The investigation and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 351-361

  Deshpande, Sanjeev ^a   Platt, Martin Ward ^b  

^a ROYAL SHREWSBURY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL VICTORIA INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blood glucose measurement; Glucose; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycaemia; Intrauterine growth restriction; Preterm

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; HYPOSTOP; LABETALOL; MEDIUM CHAIN TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

BIRTH; BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; BRAIN MALFORMATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISABILITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG SAFETY; ELECTRONEUROLOGY; ELECTRONIC SENSOR; ENTERIC FEEDING; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HEALTH HAZARD; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERINSULINISM; HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPOPITUITARISM; ISOTOPE DILUTION ASSAY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDICAL ASSESSMENT; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MICRODIALYSIS; MICROPENIS; NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY; NEWBORN CARE; NEWBORN SEPSIS; PERINATAL ASPHYXIA; POLYCYTHEMIA; RECURRENT DISEASE; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; UMBILICAL HERNIA;

EID: 21444450978     PISSN: 1744165X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2005.04.002     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. M. Cornblath, and S.H. Reisner Blood glucose in the neonate and its clinical significance New Eng J Med 273 1965 378 381
2. T.H.H.G. Koh, J.A. Eyre, and A. Aynsley-Green Neonatal hypoglycaemia - the controversy regarding definition Arch Dis Child 63 1988 1386 1388
3. T. Koh, and S.K. Vong Definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia: is there a change? J Pediatr Child Health 32 1996 302 305
4. M. Cornblath, R. Schwartz, A. Aynsley-Green, and J.K. Llyod Hypoglycaemia in infancy: the need for a rational definition Pediatrics 85 1990 834 837
5. R.P. Schwartz Neonatal hypoglycaemia: how low is too low? J Pediatr 131 1997 171 173
6. M. Cornblath, J.M. Hawdon, A.F. Williams, A. Aynsley-Green, M.P. Ward-Platt, R. Schwartz Controversies regarding definition of neonatal hypoglycaemia: suggested operational thresholds Pediatrics 105 2000 1141 1145
7. G. Srinivasan, R.S. Pildes, G. Cattamanchi, S. Voora, and L.D. Lillen Plasma glucose values in normal neonates: a new look J Pediatr 109 1986 114 117
8. M. Cornblath, B.G. Odell, and E.Y. Levin Symptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia associated with toxaemia of pregnancy J Pediatr 55 1959 545 562
9. R.J. Brown, and P.G. Wallis Hypoglycaemia in the newborn infant Lancet 1 1963 1278 1282
10. A. Lucas, R. Morley, and T.J. Cole Adverse neurodevelopmental outcome of moderate neonatal hypoglycaemia Br Med J 297 1988 1304 1308
11. A. Mitrakou, C. Ryan, T. Veneman, M. Mokan, T. Jenssen, I. Kiss Hierarchy of glycaemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone secretion, symptoms, and cerebral dysfunction Am J Physiol 260 1991 E67 E74
12. J. Hawdon, M. Ward Platt, and A. Aynsley-Green Patterns of metabolic adaptation for preterm and term infants in the first neonatal week Arch Dis Child 67 1992 357 365
13. T.H.H.G. Koh, A. Aynsley-Green, M. Tarbit, and J.A. Eyre Neural dysfunction during hypoglycaemia Arch Dis Child 63 1988 1353 1358
14. G. Greisen, and O. Pryds Neonatal hypoglycaemia Lancet 1 1989 332 333
15. O. Pryds, N.J. Christensen, and B. Friis-Hansen Increased cerebral blood flow and plasma epinephrine in hypoglycaemic preterm neonates Pediatrics 85 1990 172 176
16. A. Lucas, and R. Morley Outcome of neonatal hypoglycaemia (reply to Cornblath M, Schwartz R, Br Med J 1999 ;318:194) Br Med J 318 1999 195
17. H. Kraus, S. Schlenker, and D. Schwedsky Developmental changes of cerebral ketone body utilization in human infants Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 355 1974 164 170
18. P.F. Bougneres, C. Zemmel, P. Ferre, and D.M. Bier Ketone body transport in the human neonate and infant J Clin Invest 77 1986 42 48
19. J.M. Medina The role of lactate as an energy substrate for the brain during the early neonatal period Biol Neonate 48 1985 237 244
