The global impact of gangs

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 153-169

  Hagedorn, John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Armed young men; Death squads; Globalization; Hip hop; Identity

Indexed keywords

EID: 21644458927     PISSN: 10439862     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1043986204273390     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Abdullah, I. (2002). Youth, Culture, and Rebellion: Understanding Sierra Leone's Wasted Decade. Critical Arts: A Journal of South-North Cultural and Media Studies, 16(2), 19-37.
2. Aburish, S. K. (1998). Arafat: From defender to dictator (1st U.S. ed.). New York: Bloomsbury.
3. Addams, J. (1960). Twenty years at Hull-House. New York: Signet. (Original work published 1920)
4. Amnesty International. (2004). 2004 report. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.amnestyusa.org/annualreport/index.html
5. Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization: The human consequences. New York: Columbia University Press.
6. Bell, D. (1960). The end of ideology: On the exhaustion of political ideas in the fifties. New York: Free Press.
7. Booth, M. (1999). The Dragon Syndicates: The global phenomenon of the Triads. New York: Carroll & Graf.
8. Bourdieu, P. (1998). Acts of resistance: Against the tyranny of the market. New York: New Press.
9. Brotherton, D., & Barrios, L. (2003). Between black and gold: The street politics of the Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation. New York: Columbia University Press.
10. Bursik, R. J., Jr., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington Books.
11. Caldeira, T. P. R. (2000). City of walls: Crime, segregation, and citizenship in São Paulo. Berkeley: University of California.
12. Calhoun, C., Price, P., & Timmer, A. (Eds.). (2002). Understanding September 11. New York: New Press.
13. Campbell, B., & Brenner, A. D. (2000). Death squads in global perspective: Murder with deniability. New York: St. Martin's.
14. Casey, C. (2002). "States of emergency": Islam, youth gangs, and the politically unseeable. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles.
15. Castells, M. (1997). The information age: Economy, society and culture (Volume 2: The Power of Identity). Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
16. Castells, M. (2000). The information age: Economy, society and culture (Volume 3: End of Millennium). Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
17. Children in Organised Armed Violence. (2002). From guerrillas to gangs. Retrieved November 18, 2004, from www.paranaonline.org.br
18. Children in Organised Armed Violence. (2003). Country reports, Rio de Janeiro, Viva Rio. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.coav.org.br/
19. Children in Organised Armed Violence. (2004). Youth gangs using arsenal inherited from Haitian government. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.coav.org.br/frame.asp?url=/publique/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm? UserActiveTemplate=%5Fen&infoid=827&sid=38
20. Cloward, R., & Ohlin, L. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
21. Cohen, A. (1955). Delinquent boys. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
22. Davies, A. (1998). Youth gangs, masculinity and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salfored. Journal of Social History, 32, 349-370.
23. Davis, M. (2004, March-April). Planet of slums. New Left Review, 26. Retrieved November 13, 2004, from http://www.newleftreview.net/NLR26001.shtml
24. Decesare, D. (2003). From Civil War to gang war: The tragedy of Edgar Bolanos. In L. Kontos, D. Brotherton, & L. Barrios (Eds.), Gangs and society: Alternative perspectives (pp. 283-313). New York: Columbia University Press.
25. de Soto, H. (1990). The other path: The invisible revolution in the Third World. New York: Harper & Row.
26. Dowdney, L. (2003). Children of the drug trade: A case study of children in organised armed violence in Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras.
27. Elias, N. (1994). The civilizing process: The history of manners. Oxford: Blackwell. (Original work published 1939)
28. Farmer, P. (1994). The uses of Haiti. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
29. Finckenauer, J. O., & Waring, E. J. (1998). Russian mafia in America: Immigration, culture, and crime. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
30. Finestone, H. (1957). Cats, kicks, and color. Social Problems, 5, 3-13.
31. Finestone, H. (1967). Reformation and recidivism among Italian and Polish criminal offenders. American Journal of Sociology, 72, 575-588.
32. Frank, A. G. (1970). Latin America: Underdevelopment or revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.
33. French, H. W. (2004, July 28). New boomtowns change path of China's growth. New York Times, p. 1.
34. Goldstone, J. A. (2002). States, terrorists, and the clash of civilizations. In C. Calhoun, P. Price, & A. Timmer (Eds.), Understanding September 11 (pp. 139-158). New York: New Press.
