Turbulence structure and exchange processes in an Alpine Valley: The Riviera Project

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 1367-1385

  Rotach, Mathias W ^a   Calanca, Pierluigi ^a   Graziani, Giovanni ^d   Gurtz, Joachim ^a   Steyn, D G ^c   Vogt, Roland ^b   Andretta, Marco ^a   Christen, Andreas ^b   Cieslik, Stanislaw ^d   Connolly, Richard ^d   De Wekker, Stephan F J ^c   Galmarini, Stefano ^d   Kadygrov, Evgeny N ^e   Kadygrov, Vladislav ^e   Miller, Evgeny ^e   Neininger, Bruno ^f   Rucker, Magdalena ^c   Van Gorsel, Eva ^b   Weber, Heidi ^a   Weiss, Alexandra ^a   Zappa, Massimiliano ^a   more..

^a Land Climate Dynamics Group   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^d JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

^e CENTRAL AEROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY   (Russian Federation)

^f MetAir ^*  (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; FORESTRY; HYDROLOGY; LANDFORMS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGY; VEGETATION;

ALPINE VALLEY; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; TURBULENT EXCHANGE PROCESSES;

ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE;

EID: 2142761324     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-85-9-1367     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Andretta, M., S. Zimmermann, M. W. Rotach, P. Calanca, A. Christen, and R. Vogt, 2000: Investigation of the near-surface boundary-layer in an Alpine valley. MAP Newsletter, Vol. 13, 68-69.
2. Andretta, M., A. Weiss, N. Kljun, and M. W. Rotach, 2001: Nearsurface turbulent momentum flux in an Alpine valley: Observational results. MAP Newsletter, Vol. 15, 122-125.
3. Anfossi, D., D. Desiato, G. Tinarelli, G. Brusasca, E. Ferrero, and D. Sacchetti, 1998: TRANSALP 1989 experimental campaign - II: Simulation of tracer experiments with Lagrangian particle model. Atmos. Environ., 32, 1157-1166.
4. Belcher, S. E., and J. C. R. Hunt, 1998: Turbulent flow over hills and waves. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 30, 507-538.
5. Beljaars, A. C. M., and P. Viterbo, 1998: Role of the boundary layer in a numerical weather prediction model. Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers, Proceedings of the Colloquium "Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layers," Amsterdam 26-29 August 1997, A. A. M. Holtslag and P. G. Duynkerke, Eds., Edita KNAW, 287-304.
6. Binder, P., and C. Schär, Eds., 1996: The Mesoscale Alpine Programme: Design proposal. MAP, 77 pp. [Available from MAP Programme Office, c/o Swiss Meteorological Institute, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerland.]
7. Bougeault, P., and Coauthors, 2001: The MAP special observing period. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 433-462.
8. Calanca, P., M. W. Rotach, A. Andretta, R. Vogt, E. Van Gorsel, and A. Christen, 2000: The turbulence structure in an Alpine valley. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 235-236.
9. Carlaw, S. M., N. Kouwen, and E. D. Soulis, 2000: The significance of soil moisture in flood forecasting. Abstracts, Annual Scientific Meeting, Banff, AB, Canada, Canadian Geophysical Union.
10. Christen, A., E. Van Gorsel, M. Andretta, P. Calanca, M. W. Rotach, and R. Vogt, 2000: Field intercomparison of ultrasonic anemometers during the MAP-Riviera project. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 130-131.
11. Christen, A., E. Van Gorsel, R. Vogt, M. Andretta, and M. W. Rotach, 2001: Ultra sonic anemometer instrumentation at steep slopes: Wind tunnel study-field intercomparison-measurements. MAP Newsletter, No. 15. [Availablel online at www.map.ethz.ch/NL15/christen.pdf.]
12. Cionco, R. M., and Coauthors, 1999: An overview of MADONA: A multinational field study of high-resolution meteorology and diffusion over complex terrain. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 5-20.
13. Clements, W. E., J. A. Archuleta, and P. H. Gudiksen, 1989: Experimental design for the 1984 ASCOT field study. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 405-413.
14. De Wekker, S. F. J., 2002: Structure and morphology of the convective boundary layer in mountainous terrain. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of British Columbia, 191 pp.
15. De Wekker, S. F. J., D. G. Steyn, M. W. Rotach, J. D. Fast, and S. Zhong, 2002: Observations and numerical modeling of the daytime boundary layer structure in the Riviera Valley, Switzerland. Preprints, 10th Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Park City, UT, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 35-38.
16. De Wekker, S. F. J., D. G. Steyn, J. D. Fast, M. W. Rotach, and S. Zhong, 2004: The performance of RAMS in representing the convective boundary layer structure in a very steep valley. J. Environ. Fluid Mech., in press.
17. Emeis, S., and M. W. Rotach, 1997: Working group on planetary boundary-layer (WG-PBL). MAP Newsletter, Vol. 6, 13-19.
18. Furger, M., and Coauthors, 2000: The VOTALP Mesolcina Valley Campaign 1996 - Concept, background and some highlights. Atmos. Environ., 34, 1395-1412.
19. Georgelin, M., E. Richard, M. Petitdidier, and A. Druilhet, 1994: Impact of subgrid-scale orography parameterization on the simulation of orographic flows. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1509-1522.
20. Girardi, F., G. Graziani, D. van Veltzen, S. Galmarini, S. Mosca, R. Bianconi, R. Bellasio, and W. Klug, Eds., 1998: The ETEX project. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities EUR Rep. 181-43, EN, 108 pp.
21. Gurtz, J., A. Baltensweiler, and H. Lang, 1999: Spatially distributed hydrotope-based modelling of evapotranspiration and runoff in mountainous basins. Hydrol. Processes, 13, 2751-2768.
22. Holtslag, A. A. M., and F. T. M. Nieuwstadt, 1986: Scaling the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 36, 201-209.
