20 , pp. 357-359
    • Van Dongen, L.1
  • 71
    • 0030039591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female urinary stress incontinence-does it have familial prevalence?
    • Mushkat Y, Bukosky I, Langer R Female urinary stress incontinence-does it have familial prevalence?. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 174(2):617-619.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , Issue.2 , pp. 617-619
    • Mushkat, Y.1    Bukosky, I.2    Langer, R.3
  • 72
    • 0036071279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial incidence of urinary incontinence
    • Elia G, Bergman J, Dye TD Familial incidence of urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002, 187:53-55.
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.187 , pp. 53-55
    • Elia, G.1    Bergman, J.2    Dye, T.D.3
  • 75
    • 33845639869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelvic relaxation in nulliparous postmenopausal women and their parous sisters
    • Buchsbaum G, Kerr L, Guzick D Pelvic relaxation in nulliparous postmenopausal women and their parous sisters. Neurourol Urodyn 2003, 22(5):508-509.
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 508-509
    • Buchsbaum, G.1    Kerr, L.2    Guzick, D.3
  • 76
    • 0032883596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do urinary symptoms correlate with urodynamic findings?
    • Amundsen C, Lau M, English SF, McGuire EJ Do urinary symptoms correlate with urodynamic findings?. J Urol 1999, 161(6):1871-1874.
    • (1999) J Urol , vol.161 , Issue.6 , pp. 1871-1874
    • Amundsen, C.1    Lau, M.2    English, S.F.3    McGuire, E.J.4
  • 77
    • 0034538696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection bias from requiring patients to give consent to examine data for health services research
    • Woolf SH, Rothemich SF, Johnson RE, Marsland DW Selection bias from requiring patients to give consent to examine data for health services research. Arch Fam Med 2000, 9(10):1111-1118.
    • (2000) Arch Fam Med , vol.9 , Issue.10 , pp. 1111-1118
    • Woolf, S.H.1    Rothemich, S.F.2    Johnson, R.E.3    Marsland, D.W.4
  • 78
    • 0032981881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posner SF. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Heart & Esttogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group
    • Brown JS, Grady D, Ouslander JG, Herzog AR, Varner RE Posner SF. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women. Heart & Esttogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999, 94(1):66-70.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-70
    • Brown, J.S.1    Grady, D.2    Ouslander, J.G.3    Herzog, A.R.4    Varner, R.E.5
  • 79
    • 0027462421 scopus 로고
    • Racial comparisons and contrasts in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse
    • Bump RC Racial comparisons and contrasts in urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 1993, 81(3):421-425.
    • (1993) Obstet Gynecol , vol.81 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-425
    • Bump, R.C.1
  • 80
    • 0034924653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race as a predictor or urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse
    • Graham CA, Mallet VT Race as a predictor or urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001, 185(1):116-120.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , Issue.1 , pp. 116-120
    • Graham, C.A.1    Mallet, V.T.2
  • 81
    • 0030022939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of urinary incontinence or prolapse among white and Hispanic women
    • Mattox TF, Bhatia NN The prevalence of urinary incontinence or prolapse among white and Hispanic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 174(2):646-648.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , Issue.2 , pp. 646-648
    • Mattox, T.F.1    Bhatia, N.N.2
  • 82
    • 0035340781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of urinary incontinence among African American, Asian, Hispanic, and white women
    • Duong TH, Kom AP. A comparison of urinary incontinence among African American, Asian, Hispanic, and white women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001, 184(6):1083-1086. Duong TH.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.184 , Issue.6 , pp. 1083-1086
    • Duong, T.H.1    Kom, A.P.2
  • 83
    • 84971397816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologists Society; September 11-13, Hollywood (FL). Oral poster No.2
    • Chang E, Sultana C. Prevalence of genital prolapse in three ethnic groups. Annual Meeting of the American Urogynecologists Society; September 11-13,2003; Hollywood (FL). Oral poster No.2
    • (2003) Prevalence of genital prolapse in three ethnic groups
    • Chang, E.1    Sultana, C.2
  • 86
    • 4243747300 scopus 로고
    • Witwatersrand University Press, Johmnesburg
    • Heyns OS Bantu Gynaecology 1956, 98. Witwatersrand University Press, Johmnesburg.
    • (1956) Bantu Gynaecology , pp. 98
    • Heyns, O.S.1
  • 87
    • 0034116598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the structure and function of the stress urinary continence mechanism
    • Howard D, Delancey J, Tunn R, Ashton-Miller JA Racial differences in the structure and function of the stress urinary continence mechanism. Obstet Gynecol 2000, 95(5):713-717.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 713-717
    • Howard, D.1    Delancey, J.2    Tunn, R.3    Ashton-Miller, J.A.4
  • 90
    • 0035024666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical neurophysiology and electrodiagnostictTesting of the pelvic floor
    • Olsen AL, Rao SSC Clinical neurophysiology and electrodiagnostictTesting of the pelvic floor. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001, 30(1):33-54.
    • (2001) Gastroenterol Clin North Am , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-54
    • Olsen, A.L.1    Rao, S.S.C.2
  • 91
    • 0033666566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative electromyographic analysis of levator ani and external anal sphincter muscles of nulliparous women
    • Weidner AC, Sanders DB, Nandedkar SD, Bump RC Quantitative electromyographic analysis of levator ani and external anal sphincter muscles of nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000, 183(5):1249-1256.
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , Issue.5 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Weidner, A.C.1    Sanders, D.B.2    Nandedkar, S.D.3    Bump, R.C.4
  • 92
    • 0036235279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in factors that influence the willingness to participate in medical research studies
    • Shavers VL, Lynch CF, Burmeister LF Racial differences in factors that influence the willingness to participate in medical research studies. Ann Epidemiol 2002, 12(4):248-256.
    • (2002) Ann Epidemiol , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 248-256
    • Shavers, V.L.1    Lynch, C.F.2    Burmeister, L.F.3
  • 93
    • 0025109883 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the clinical effectiveness of preventive maneuvers: analytic principles and systematic methods in reviewing evidence and developing clinical practice recommendations. A report by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination
    • Woolf SH, Battista RN, Anderson GM, Logan AG, Wang E Assessing the clinical effectiveness of preventive maneuvers: analytic principles and systematic methods in reviewing evidence and developing clinical practice recommendations. A report by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. J Clin Epidemiol 1990, 43:891-905.
    • (1990) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.43 , pp. 891-905
    • Woolf, S.H.1    Battista, R.N.2    Anderson, G.M.3    Logan, A.G.4    Wang, E.5
  • 94
    • 0042428998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New grades for recommendations from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
    • New grades for recommendations from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. CMAJ 2003, 169:207-208. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
    • (2003) CMAJ , vol.169 , pp. 207-208


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.