메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 73-79

Preventive treatment of nephrolithiasis with alkali citrate - A critical review

Author keywords

Alkali citrate treatment; Calcium oxalate; Citrate; Nephrolithiasis; Uric acid; Urolithiasis

Indexed keywords

ALKALI; ALKALI CITRATE; CALCIUM OXALATE; CITRATE POTASSIUM; CITRATE POTASSIUM SODIUM; CITRIC ACID; MAGNESIUM CITRATE; MAGNESIUM DERIVATIVE; MAGNESIUM GLYCINE; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; PLACEBO; POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; POTASSIUM DERIVATIVE; POTASSIUM MAGNESIUM CITRATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; URIC ACID;

EID: 21544456652     PISSN: 03005623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00240-005-0464-8     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (75)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0025801396 scopus 로고
    • Citrate and renal calculi: New insights and future directions
    • Pak CY (1991) Citrate and renal calculi: new insights and future directions. Am J Kidney Dis 17: 420
    • (1991) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.17 , pp. 420
    • Pak, C.Y.1
  • 2
    • 0028153132 scopus 로고
    • Calcium oxalate stone agglomeration reflects stone-forming activity: Citrate inhibition depends on macxro-molecules larger than 30 kilodalton
    • Erwin DT, Kok DJ, Alam J, Vaughn J, Coker O, Carriere BT et al. (1994) Calcium oxalate stone agglomeration reflects stone-forming activity: citrate inhibition depends on macxro-molecules larger than 30 kilodalton. Am J Kidney Dis 24: 893
    • (1994) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.24 , pp. 893
    • Erwin, D.T.1    Kok, D.J.2    Alam, J.3    Vaughn, J.4    Coker, O.5    Carriere, B.T.6
  • 3
    • 0034001146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citrate determines calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology - Studies in presence of Tamm-Horsfall protein of a healthy subject and a severely recurrent calcium stone former
    • Hess B, Jordi S, Zipperle L, Ettinger E, Giovanoli R (2000) Citrate determines calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics and crystal morphology - studies in presence of Tamm-Horsfall protein of a healthy subject and a severely recurrent calcium stone former. Nephrol Dial Transplant 15: 366
    • (2000) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.15 , pp. 366
    • Hess, B.1    Jordi, S.2    Zipperle, L.3    Ettinger, E.4    Giovanoli, R.5
  • 5
    • 85047697933 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for low urinary citrate in calcium nephrolithiasis: Low vegetable fibre intake and low urine volume to be added to the list
    • Hess B, Michel R, Takkinen R, Ackermann D, Jaeger P (1994) Risk factors for low urinary citrate in calcium nephrolithiasis: low vegetable fibre intake and low urine volume to be added to the list. Nephrol Dial Transplant 9: 642
    • (1994) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.9 , pp. 642
    • Hess, B.1    Michel, R.2    Takkinen, R.3    Ackermann, D.4    Jaeger, P.5
  • 6
    • 0020630914 scopus 로고
    • Citrate excretion: A window on renal metabolism
    • Simpson DP (1983) Citrate excretion: a window on renal metabolism. Am J Physiol 244: F223
    • (1983) Am J Physiol , vol.244
    • Simpson, D.P.1
  • 7
    • 0023629462 scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment to prevent recurrent calcium urolithiasis
    • Churchill DN (1987) Medical treatment to prevent recurrent calcium urolithiasis. Mineral Eletrolyte Metab 13: 294
    • (1987) Mineral Eletrolyte Metab , vol.13 , pp. 294
    • Churchill, D.N.1
  • 8
    • 0027960842 scopus 로고
    • The effects of sodium citrate and oral potassium citrate on urease-induced crystallization
    • Wang Y-H, Grenabo L, Hedelin H, Pettersson S (1994) The effects of sodium citrate and oral potassium citrate on urease-induced crystallization. Br J Urol 74: 409
    • (1994) Br J Urol , vol.74 , pp. 409
    • Wang, Y.-H.1    Grenabo, L.2    Hedelin, H.3    Pettersson, S.4
  • 9
    • 0014017302 scopus 로고
    • Die Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Harnsäuresteinen der Niere durch orale Alkalisierung
    • Kollwitz AA (1966) Die Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Harnsä uresteinen der Niere durch orale Alkalisierung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 28: 1257
    • (1966) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.28 , pp. 1257
    • Kollwitz, A.A.1
  • 10
    • 0014831789 scopus 로고
    • The peroral dissolution of renal calculi
    • Uhlir K (1970) The peroral dissolution of renal calculi. J Urol 104: 239
    • (1970) J Urol , vol.104 , pp. 239