23. Jackson, P. S., and J. C. R. Hunt, 1975: Turbulent windflow over a low hill. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 101, 929-955.
24. Kadygrov, E. N., and D. R. Pick, 1998: The potential for temperature retrieval from an angular-scanning single channel microwave radiometer and some comparisons with in-situ observations. Meteor. Appl., 5, 393-404.
25. Kadygrov, E. N., V. Kadygrov, E. Miller, H. Weber, and M. W. Rotach, 2001: The thermal structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in an Alpine valley: Results of continuous remote sensing measurements and comparison with radiosonde data. IRS 2000: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and Yu M. Timofeyer, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 1097-1101.
26. Kuwagata, T., and F. Kimura, 1995: Daytime boundary layer evolution in a deep valley. Part I: Observations in the Ina Valley. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 1082-1091.
27. Louis, J. F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187-202.
28. Matzinger, N., M. Andretta, E. Van Gorsel, R. Vogt, A. Ohmura, and M. W. Rotach, 2003: Surface radiation budget in an alpine valley. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 877-895.
29. Neininger, B., W. Fuchs, M. Bäumle, A. Volz-Thomas, A. H. S. Prevot, and J. Dommen, 2001: A small aircraft for more than just ozone: Metair's Dimona after ten years of evolving developments. Preprints, 11th Symp. on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 123-128.
30. Pielke, R. A., and Coauthors, 1992: A comprehensive meteorological modeling system - RAMS. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 49, 69-91.
31. Plüss, C., and R. Mazzoni, 1994: The role of turbulent heat fluxes in the energy balance of high Alpine snow cover. Nord. Hydrol., 25, 25-38.
32. Randall, D. A., 2001: Representing the turbulent boundary layer in global atmospheric models. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 3, p. 4163.
33. Rotach, M. W., 1995: On the boundary layer over mountainous terrain - A frogs perspective. MAP Newsletter, Vol. 3, 31-32.
34. Rotach, M. W., P. Calanca, R. Vogt, D. G. Steyn, G. Graziani, and J. Gurtz, 2000: The turbulence structure and exchange processes in an Alpine valley: The MAP-Riviera project. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 231-234.
35. Rotach, M. W., P. Calanca, A. H. Weigel, and M. Andretta, 2003: On the closure of the surface energy balance in highly complex terrain. Extended Abstracts Vols. A and B, Int. Conf. on Alpine Meteorology and MAP Meeting 203, Veröffentlichungen der MeteoSchweiz, 66, 247-250.
36. Van Gorsel E., A. Christen, E. Parlow, and R. Vogt, 2000: Micrometeorological measurements at an alpine slope. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mountain Meteorology, Aspen, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 237-238.
37. Van Gorsel E., A. Christen, E. Parlow,and R. Vogt, 2001: Momentum transport in and above a forest at a steep slope. MAP Newsletter, No. 15. [Available online at www.map.ethz.ch/NL15/gorsel.pdf.]
38. Van Gorsel E., A. Christen, C. Feigenwinter, E. Parlow, and R. Vogt, 2003: Daytime turbulence statistics above a steep forested slope. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 109, 311-329.
39. Vergeiner, I., 1987: An elementary valley wind model. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 36, 255-263.
40. Vogt, R., C. Bernhofer, L. W. Gay, L. Jaeger, and E. Parlow, 1996: The available energy over a Scots Pine plantation: What's up for partitioning? Theor. Appl. Climatol., 53, 23-31.
41. Weigel, A. H., and M. W. Rotach, 2003: On the turbulence structure in a daytime alpine valley. Extended Abstracts Vols. A and B, Int. Conf. on Alpine Meteorology and MAP Meeting 203, Veröffentlichungen der MeteoSchweiz, 66, 162-165.
42. Weiss, A., 2002: Determination of thermal stratification and turbulence of the atmospheric surface layer over various types of terrain by optical scintillometry. Ph.D. thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Dissertation 14514, 153 pp.
43. Weiss, A., M. W. Rotach, and M. Hennes, 1999: Comparison of turbulence parameters derived from optical scintillation and eddy-correlation technique over flat terrain. Preprints, 13th Symp. on Boundary Layer and Turbulence, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 145-146.
44. Weiss, A., M. Hennes, and M. W. Rotach, 2001: Derivation of refractive index and temperature gradients from optical scintillometry for the correction of atmospheric induced problems in highly precise geodetic measurements. Surv. Geophys., 22, 589-596.
45. Whiteman, C. D., 1990: Observations of thermally developed wind systems in mountainous terrain. Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain, Meteor. Monogr., No. 45, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5-42.
46. Whiteman, C. D., 2000: Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 355 pp.
47. Whiteman, C. D., K. J. Allwine, L. J. Fritschen, M. M. Orgill, and J. R. Simpson, 1989a: Deep valley radiation and surface energy budget microclimates. Part I: Radiation. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 414-426.
48. Whiteman, C. D., K. J. Allwine, L. J. Fritschen, M. M. Orgill, and J. R. Simpson, 1989b: Deep valley radiation and surface energy budget microclimates. Part II: Energy budget. J. Appl. Meteor., 28, 427-437.
49. Zappa, M., N. Matzinger, and J. Gurtz, 2000: Hydrological and meteorological measurements at Claro (CH) - Lago Maggiore Target Area in the MAP-SOP 1999 RIVIERA experiment including first evaluation. Hydrological Aspects in the Mesoscale Alpine Programme-SOP Experiment, Tech. Rep. of the Department of Civil Engineering 10(2), University of Brescia, 33 pp.