35. Grennan, S., Britz, M. T., Rush, J., & Barker, T. (2000). Gangs: An international approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
36. Gunst, L. (1995). Born fi' dead: A journey through the Jamaican Posse underworld. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
37. Hagedorn, J. M. (1999). Gangs and globalization. In M. Klein, H-J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, & E. G. Weitekamp (Eds.), The Eurogang paradox: Street gangs and youth groups in the U.S. and Europe (pp. 41-58). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
38. Hagedorn, J. M. (2001). Gangs and the informal economy. In R. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America III (pp. 101-120). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
39. Hagedorn, J. M. (in press-a). Gangs in late modernity. In J. M. Hagedorn (Ed.), Gangs in the global city: Reconsidering criminology. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
40. Hagedorn, J. M. (Ed.). (in press-b). Gangs in the global city: Reconsidering criminology. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
41. Hagedorn, J. M., & Perry, D. (2002). Contested cities. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Chicago.
42. Hagedorn, J. M., & Rauch, B. (2004). Variations in urban homicide. Paper presented at the City Futures Conference, Chicago.
43. Hayden, T. (2004). Street wars: Gangs and the future of violence. New York: New Press.
44. Hazlehurst, C. (in press). Observing New Zealand "gangs," 1950-2000: Learning from a small country. In J. M. Hagedorn (Ed.), Gangs in the global city: Criminology reconsidered. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
45. Hazlehurst, K., & Hazlehurst, C. (Eds.). (1998). Gangs and youth subcultures: International explorations. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
46. Hobsbawm, E. (1969). Bandits. New York: Pantheon.
47. hooks, b. (1994). Misogyny, gangsta rap, and the piano. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://eserver.org/race/misogyny.html
48. Human Rights Watch. (2002). The Bakassi Boys: The legitimation of murder and torture. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/nigeria2/index.htm#TopOfPage
49. Human Rights Watch. (2004). Stop the use of child soldiers. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://hrw.org/campaigns/crp/index.htm
50. Kaldor, M. (1999). New and old wars: Organized violence in a global era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
51. Kitwana, B. (1994). Rap on Gangsta rap: Who run it? Chicago: Third World Press.
52. Kitwana, B. (2002). Hip hop generation: Young Blacks and the crisis of American culture. New York: Basic Civitas.
53. Klein, M. W. (1971). Street gangs and street workers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
54. Klein, M. W. (1995). The American street gang: Its nature, prevalence, and control. New York: Oxford University Press.
55. Klein, M., Kerner, H.J., Maxsen, C. L., & Weitekamp, E. G. (Eds.). (2001). The Eurogang paradox: Street gangs and youth groups in the U.S. and Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
56. Kontos, L., Brotherton, D., & Barrios, L. (Eds.). (2003). Gangs and society: Alternative perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press.
57. Kornhauser, R. R. (1978). Social sources of delinquency: An appraisal of analytic models. Chicago: University of Chicago.
58. Kovats-Bernat, J. C. (2000). Anti-gang, Arimaj, and the war on street children. Peace Review, 12, 415-421.
59. Lien, I. (2002). The dynamics of honor in violence and cultural change. Unpublished manuscript, Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research, Oslo, Norway.
60. Marcuse, P. (1997). The enclave, the Citadel, and the ghetto: What has changed in the post-Fordist U.S. city. Urban Affairs Review, 33, 228-264.
61. Massey, D. S. (1996). The age of extremes: Concentrated affluence and poverty in the twenty-first century. Demography, 33, 395-412.
62. Miller, W. B. (1958). Lower class culture as a generating milieu of gang delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 14, 5-19.
63. Miller, W. B. (1982). Crime by youth gangs and groups in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
64. Moore, J. W. (1978). Homeboys: Gangs, Drugs, and Prison in the Barrios of Los Angeles. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
65. Moore, J. W. (1991). Going down to the barrio: Homeboys and homegirls in change. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
66. Moore, J. W. (in press). Female gangs: Gender and globalization. In J. M. Hagedorn (Ed.), Gangs in the global city: Criminology reconsidered. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
67. Nelli, H. S. (1969). Italians and crime in Chicago: The formative years, 1890-1920. American Journal of Sociology, 74, 373-391.