20. J.A. Eyre, A.G. Stuart, R.J. Forsyth, D. Heaviside, and K. Bartlett Glucose export from the brain in man: evidence for a role for astrocytic glycogen as a reservoir of glucose for neuronal metabolism Brain Res 635 1994 349 352
21. W.A. Salhab, M.H. Wyckoff, A.R. Laptook, and J.M. Perlman Initial hypoglycaemia and neonatal brain injury in term infants with severe fetal acidaemia Pediatrics 114 2004 361 366
22. M.P. Ward Platt Hypoglycaemia in the newborn Curr Med Lit Paediatr 4 1991 31 34
23. U. Hannestad, and A. Lundblad Accurate and precise isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for determining glucose in whole blood Clin Chem 43 1997 794 800
24. J.M. Burrin, and K.G.M.M. Alberti What is blood glucose: can it be measured? Diabetic Med 7 1990 199 206
25. A. Aynsley-Green Glucose: a fuel for thought! J Pediatr Child Health 27 1991 21 30
26. G.J. Reynolds, and S. Davies A clinical audit of cotside blood glucose measurement in the detection of neonatal hypoglycaemia J Pediatr Child Health 29 1993 289 291
27. M. Papp, and N. Sharief Comparison of two strip test methods of whole blood glucose measurement in the neonatal period Acta Pediatr 90 2001 1042 1046
28. P.J. McNamara, and N. Sharief Comparison of EML 105 and Advantage analysers measuring capillary versus whole blood glucose in neonates Acta Pediatr 90 2001 1033 1041
29. H.T. Ho, W.K.Y. Yeung, and B.W.Y. Young Evaluation of 'point of care' devices in the measurement of low blood glucose in neonatal practice Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 89 2004 F356 F359
30. Medical Devices Agency Safety notice MDA SN 9616: extra-laboratory use of blood glucose meters and test strips: contra-indications, training and advice to the users 1996 Medical Devices Agency Adverse Incident Centre London
31. S.A. Deshpande, J.N.S. Matthews, and M.P. Ward Platt Measuring blood glucose in neonatal units: how does HemoCue compare? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 75 1996 F202 F208
32. J.D. Newman, N.S. Pecache, C.P. Barfield, and N.D.H. Balazs Point-of-care testing of blood glucose in the neonatal unit using the AVL Omni 9 analyser Ann Clin Biochem 39 2002 509 512
33. M. Horal, U. Ungerstedt, B. Persson, M. Westgren, and C. Marcus Metabolic adaptation in IUGR neonates determined with microdialysis - a pilot study Early Hum Dev 42 1995 1 14
34. F.A.M. Baumeister, B. Rollinski, R. Busch, and P. Emmrich Glucose monitoring with long-term subcutaneous microdialysis in neonates Pediatrics 108 2001 1187 1192
35. P.W. Soothill, K.H. Nicolaides, and S. Campbell Prenatal asphyxia, hyperlacticaemia, hypoglycaemia, and erhtroblastosis in growth retarded fetuses Br Med J 294 1987 1051 1053
36. A. Lucas, S. Boyes, S.R. Bloom, and A. Aynsley-Green Metabolic and endocrine responses to a milk feed in 6 day old term infants: differences between breast and cow's milk formula feeding Acta Pediatr Scand 70 1981 195 200
37. I. Swenne, U. Ewald, J. Gustafsson, E. Sandberg, and C.-G. Ostenson Inter-relationship between serum concentrations of glucose, glucagon and insulin during the first two days of life in healthy newborns Acta Pediatr Scand 83 1994 915 919
38. L. de Rooy, and J.M. Hawdon Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic adaptation of full-term small- and large-for-gestational-age infants Pediatrics 109 2002 e42
39. National Childbirth Trust Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: guidelines for appropriate blood glucose screening and treatment of breastfed and bottle fed babies in the United Kingdom 1997 National Childbirth Trust London
40. A.F. Williams Hypoglycaemia of the newborn: a review Bull WHO 75 1997 261 290
41. A. Sunehag, U. Ewald, A. Larsson, and J. Gustafsson Glucose production rate in extremely immature neonates (<28 weeks) studied by use of deuterated glucose Pediatr Res 33 1993 97 100
42. D.L. Economides, and K.H. Nicolaides Blood glucose and oxygen tension levels in small for gestational age fetuses Am J Obstet Gynecol 160 1989 385 389
43. J.V. Collins, J.V. Leonard, D. Teale, V. Marks, D.M. Williams, C.R. Kennedy Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in small for dates babies Arch Dis Child 65 1990 1118 1120
44. J.M. Hawdon, A. Aynsley-Green, K.G.M.M. Alberti, and M.P. Ward Platt The role of pancreatic insulin secretion in neonatal glucoregulation. I. Healthy term and preterm infants Arch Dis Child 68 1993 274 279
45. J.M. Hawdon, A. Weddell, A. Aynsley-Green, and M.P. Ward Platt Hormonal and metabolic response to hypoglycaemia in small for gestational age infants Arch Dis Child 68 1993 269 273
46. R.A. Bazaes, T.E. Salazar, E. Pittaluga, V. Peria, A. Alegria, G. Iniguez Glucose and lipid metabolism in small for gestational age infants at 48 hours of age Pediatrics 111 2003 804 809
47. L. Sann, M. Mathieu, Y. Lasne, and A. Ruitton Effect of oral administration of lipids with 67% medium chain triglycerides on glucose homeostasis in preterm neonates Metabolism 30 1981 712 716
48. L. Sann, P. Divry, Y. Lasne, and A. Ruitton Effect of oral lipid administration on glucose homeostasis in small for gestational age infants Acta Pediatr Scand 71 1982 923 927
49. J.M. Hawdon, A. Aynsley-Green, and M.P. Ward Platt Neonatal blood glucose concentrations: metabolic effects of intravenous glucagon and intragastric medium chain triglyceride Arch Dis Child 68 1993 255 261
50. Z. Nachum, I. Ben-Shlomo, E. Weiner, and E. Shalev Twice daily versus four times daily insulin dose regimens for diabetes in pregnancy: randomised controlled trial Br Med J 39 1999 1223 1227
51. O. Andersen, J. Hertel, L. Schmilker, and C. Kuhl Influence of maternal plasma glucose on the risk of hypoglycaemia in infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers Acta Pediatr Scand 74 1985 268 273
52. R. Taylor, C. Lee, D. Kyne-Grzebalski, S.M. Marshall, and J.M. Davison Clinical outcomes of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes Obstet Gynecol 99 2002 537 541
53. R.M. Cowett, and R. Schwartz The infant of diabetic mother Pediatr Clin N Am 29 1982 1213 1231
54. J.M. Hawdon, M.P. Ward Platt, and A. Aynsley-Green Prevention and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 70 1994 F60 F65
55. P.Y.K. Wu, H. Modanlou, and M. Karelitz Effect of glucagon on blood glucose homeostasis in infants of diabetic mothers Acta Pediatr Scand 64 1975 441 445
56. L.D. Lilien, L.A. Grajwer, and R.A. Pildes Treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia with continuous intravenous glucose infusion J Pediatr 91 1977 779 782
57. A. Shah, R. Stanhope, and D. Matthew Hazards of pharmacological tests of growth hormone secretion in children Br Med J 304 1992 173 174
58. M. Cornblath, and R. Schwartz Hypoglycemia in the neonate J Pediatr Endocrinol 6 1993 113 129
59. R.D.G. Milner, and A.D. Wright Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid, insulin and growth hormone response to glucagon in the newborn Clin Sci 32 1967 249 255
60. P.E. Carter, D.J. Lloyd, and P. Duffy Glucagon for hypoglycaemia in infants small for gestational age Arch Dis Child 63 1988 1264 1266
61. R.E. Miralles, A. Lodha, M. Perlman, and A.N. Moore Experience with intravenous glucagon infusions as a treatment for resistant neonatal hypoglycaemia Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156 2002 999 1004
62. M.G. Coulthard, and E.N. Hey Glucagon is very unlikely to have caused hyponatremia Pediatrics 109 2002 985
63. D.S. Charsha, P.S. McKinley, and J.M. Whitfield Glucagon infusion for the treatment of hypoglycaemia: efficacy and safety in sick, preterm infants Pediatrics 111 2003 220 221
64. K.E.V. Troughton, N.P. Corrigan, and R.M.E. Tait Hypostop gel in the treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a randomised control trial (abstract) Arch Dis Child 82 2000 A1
65. S.K. Bhowmick, and G. Lewandowski Prolonged hyperinsulinism and hypoglycaemia in an asphyxiated, small for gestation infant. Case management and literature review Clin Pediatr 28 1989 575 578
66. J.E. Collins, and J.V. Leonard Hyperinsulinism in asphyxiated and small for dates infants with hypoglycaemia Lancet ii 1985 311 317
67. G. Brown, R. Brown, and E. Hey Foetal hyperinsulinism in rhesus isoimmunisation Am J Obstet Gynecol 131 1978 682 686
68. A. Lucas, T.E. Adrian, A. Aynsley-Green, and S.R. Bloom Iatrogenic hyperinsulinism at birth Lancet i 1980 144 145
69. F. Yap, W. Hogler, A. Vora, R. Halliday, and G. Ambler Severe transient hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia: two neonates without predisposing factors and a review of the literature Eur J Pediatr 163 2004 38 41
70. A. Aynsley-Green, K. Hussain, J. Hall, J.M. Saudubray, C. Nihoul-Fekete, P. De Lonlay-Debeney Practical management of hyperinsulinism in infancy Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 82 2000 F98 F107
71. Hussain K. Congenital hyperinsulinism. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2005 [this issue].