Rhizobium extracellular structures in the symbiosis

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 127-136

  Coronado, C ^a   Sanchez Andujar B ^a   Palomares, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Exopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharide; Rhizobium legume symbiosis; (1,2) glucan

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); FABACEAE; RHIZOBIUM;

EID: 2142677730     PISSN: 09593993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00364677     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Abe, M., Amemura, A. & Higashi, S. 1982 Studies on cyclic β-(1,2)-glucan obtained from periplasmic space of Rhizobium trifolii cells. Plant Soil 64, 315-324.
2. Aman, P., McNeil, M., Franzen, L., Darvill, A.G. & Albereheim, P. 1981 Structural elucidation, using HPLC-MS and GLC-MS, of the acidic polysaccharide secreted by R. meliloti strain 1021. Carbohydrate Research 95, 263-282.
3. Batley, M., Redmond, J.W., Djordjevic, S.P. & Rolfe, B.C. 1987 Characterization of glycerophosphorylated cyclic beta-1,2-glucans from a fast growing Rhizobium species. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 901, 119-126.
4. Battisti, L., Lara, J.C. & Leigh, JA 1992 Specific oligosaccharide form of the Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharide promotes nodule invasion in alfalfa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89, 5625-5629.
5. Becker, A., Kleickmann, A., Arnold, W. & Pühler, A. 1993a Analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti exoH, exoK, exoL fragment: ExoK shows homology to excreted endo-β 1,3-1,4 glucanases and ExoH resembles membrane proteins. Molecular and General Genetics 238, 145-154.
6. Becker, A., Kleickmann, A, Arnold, W., Keller, M. & Pühler, A. 1993b Identification and analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti exoAMONP genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and mapping of promoters located on the exoHKLAMONP fragment. Molecular and General Genetics 241, 367-379.
7. Becker, A., Kleickmann, A., Küster, H., Keller, M., Arnold, W & Pühler, A. 1993c Analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti genes exoU, exoV, exoW, exoT, and exol involved in exopolysacchande biosynthesis and nodule invasion: exoU and exoW probably encodes glucosyltransferases. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 6, 735-744.
8. Bhagwat, A.A., Tully, R.E. & Keister, D.L. 1992 Isolation and characterization of an ndvB locus from Rhizobium fredu. Molecular Microbiology 6, 2159-2165.
9. Bhat, U.R., Mayer, H., Yokota, A., Hollingsworth, R.I. & Carlson, R.W. 1991 Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae. Journal of Bacteriology 173, 2155-2159.
10. Borthakur, D., Barber, C.E., Lamb, J.W., Daniels, M.J., Dowrue, J.A. & Johnston, A.W.B. 1986 A mutation that blocks exopolysaccharide synthesis prevents nodulation of peas by Rhizobium leguminosarum but not of beans by R. phaseoli and is corrected by cloned DNA from Rhizobium or the phytopathogen Xanthomonas Molecular and Genetics Genetics 213, 320-323.
11. Borthakur, D., Barker, R.F., Latchford, J.W., Rossen, L & Johnston, A.W.B. 1988 Analysis of pss genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum required for exopolysaccharide synthesis and nodulation of peas: their primary structure and their interaction with psi and other nodulation genes. Molecular and General Genetics 213, 155-162.
12. Breeveld, M.W. & Miller, K.J. 1994 Cyclic β-glucans of members of the family Rhizobiaceae. Microbiological Reviews 58, 145-161.
13. Breeveld, M.W., Zevenhuizen, L.P.T.M. & Zehnder, A.J.B. 1992 Synthesis of cyclic β-(1,2) glucans by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA-I: factors influencing excretion. Journal of Bacteriology 174, 6336-6342.
14. Brink, B.A., Miller, J., Carlson, R. W. & Noel, K.D. 1990 Expression of Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 genes for lipopolysaccharide in strains derived from different R. leguminosarum soil isolates. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 584-555.
15. Buendía, A.M., Enenkel, B., Köplin, R., Niehaus, K., Arnold, W. & Pühler, A. 1991 The Rhizobium meliloti exoZ/exoB fragment of megaplasmid 2: ExoB functions as a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and ExoZ shows homology to NodX of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain TOM. Molecular Microbiology 5, 1519-1530.
16. Cangelosi, GA, Hung, L., Puvanesarajah, V., Stacey, G, Ozga, D.A., Leigh, J.A. & Nester, E.W. 1987 Common loci for Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharide synthesis and their roles in plant interactions. Journal of Bacteriology 169, 2086-2091.
17. Cangelosi, G.A., Martinetti, G., Leigh, J.A., Lee, C.-C., Theines, C. & Nester, E.W 1989 A role for Agrobacterium tumefaciens ChvA protein in export of β-1,2-glucan. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 1609-1615.
18. Cangelosi, G.A., Martinetti, G. & Nester, E.W. 1990 Osmosensitivity phenotypes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mutants that lack periplasmic β-1,2-glucan Journal of Bacteriology 172, 2172-2174.
19. Carlson, G.A. 1984 Heterogeneity of Rhizobium polysaccharides. Journal of Bacteriology 158, 1012-1017.
20. Carlson, R.W., Bhat, U.R. & Reuhs, B. 1992 Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides; their structures and evidence for their importance in the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic infection of their host legumes. In: Plant Biotechnology and Development, ed Gresshoff, P.M. pp. 33-44. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
21. Carlson, R.W., Garvia, F., Noel, D & Hollingsworth, R. 1989 The structures of the lipopolysaccharide core components from Rhizobium leguminasarum biovar phaseoli CE3 and the two of its symbiotic mutants, CE109 and CE309. Carbohydrate Research 195, 101-110.
22. Carlson, R.W., Hollingsworth, R.I. & Dazzo, F. 1988 A core oligosaccharide component from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium trifolii ANU843. Carbohydrate Research 176, 127-135.
23. Carlson, R.W., Kalembasa, S., Turowski, D., Pachon, P. & Noel, K.D. 1987 Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from a Rhizobium phaseoli mutant that is defective in infection thread development. Journal of Bacteriology 169, 4923-4928
24. - mutant. Plant Physiology 72, 223-228.
25. Cava, J.R., Elias, P.M., Turowski. D.A. & Noel, K.D. 1989 Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 genetic regions encoding lipopolysaccharide structures for complete nodule development on bean plants. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 8-15.
26. Cava, J.R, Tao, H. & Noel, K.D 1990 Mapping of comple7mentation groups within a Rhizobium legurminosarum CFN42 chromosomal region required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Molecular and General Genetics 221, 125-128.
27. Chakravorty, A., Zurkowski, W., Shine, J. & Rolfe, B.G. 1982 Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: molecular cloning of Rhizobium genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and effective nodulation. Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics 1, 585-596.
28. Chen, H., Batley, M., Redmon, J. & Role, B.G. 1985 Alteration of the effective nodulation properties of a fast growing broad host range Rhizobium due to changes in exopolysaccharide synthesis. Journal Plant Physiology 120, 331-349.
29. Coronado, C., Megias, M., Ruiz-Berraquero, F. & Palomares, A.J. 1989 Interspeaes homology of nodule development genes in Rhizobium and Bradyrhtzobium spp. FEMS Microbiology Letters 59, 289-296.
30. De Maag, R.A., Rao, A.S., Mulders, I.H.M., Goosen de Roo, L., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Wijffelman, C.A. & Lugtenberg, B.J.J. 1989 Isolation and characterization of mutants of Rhizobium legummosarum bv. viciae 248 with altered lipopolysaccharides: possible role of surface charge or hydrophobicity in bacterial release from the infection thread. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 1143-1150.
31. Diebold, R., & Noel, K.D. 1989 Rhizobium leguminosantm exopolysaccharide mutants: Biochemical and genetic analyses and symbiotic behaviour on three hosts. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 4821-4830.
32. Djordjevic, S.P., Chen, H., Batley, M., Redmond, J.W. & