The effect of compatibilizer and coupling agent on the properties of paper sludge filled polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites

Polymer - Plastics Technology and Engineering

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 863-879

  Ismail, Salmah H ^a   Bakar, A Abu ^a  

^a SCHOOL OF MATERIALS AND MINERAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Compatibilizer; Coupling agent; Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer; Paper sludge; Polypropylene

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE MATERIALS; ETHYLENE; GRAFTING (CHEMICAL); NUCLEATION; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TENSILE STRENGTH; WATER ABSORPTION;

COUPLING AGENTS; ETHYLENE DIENE TERPOLYMER (EPDM); PAPER SLUDGE; THERMAL BEHAVIOR;

POLYPROPYLENES;

POLYMER;

EID: 21444434443     PISSN: 03602559     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/PTE-200060848     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. David, N.S. Hon.; Caroline, J. Buhion. Composites from commingled polyethylene terephtalate high-density polyethylene and newspaper fibers. J. Thermoplast. Comp. Mater. 1997, 10, 287-301.
2. Mayers, G.E.; Clemons, C.M.; Balatinez, J.J.; Woodhams, R.T. Effect of composition and polypropylene melt flow on polypropylene waste newspaper composites. Proc. 1992 Ann. Conf. Soc. Plast. Eng. 1992, 1, 602-604.
3. Xiuying, Q.; Yong, Z.; Yinxi, Z. Ink-eliminated paper sludge flour as filler for polypropylene. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2003, 11, 321-326.
4. Ismail, H.; Rozman, H.D. Studies on the tensile properties of rubberwood fibre- natural rubber. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 1998, 41, 325-333.
5. Ismail, H.; Salmah.; Nasir, M. Dynamic vulcanization of rubberwood-filled polypropylene/natural rubber blends. Polym. Test. 2001, 20, 819-823.
6. Ismail, H.; Salmah.; Nasir, M. The effect of dynamic vulcanization on mechanical properties and water absorption of silica and rubberwood filled polypropylene/natural rubber hybrid composites. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 2003, 53 (3), 229-238.
7. Amash, A.; Zugenmaier, P. Study on cellulose and xylan filled polypropylene composites. Polym. Bull. 1998, 40, 251-258.
8. Gasan, J.; Bledzki, A.K. The influence of fiber-surface treatment on the mechanical properties of jute-polypropylene composites. Compos. Part A. 1997, 28A, 1001.
9. Ismail, H.; Shuhelmy, S.; Edyham, M.R. The effect of a silane coupling agent on curing characteristics and mechanical properties of bamboo fibre filled NR composites. Eur. Polym. J. 2002, 38, 39.
10. Ismail, H. The effect of filler loading and silane coupling agent on dynamic properties and swelling behavior of bamboo filled NR compounds. J. Elastomers Plast. 2003, 35, 149.
11. Chuai, C.Z.; Almdal, K.; Poulsen, L.; Plackett, D. Conifer fibers as reinforcing materials for polypropylene-based composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 80 (14), 2833-2841.
12. Son, J.; Kim, H.J.; Lee, P.W. Role of paper sludge particle size and extrusion temperature on performance of paper sludge-thermoplastic polymer composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001, 82, 2709.
13. Jang, J.; Lee, E. Improvement of the flame retardancy of paper-sludge/ polypropylene composites. Polym. Test. 2001, 20, 7-13.
14. Teemu, P.; Jossi, K.; Mika, S.; Tuula, T.P. Influence of malaeted polypropylene on mechanical properties of composites made of viscose fiber and polypropylene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 87, 1895.
15. Adrian, J. Nunez.; Pablo, C. Strurm.; Jose, M. Kenny.; M. I. Aranguren.; Norma E. Marcovich.; Maria, M. Reboredo. Mechanical characterization of polypropylene wood flour composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 88, 1420.
16. Guillermo, C.; Aitor, A.; Faustino, M.; Angel Valea.; Inaki, M. Mechanical behavior of wood/polypropylene composites, Effect of fibre treatments and ageing process. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 2003, 22 (1), 37.
17. Mehdi, T.; Ghanbar, E. Water uptake and mechanical characteristic of natural filler-polypropylene composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003 88, 941-946.
18. Joao Carlos, M.S.; Thais, H. Sydenstricker. SEM studies of fracture surface of polypropylene sawdust composites. Polym. Test. 2003, 22, 819-824.
19. 3 filled polyethylenes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1983, 28, 2701.
20. Raj, R.G.; Kokta, B.V.; Maldas, D.; Denault, C. Use of wood fiber in thermoplastic. VII. The effect of coupling agents in polyethylene-wood fiber composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1989, 37, 1089.
21. Jilken, L.; Malhammar, G.; Selden, R. The effect of mineral filler on impact and tensile properties of polypropylene. Polym. Test. 1991, 10, 329.
22. Riley, A.M.; Paynter, C.D.; McGenity, P.M.; Adams, J.M. Factors affecting the impact properties of mineral filled polypropylene. Plast. Rubb. Process. Appl. 1990, 14, 85.
23. Fuad, M.Y.A.; Ismail, Z.; Ishak, Z.A.M.; Omar, A.K.M. Application of rice husk ash as filler in polypropylene: Effect of titanate, zirconate and silane coupling agent. Eur. Polym. J. 1995, 31 (9), 885-893.
24. Greco, R.; Manacarella, C.; Martuscelli, E.; Ragosta, G. Polyolefin blends: 2. Effect of EPR composition on structure, morphology and mechanical properties of iPP/EPR alloys. Polymer 1987, 28, 1929-1936.
25. Ismail, H.; Salmah.; Bakar, A.A. The effect of paper sludge content on processibility, swelling behavior and morphology of polypropylene (PP)/ ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. (in press).
26. Jian, S.; Gending, J.; Beixing, H.; Fu, H.Y. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 1993, 12, 1344.
27. Xiuying, Q.; Yong, Z.; Yinxi, Z.; Yutang, Z. Ink-eliminated waste paper sludge flour-filled polypropylene composites with different coupling agent treatments. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89, 513-520.
28. Xiuying, Q., Yong, Z., and Yinxi, Z. Ink-eliminated paper sludge flour as filler for polypropylene. Polymer and Polymer Composites. 2003, 11(4), 321-326.
29. Quilin, D.T.; Canfield, D.T.; Koutsky, J. Crystallinity in the polypropylene/cellulose system. II. crystallization kinetics. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 52, 605.
30. Felix, J.M.; Gatenholm, P. The nature of adhesion in composites on modified cellulose fibre and polypropylene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1991, 42, 609-620.