    • Uhlir, K.1
  • 11
    • 0017717931 scopus 로고
    • Uric acid calculi: Results of conservative treatment
    • Petritsch PH (1977) Uric acid calculi: results of conservative treatment. Urology 10: 536
    • (1977) Urology , vol.10 , pp. 536
    • Petritsch, P.H.1
  • 12
    • 0019178024 scopus 로고
    • Harnstein-Prophylaxe mit einer Benzbromaron-Zitrat-Kombination
    • Bach D, Hesse A, Strenge A, Vahlensieck W (1980) Harnstein-Prophylaxe mit einer Benzbromaron-Zitrat-Kombination. Fortschr Med 44: 1752
    • (1980) Fortschr Med , vol.44 , pp. 1752
    • Bach, D.1    Hesse, A.2    Strenge, A.3    Vahlensieck, W.4
  • 13
    • 0020055853 scopus 로고
    • Oxalatsteinprophylaxe durch Alkali-Therapie
    • Butz M (1982) Oxalatsteinprophylaxe durch Alkali-Therapie. Urologe A 21: 142
    • (1982) Urologe A , vol.21 , pp. 142
    • Butz, M.1
  • 14
    • 0020875461 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and physicochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy
    • Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Fuller CJ (1983) Physiological and physicochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 96: 294
    • (1983) Trans Assoc Am Physicians , vol.96 , pp. 294
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Sakhaee, K.2    Fuller, C.J.3
  • 15
    • 0021369377 scopus 로고
    • Use of potassium citrate as potassium supplement during thiazide therapy of calcium nephrolithiasis
    • Nicar MJ, Peterson R, Pak CY (1984) Use of potassium citrate as potassium supplement during thiazide therapy of calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol 131: 430
    • (1984) J Urol , vol.131 , pp. 430
    • Nicar, M.J.1    Peterson, R.2    Pak, C.Y.3
  • 16
    • 0021926909 scopus 로고
    • Correction of hypocitraturia and prevention of stone formation by combined thiazide and potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis
    • Pak CY, Peterson R, Sakhaee K, Fuller C, Preminger G, Reisch J (1985) Correction of hypocitraturia and prevention of stone formation by combined thiazide and potassium citrate therapy in thiazide-unresponsive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Am J Med 79: 284
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.79 , pp. 284
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Peterson, R.2    Sakhaee, K.3    Fuller, C.4    Preminger, G.5    Reisch, J.6
  • 17
    • 0021888061 scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate
    • Pak CY, Fuller C, Sakhaee K, Preminger GM, Britton F (1985) Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. J Urol 134: 11
    • (1985) J Urol , vol.134 , pp. 11
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Fuller, C.2    Sakhaee, K.3    Preminger, G.M.4    Britton, F.5
  • 18
    • 0021813989 scopus 로고
    • The current role of medical treatment of nephrolithiasis: The impact of improved techniques of stone removal
    • Preminger GM, Peterson R, Peters PC, Pak CY (1985) The current role of medical treatment of nephrolithiasis: the impact of improved techniques of stone removal. J Urol 134: 6
    • (1985) J Urol , vol.134 , pp. 6
    • Preminger, G.M.1    Peterson, R.2    Peters, P.C.3    Pak, C.Y.4
  • 19
    • 0022579717 scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis successfully treated with potassium citrate
    • Pak CY, Fuller C (1986) Idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis successfully treated with potassium citrate. Ann Int Med 104: 33
    • (1986) Ann Int Med , vol.104 , pp. 33
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Fuller, C.2
  • 20
    • 0022654270 scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate
    • Pak CY, Peterson R (1986) Successful treatment of hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. Arch Intern Med 146: 863
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 863
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Peterson, R.2
  • 21
    • 0022547927 scopus 로고
    • Successful management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate
    • Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Fuller C (1986) Successful management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. Kidney Int 30: 422
    • (1986) Kidney Int , vol.30 , pp. 422
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Sakhaee, K.2    Fuller, C.3
  • 22
    • 0023036349 scopus 로고
    • Urinary response to oral potassium citrate therapy for urolithiasis in a private practice setting
    • Nicar MJ, Hsu MC, Fetner C (1986) Urinary response to oral potassium citrate therapy for urolithiasis in a private practice setting. Clin Ther 8: 219
    • (1986) Clin Ther , vol.8 , pp. 219
    • Nicar, M.J.1    Hsu, M.C.2    Fetner, C.3
  • 23
    • 0023858549 scopus 로고
    • Renal hypercalciuria and metabolic acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney: Effect of alkali therapy
    • Higashihara E, Nutahara K, Niijima T (1988) Renal hypercalciuria and metabolic acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney: effect of alkali therapy. Urol Res 16: 95
    • (1988) Urol Res , vol.16 , pp. 95
    • Higashihara, E.1    Nutahara, K.2    Niijima, T.3
  • 24
    • 0025270774 scopus 로고
    • Alkali citrate for preventing recurrence of calcium oxalate stones
    • Hauser W, Frick J, Kunit G (1990). Alkali citrate for preventing recurrence of calcium oxalate stones. Eur Urol 17: 248
    • (1990) Eur Urol , vol.17 , pp. 248
    • Hauser, W.1    Frick, J.2    Kunit, G.3
  • 25
    • 0025189370 scopus 로고
    • Effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine: Changes produced by food-magnesium interaction
    • Lindberg J, Harvey J, Pak CY (1990) Effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine: changes produced by food-magnesium interaction. J Urol 143: 248
    • (1990) J Urol , vol.143 , pp. 248
    • Lindberg, J.1    Harvey, J.2    Pak, C.Y.3
  • 26
    • 0025977689 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis of uric acid stones with alternate day doses of alkaline potassium salts
    • Rodman JS (1991) Prophylaxis of uric acid stones with alternate day doses of alkaline potassium salts. J Urol 145: 97
    • (1991) J Urol , vol.145 , pp. 97
    • Rodman, J.S.1
  • 27
    • 0026667242 scopus 로고
    • Citrate and recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: A longitudinal pilot study on the metabolic effects of oral potassium sodium citrate administered as short-, medium- and long-term to male stone patients (version I)
    • Herrmann U, Schwille PO, Schwarzlaender H, Berger I, Hoffmann G (1992) Citrate and recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: a longitudinal pilot study on the metabolic effects of oral potassium sodium citrate administered as short-, medium- and long-term to male stone patients (version I). Urol Res 20: 347
    • (1992) Urol Res , vol.20 , pp. 347
    • Herrmann, U.1    Schwille, P.O.2    Schwarzlaender, H.3    Berger, I.4    Hoffmann, G.5
  • 28
    • 0026561978 scopus 로고
    • Citrate and recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: A longitudinal pilot study on the metabolic effects of oral potassium citrate administered over the short-, medium- and long-term medication of male stone patients (version II)
    • Schwille PO, Herrmann U, Wolf C, Berger I, Meister R (1992) Citrate and recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: a longitudinal pilot study on the metabolic effects of oral potassium citrate administered over the short-, medium- and long-term medication of male stone patients (version II). Urol Res 20: 145
    • (1992) Urol Res , vol.20 , pp. 145
    • Schwille, P.O.1    Herrmann, U.2    Wolf, C.3    Berger, I.4    Meister, R.5
  • 29
    • 0026554159 scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical action of potassium-magnesium citrate in nephrolithiasis
    • Pak CY, Koenig K, Khan R, Haynes S, Padalino P (1992) Physicochemical action of potassium-magnesium citrate in nephrolithiasis. J Bone Miner Res 7: 281
    • (1992) J Bone Miner Res , vol.7 , pp. 281
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Koenig, K.2    Khan, R.3    Haynes, S.4    Padalino, P.5
  • 30
    • 0026513024 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of urinary oxalate by combined calcium and citrate administration without increase in urinary calcium oxalate stone formers
    • Ito H, Suzuki F, Yamaguchi K, Nishikawa Y, Kotake T (1992) Reduction of urinary oxalate by combined calcium and citrate administration without increase in urinary calcium oxalate stone formers. Clin Nephrol 37: 14
    • (1992) Clin Nephrol , vol.37 , pp. 14
    • Ito, H.1    Suzuki, F.2    Yamaguchi, K.3    Nishikawa, Y.4    Kotake, T.5
  • 31
    • 0026757214 scopus 로고
    • The effects of a single evening dose of alkaline citrate on urine composition and calcium stone formation
    • Berg C, Larsson L, Tiselius HG (1992) The effects of a single evening dose of alkaline citrate on urine composition and calcium stone formation. J Urol 148: 979
    • (1992) J Urol , vol.148 , pp. 979
    • Berg, C.1    Larsson, L.2    Tiselius, H.G.3
  • 33
    • 0027204805 scopus 로고
    • Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors
    • Wabner CL, Pak CY (1993) Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. J Urol 149: 1405
    • (1993) J Urol , vol.149 , pp. 1405
    • Wabner, C.L.1    Pak, C.Y.2
  • 34
    • 0027450653 scopus 로고
    • Can citrate therapy prevent nephrolithiasis?
    • Abdulhadi MH, Hall PM, Streem SB (1993) Can citrate therapy prevent nephrolithiasis? Urology 41: 221
    • (1993) Urology , vol.41 , pp. 221
    • Abdulhadi, M.H.1    Hall, P.M.2    Streem, S.B.3
  • 35
    • 0027720279 scopus 로고
    • Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis
    • Barcelo P, Wuhl O, Servitge E, Rousaud A, Pak CY (1993) Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urology 150: 1761
    • (1993) J Urology , vol.150 , pp. 1761
    • Barcelo, P.1    Wuhl, O.2    Servitge, E.3    Rousaud, A.4    Pak, C.Y.5
  • 36
    • 0028339533 scopus 로고
    • Development of metaphylaxis in calcium urolithiasis: A restriction of conventional drug therapy
    • Kocvara R, Louzensky G, Tuikova J (1994) Development of metaphylaxis in calcium urolithiasis: a restriction of conventional drug therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 26: 269
    • (1994) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.26 , pp. 269
    • Kocvara, R.1    Louzensky, G.2    Tuikova, J.3
  • 37
    • 0028257995 scopus 로고
    • Alkali citrate prophylaxis in idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis - A prospective randomized study
    • Hofbauer J, Hobarth K, Szabo N, Marberger M (1994) Alkali citrate prophylaxis in idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis - a prospective randomized study. Br J Urol 73: 362
    • (1994) Br J Urol , vol.73 , pp. 362
    • Hofbauer, J.1    Hobarth, K.2    Szabo, N.3    Marberger, M.4
  • 38
    • 0028040348 scopus 로고
    • Effect of alkaline citrate therapy on clearance of residual renal stone fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in sterile calcium and infection nephrolithiasis patients
    • Cicerello E, Merlo F, Gambaro G, Maccatrozzo L, Fandella A, Baggio B et al. (1994) Effect of alkaline citrate therapy on clearance of residual renal stone fragments after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in sterile calcium and infection nephrolithiasis patients. J Urol 151: 5
    • (1994) J Urol , vol.151 , pp. 5
    • Cicerello, E.1    Merlo, F.2    Gambaro, G.3    Maccatrozzo, L.4    Fandella, A.5    Baggio, B.6
  • 39
    • 0028970389 scopus 로고
    • Effect of medical management and residual fragments on recurrent stone formation following shock wave lithotripsy
    • Fine JK, Pak CY, Preminger GM (1995) Effect of medical management and residual fragments on recurrent stone formation following shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 153: 27
    • (1995) J Urol , vol.153 , pp. 27
    • Fine, J.K.1    Pak, C.Y.2    Preminger, G.M.3
  • 40
    • 0030417620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy on the formation of new stones in groups of recurrent stone formers with hypocitraturia
    • Whalley NA, Meyers AM, Martins M, Margolius LP (1996) Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy on the formation of new stones in groups of recurrent stone formers with hypocitraturia. Br J Urol 78: 10
    • (1996) Br J Urol , vol.78 , pp. 10
    • Whalley, N.A.1    Meyers, A.M.2    Martins, M.3    Margolius, L.P.4
  • 41
    • 0030829721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
    • Ettinger B, Pak CY, Citron JT, Thomas C, Adams-Huet B, Vangessel A (1997) Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol 158: 2069
    • (1997) J Urol , vol.158 , pp. 2069
    • Ettinger, B.1    Pak, C.Y.2    Citron, J.T.3    Thomas, C.4    Adams-Huet, B.5    Vangessel, A.6
  • 42
    • 0031671849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of lithogenic urinary parameters with a low dose potassium citrate treatment
    • Grases F, Conte A, March JG, Garcia-Ferragut L (1998) Evolution of lithogenic urinary parameters with a low dose potassium citrate treatment. Int Urol Nephrol 30: 1
    • (1998) Int Urol Nephrol , vol.30 , pp. 1
    • Grases, F.1    Conte, A.2    March, J.G.3    Garcia-Ferragut, L.4
  • 43
    • 0032400814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agglomeration inhibition reflected stone forming activity during long-term potassium citrate therapy in calcium stone formers
    • Fuselier HA, Moore K, Lindberg J, Husserl FE, Cole FE, Kok DJ et al. (1998) Agglomeration inhibition reflected stone forming activity during long-term potassium citrate therapy in calcium stone formers. Urology 52: 988
    • (1998) Urology , vol.52 , pp. 988
    • Fuselier, H.A.1    Moore, K.2    Lindberg, J.3    Husserl, F.E.4    Cole, F.E.5    Kok, D.J.6
  • 44
    • 0011884822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of potassium citrate based medical prophylaxis for preventing upper urinary tract calculi: A midterm follow-up study
    • Lee YH, Huang WC, Tsai JY, Huang JK (1999) The efficacy of potassium citrate based medical prophylaxis for preventing upper urinary tract calculi: a midterm follow-up study. J Urol 161: 1453
    • (1999) J Urol , vol.161 , pp. 1453
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Huang, W.C.2    Tsai, J.Y.3    Huang, J.K.4
  • 45
    • 0033058045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium magnesium citrate on thiazide-induced hypokalemia and magnesium loss
    • Ruml LA, Pak CY (1999) Effect of potassium magnesium citrate on thiazide-induced hypokalemia and magnesium loss. Am J Kidney Dis 34: 107
    • (1999) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.34 , pp. 107
    • Ruml, L.A.1    Pak, C.Y.2
  • 47
    • 0036228189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium citrate therapy on stone recurrence and residual fragments after shockwave lithotripsy in lower caliceal calcium oxalate urolithiasis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Soygür T, Akbay A, Kupeli S (2002) Effect of potassium citrate therapy on stone recurrence and residual fragments after shockwave lithotripsy in lower caliceal calcium oxalate urolithiasis: a randomized controlled trial. J Endourol 16: 149
    • (2002) J Endourol , vol.16 , pp. 149
    • Soygür, T.1    Akbay, A.2    Kupeli, S.3
  • 48
    • 0037304583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stone formation and bone loss in absorptive hypercalciuria by combined dietary and pharmacological interventions
    • Pak CY, Heller HJ, Pearle MS, Odvina CV, Poindexter JR, Peterson RD (2003) Prevention of stone formation and bone loss in absorptive hypercalciuria by combined dietary and pharmacological interventions. J Urol 169: 465
    • (2003) J Urol , vol.169 , pp. 465
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Heller, H.J.2    Pearle, M.S.3    Odvina, C.V.4    Poindexter, J.R.5    Peterson, R.D.6
  • 49
    • 0141683580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study on the efficacy of a selective treatment and risk factors for relapse in recurrent calcium oxalate stone patients
    • Siener R, Glatz S, Nicolay C, Hesse A (2003) Prospective study on the efficacy of a selective treatment and risk factors for relapse in recurrent calcium oxalate stone patients. Eur Urol 44: 467
    • (2003) Eur Urol , vol.44 , pp. 467
    • Siener, R.1    Glatz, S.2    Nicolay, C.3    Hesse, A.4
  • 50
    • 0346848833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of metabolic evaluation and medical treatment for calcium nephrolithiasis in a private urological practice
    • Mardis HK, Parks JH, Muller G, Ganzel K, Coe FL (2004) Outcome of metabolic evaluation and medical treatment for calcium nephrolithiasis in a private urological practice. J Urol 171: 85
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 85
    • Mardis, H.K.1    Parks, J.H.2    Muller, G.3    Ganzel, K.4    Coe, F.L.5
  • 52
    • 0032801371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
    • Pearle MS, Roehrborn CG, Pak CY (1999) Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Endourol 13: 679
    • (1999) J Endourol , vol.13 , pp. 679
    • Pearle, M.S.1    Roehrborn, C.G.2    Pak, C.Y.3
  • 53
    • 0346275130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs 2000
    • Hesse A, Brändle E, Wilbert D, Köhrmann K-U, Alken P (2003) Study on the prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in Germany comparing the years 1979 vs 2000. Eur Urol 44: 709
    • (2003) Eur Urol , vol.44 , pp. 709
    • Hesse, A.1    Brändle, E.2    Wilbert, D.3    Köhrmann, K.-U.4    Alken, P.5
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0034489047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-over study of the influence of bicarbonate-rich mineral water on urinary composition in comparison with sodium potassium citrate in healthy subjects
    • Kessler T, Hesse A (2000) Cross-over study of the influence of bicarbonate-rich mineral water on urinary composition in comparison with sodium potassium citrate in healthy subjects. Br J Nutr 84: 865
    • (2000) Br J Nutr , vol.84 , pp. 865
    • Kessler, T.1    Hesse, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.