Different standards and standard differences: Contemporary citizenship and immigration debates

Theory and Society

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 421-448

  Shanahan, Suzanne ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 21744433684     PISSN: 03042421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006889019512     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Ritchie Robertson, "Introduction," in Urs Bitterli, Cultures in Conflict (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989), 1-19.
2. Michael Katz, The Undeserving Poor: From the War on Poverty to the War on Welfare (New York: Pantheon Books, 1989), 6.
3. Anthony Smith, Ethnic Origins of Nations (London: Basil Blackwell, 1986), 46.
4. F. H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 32.
5. Brace Cronin, "The Changing Nature of Sovereignty and International Obligation in the New World Order," paper presented at the workshop on Globalization and Global Government, University of Minnesota, 1996, 21.
6. Ibid.
7. Social scientific and policy discussions of ethnicity are plagued by definitional imprecision. Here a broad definition of ethnicity is employed to capture the varied historical meanings associated with the term. 1 define ethnicity as a changing sense of shared cultural history. This history may be variously demarcated via religion, language, race, custom, division of labor, etc.
8. Specifically, materials from the thirteen major acts and their government debates are examined, including the 1948, 1962, 1981, and 1988 debates in Great Britain; the 1935, 1956, 1986, and 1994 Irish debates; the 1959 and 1963 Malaysian debates; and the 1952, 1965, 1986, and 1990 U.S. debates. The 1965, 1968, and 1975 British Race Relations Acts are also examined.
9. Within the literature on immigration policy there is considerable consensus that liberal democracies exhibit key similarities in their immigration policy. Fora recent articulation and review, see Gary Freeman's "Modes of Immigration Politics in Liberal Democratic States,"
10. or Paul Starr, "Social Categories and Claims in the Liberal State," Social Research 50 (1992): 263-295.
11. Taken from 1990 speech of Senator Ted Kennedy during debate of the 1990 Immigration Act (Congressional Record Computer File, 101st Congress, Senate Proceedings, November 2, 1990).
12. U.S. Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Statistical Yearbook (Washington DC, 1994).
13. Philip L. Martin, "The United States: Benign Neglect Toward Immigration," in Controlling Immigration, 83-99.
14. L. A. Mills, British Rule in Eastern Asia (London: Oxford University Press, 1942).
15. Amyn B. Sajoo, Pluralism in "Old Societies and New States" (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995).
16. James Nayagam, "Migrant Labor Absorption in Malaysia," Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1 (1992): 477-494.
17. Vaughan Bevan, The Development of British Immigration Law (London: Croon Helm, 1993).
18. Zig Layton-Henry, The Politics of Immigration (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992).
19. David Coleman, "The United Kingdom and International Migration: A Changing Balance," in European Migration in the Late Twentieth Century (Laxenburg: IIA-SA, 1995), 38-66.
20. Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, Annual Abstract of Statistics, (London: HMSO, 1990).
21. Mr. Milroy, Seanad Eireann, Parliamentary Debates, 19: 1042.
22. Mr. O'Neil, Seanad Eireann, Parliamentary Debates, 19: 1078.
23. Gretchen M. MacMillan, State Society and Authority in Ireland: Foundations of the Modern State (Dublin: Gill and MacMillan, 1993), 124.
24. Dail Eireann, February 29, 1956, Parliamentary Debates, 154: 1014.
25. Seanad Eireann, May 16, 1956 to December 19, 1956, Parliamentary Debates, 46: 88.
26. Dail Eireann, February 29, 1956, Parliamentary Debates, 154: 1000.
27. Dail Eireann, February 29, 1956, Parliamentary Debates, 154: 1014.
28. Dail Eireann, March 21, 1986, Parliamentary Debates, 364: 2611-2662.
29. Indeed, the 1963 Immigration Act is merely an extension of the 1959 Ordinance to the territories of Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore. See Malaysia: Immigration Act of 1963 (London: HMSO), article 2.