68. Nisbet, R. A. (1980). History of the idea of progress. New York: Basic Books.
69. Park, R. (1940). Race and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago.
70. Pattillo, M. E. (1998). Sweet mothers and gangbangers: Managing crime in a Black middle-class neighborhood. Social Forces, 76, 747-774.
71. Pearson, G. (1983). Hooligan: A history of respectable fears. New York: Shocken Books.
72. Pinnock, D. (1984). The brotherhoods: Street gangs and state control in Cape Town. Cape Town: David Philip.
73. Pitts, J. (2000). The new politics of youth crime: Discipline or solidarity? Basingstoke: Palgrave.
74. Portes, A., Castells, M., & Benton, L. A. (Eds.). (1989). The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less advanced countries. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
75. Reuter, P. (1996). The mismeasurement of illegal drug markets. In S. Pozo (Ed.), Exploring the underground economy (pp. 63-80). Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute.
76. Ro, R. (1996). Gangsta: Merchandizing the rhymes of violence. New York: St. Martin's.
77. Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and Black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.
78. Rotella, S. (1998). Twilight on the line: Underworlds and politics at the U.S.-Mexico border (1st ed.). New York: Norton.
79. Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802.
80. Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918-924.
81. Sassen, S. (2002). Governance hotspots: Challenges we must confront in the post-September 11 world. In C. Calhoun, P. Price, & A. Timmer (Eds.), Understanding September 11 (pp. 106-120). New York: New Press.
82. Savelsberg, J., Cleveland, L. L., & King, R. D. (2004). Institutional environments and scholarly work: American criminology, 1951-1993. Social Forces, 82, 1275-1302.
83. Shaw, C. R., & McKay, H. D. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas (1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago.
84. Short, J. F. (1996). Personal, gang, and community careers. In R. C. Huff (Ed.), Gangs in America (2nd ed., pp. 221-240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
85. Short, J. F., Jr., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1965). Group process and gang delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
86. Shurink, W. J. (1986). Number gangs in South African prisons: An organizational perspective. Paper presented at the Association for Sociology in Southern Africa, Durban, South Africa.
87. Spergel, I. A. (1995). The youth gang problem: A community approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
88. Taylor, C. ( 1989). Dangerous society. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
89. Thrasher, F. (1927). The Gang (1st ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago.
90. Touraine, A. (1995). Critique of modernity. Oxford: Blackwell.
91. Touraine, A. (2000). Can we live together? Equality and difference. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
92. Touraine, A. (2001). Beyond neoliberalism. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
93. UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime. (2000). Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.unodc.org/palermo.convmain.html
94. UN-Habitat. (2003). Slums of the world: The face of urban poverty in the new millennium. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
95. van Gemert, F. (2001). Crips in orange: Gangs and groups in the Netherlands. In M. Klein, H.-J. Kerner, C. L. Maxson, & E. G. Weitekamp (Eds.), The Eurogang paradox: Street gangs and youth groups in the U.S. and Europe (pp. 145-152). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
96. Venkatesh, S. A. (2000). American project: The rise and fall of a modern ghetto. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
97. Venkatesh, S. A., & Leavitt, S. D. (2000). "Are we a family or a business?" History and disjunctive in the urban American street gang. Theory and Society, 29, 427-462.
98. Wacquant, L. (1999). Urban marginality in the coming millennium. Urban Studies, 36, 1639-1647.
99. Wacquant, L. (2000). The new "peculiar institution": On the prison as surrogate ghetto. Theoretical Criminology, 4, 377-389.
100. Wacquant, L. (2004). Deadly symbiosis: Race and the rise of neoliberal penalty. London: Polity Press.
101. Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society (Vol. 1). Berkeley: University of California Press.
102. Wilson, W. J., & Sampson, R. J. (1995). Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In J. Hagan & R. D. Peterson (Eds.), Crime and inequality (pp. 37-54). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
103. Wirth, L. (1956). The ghetto. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1928)
104. World Bank Institute. (2000). Street children: Latin America's wasted resource. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www1.worldbank.org/deboutreach/summer00/article.asp?id=64
105. Yablonsky, L. (1966). The violent gang. New York: Macmillan.