Prophylactic and therapeutic properties of a sodium citrate preparation in the management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Urological Research

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 116-124

  Allie Hamdulay, Shameez ^a   Rodgers, Allen L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis; Prophylactics; Randomized, placebo controlled trial; Sodium citrate bicarbonate tartrate; Therapy

Indexed keywords

BICARBONATE; CALCIUM; CALCIUM OXALATE; CITRATE SODIUM; CITRIC ACID; CITROSODA; OXALIC ACID; PLACEBO; TARTARIC ACID; URIC ACID;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CALCIUM OXALATE STONE; CALCIUM URINE LEVEL; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYSTALLIZATION; DATA ANALYSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEPHROLITHIASIS; PH; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; URINALYSIS; URINARY EXCRETION; UROLITHIASIS;

CALCIUM OXALATE; CITRATES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; URINARY CALCULI;

EID: 21544464277     PISSN: 03005623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00240-005-0466-6     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Pak CYC (1987) Citrate and renal calculi. Miner Electrolyte Metab 13: 257
2. Pak CYC (1991) Citrate and renal calculi: new insights and future directions. Am J Kidney Dis 17: 420
3. Pak CYC (1994) Citrate and renal calculi: an update. Miner Electrolyte Metab 20: 371
4. Hallson PC, Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1983) Raising urinary citrate lowers calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystal formation in whole urine. Urol Int 38: 179
5. Nicar MJ, Hill K, Pak CYC (1987) Inhibition by citrate of spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in vitro. J Bone Min Res 2: 215
6. Schwille PO, Schmiedl A, Herrmann U, Fan J, Gottlieb D, Manoharan M et al. (1999) Magnesium, citrate, magnesium citrate and magnesium-alkali citrate as modulators of calcium oxalate crystallization in urine: observations in patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Urol Res 27: 117
7. Ryall RL, Harnett RM, Marshall VR (1981) The effect of urine, pyrophosphate, citrate, magnesium and glycosaminoglycans on the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro. Clin Chim Acta 112: 349
8. Bek-Jensen H, Fornander A-M, Nilsson M-A, Tiselius H-G (1996) Is citrate an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth in high concentrations of urine? Urol Res 24: 67
9. Kok DJ, Papapoulos SE, Bijvoet OLM (1986) Excessive crystal agglomeration with low citrate excretion in recurrent stone-formers. Lancet 1056
10. Kok DJ, Papapoulos SE, Bijvoet OLM (1987) Low inhibition of crystal agglomeration and citrate excretion in recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers. Contr Nephrol 58: 73
11. Tiselius H-G, Fornander A-M, Nilsson M-A (1993) The effects of citrate and urine on calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Urol Res 21: 363
12. Rudman D, Kutner MH, Redd SC, Waters WC, Gerron GG, Bleier J (1982) Hypocitraturia in calcium nephrolithiasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55: 1052
13. Nicar MJ, Skurla C, Sakhaee K, Pak CYC (1983) Low urinary citrate excretion in nephrolithiasis. Urology 21: 8
14. Hosking DH, Wilson JWL, Liedtke RR, Smith LH, Wilson DM (1985) Urinary citrate excretion in normal persons and patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. J Lab Clin Med 106: 682
15. Laminski NA, Meyers AM, Sonnekus MI, Smyth AE (1990) Prevalence of hypocitraturia and hypopyrophosphaturia in recurrent calcium stone formers: as isolated defects or associated with other metabolic abnormalities. Nephron 56: 379
16. Cupisti A, Morelli E, Lupetti S, Meola M, Barsotti G (1992) Low urine citrate excretion as main risk factor for recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in males. Nephron 61: 73
17. Pak CYC, Fuller C, Sakhaee K, Preminger GM, Britton F (1985) Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. J Urol 134: 11
18. Pak CYC, Fuller C (1986) Idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis successfully treated with potassium citrate. Ann Intern Med 104: 33
19. Abdulhadi MH, Hall PM, Streem SB (1993). Can citrate therapy prevent nephrolithiasis? Urology 41: 221
20. Barcelo P, Wuhl O, Servitge E, Rousaud A, Pak CYC (1993) Randomized double-blinded study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol 150: 1761
21. Whalley NA, Meyers AM, Martins M, Margolius LP (1996) Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy on the formation of new stones in groups of recurrent stone formers with hypocitraturia. Br J Urol 78: 10
22. Schwille PO, Weippert JH, Bausch W, Rumenapf G (1985) Acute oral alkali citrate load in healthy humans - response of blood and urinary citrate, mineral metabolism, and factors related to stone formation. Urol Res 13: 161
23. Schwille PO, Rumenapf G, Kohler R, Sorgel F (1987) Effects of acute oral sodium potassium citrate load in healthy males-outlook for treatment of patients with calcium-containing renal stones. Urol Int 42: 81
24. Rumenapf G, Schwille PO (1987) The influence of oral alkali citrate on intestinal calcium absorption in healthy man. Clin Sci 73: 117
25. Berg C, Larsson L, Tiselius H-G (1990) Effects of different doses of alkaline citrate on urine composition and crystallization of calcium oxalate. Urol Res 18: 13
26. Hofbauer J, Hobarth K, Szabo N, Marberger M (1994) Alkali citrate prophylaxis in idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis - a prospective randomized study. Br J Urol 73: 362
27. Ogawa Y (1994) Impact of sodium-potassium citrate on the diurnal variations in urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturation levels in normal individuals. Br J Urol 73: 136
28. Sakhaee K, Baker S, Zerwekh J, Poindexter J, Garcia-Hernandez PA, Pak CYC (1994) Limited risk of kidney stone formation during long-term calcium citrate supplementation in nonstone forming subjects. J Urol 152: 324
29. Levine BS, Rodman JS, Wienerman S, Bockman RS, Lane JM (1994) Effect of calcium citrate supplementation on urinary calcium oxalate saturation in female stone formers: implications for prevention of osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 60: 592
30. Schwille PO, Schmiedl A, Herrmann U, Schwille R, Fink E, Manoharan M (1997) Acute oral calcium-sodium citrate load in healthy males. Effects on acid-base and mineral metabolism, oxalate and other risk factors of stone formation in urine. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 19: 417
31. Pak CYC, Koenig K, Khan R, Haynes S, Padalino P (1992) Physicochemical action of potassium-magnesium citrate in nephrolithiasis. J Bone Miner Res 7(3): 281
32. Ettinger B, Pak CYC, Citron JT, Thomas C, Adams-Huet B, Vangessel A (1997) Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol 158:2069
33. Ito H, Suzuki F, Yamaguchi K, Nishikawa Y, Kotake T (1992). Reduction of urinary oxalate by combined calcium and citrate administration without increase in urinary calcium oxalate stone formers. Clin Nephrol 37: 14
34. Sakhaee K, Nicar M, Hill K, Pak CYC (1983) Contrasting effects of potassium citrate and sodium citrate therapies on urinary chemistries and crystallization of stone-forming salts. Kidney Int 24: 348
35. Preminger GM, Sakhaee K, Pak CYC (1988) Alkali action on the urinary crystallization of calcium salts: contrasting responses to sodium citrate and potassium citrate. J Urol 139: 240
36. Sakhaee K, Nicar M, Jacobson H, Pak CYC (1982) Potassium alkali therapy of uric acid lithiasis may prevent complication of calcium stones (abstract). Clin Res 30: 403A
37. Pak CYC, Sakhaee K, Fuller C (1986) Successful management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. Kidney Int 30: 422
38. Allie S, Rodgers A (2003) Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and sodium citrate bicarbonate health supplements on the urinary risk factors for kidney stone formation. Clin Chem Lab Med 41: 39
39. Fernandez FJ, Kahn HL (1971) Clinical methods for atomic absorption Spectroscopy. Clin Chem Newslett 3: 24
40. Trudeau DL, Freier EF (1967) Determination of calcium in urine and serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Clin Chem 13: 101
41. Willis JB (1961) Determination of calcium and magnesium in urine by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem 33: 556
42. Chiriboga J (1963) Some properties of an oxalic oxidase purified from barley seedlings. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 11: 277
43. Gruber W, Mollering H (1966) Citrat-Lyase und Bestimmung von Citrat. Biochem Z 346: 85
44. Fiske CH, Subbarow (1925) J Biol Chem 66: 375
45. Dryer RL, Routh JI (1963) Determination of serum inorganic phosphorous. Clin Chem 4: 191
46. Rock RC, Walker WG, Jennings CD (1986) Nitrogen metabolites and renal function. In: Tietz NW (ed) Textbook of clinical chemistry, vol 2. WB Saunders, Philadelphia p 1278
47. Fossati P, Prencipe L, Berti G (1980) Use of 3,5-dichloro-2- hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine. Clin Chem 26: 227
48. Werness PG, Brown CM, Smith LH, Finlayson B (1985) EQUIL 2: a basic computer programme for the calculation of urinary saturation. J Urol 134: 1242
49. TiseliusHG (1982) An improved method for the routine biochemical evaluation of patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease. Clin Chim Acta 122: 409
50. Ryall RL, Hibberd CM, Marshall VR (1985) A method for studying inhibitory activity in whole urine. Urol Res 12: 285
51. Ryall RL, Grover PK, Stapleton AMF, Barrell DK, Tang Y, Moritz RL et al. (1995) The urinary F1 activation peptide of human prothrombin is a potent inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization in undiluted human urine in vitro. Clin Sci 89: 533
52. Hosking DH, Erickson SB, Van den Berg CJ, Wilson DM, Smith LH (1983) The stone clinic effect in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. J Urol 130: 1115
53. Muldowney FP, Freaney R, Moloney MF (1982) Importance of dietary sodium in the hypercalciuria syndrome. Kidney Int 22: 292
54. Martini LA, Cuppari L, Cunha MA, Schor N, Heilberg IH (1998) Potassium and sodium intake and excretion in calcium stone forming patients. J Renal Nutr 8: 127
55. Pak CYC (1992) Citraturic response to oral citric acid load. J Urol 147: 975
56. Heller PC, Sakhaee K, Moe OW, Pal CYC (2002) Etiological role of estrogen status in renal stone formation. J Urol 168: 1923
57. Tiselius HG (1981) The effect of pH on the urinary inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth. Br J Urol 53: 470
58. Robson RH, Heading RC (1978) Obsolete but dangerous antacid preparations. Postgrad Med J 54: 36
59. Parfitt AM (1969) Acetozolamide and sodium bicarbonate induced nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Arch Intern Med 124: 736
60. Pak CYC, Hayashi Y, Arnold LH (1976) Heterogeneous nucleation between urate, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 153: 83
61. Pak CYC, Waters O, Arnold L, Holt K, Cox C, Barilla D (1977) Mechanism for calcium urolithiasis among patients with hyperuricosuria: supersaturation of urine with respect to monosodium urate. J Clin Invest 59: 426
62. Hallson PC, Rose GA (1985) The additive effects of magnesium and tartrate upon inhibition of calcium oxalate formation in whole urine. In: Schwille PO, Smith LH, Robertson WG, Vahlensieck W (eds) Urolithiasis and related clinical research. Plenum Press, New York, p 847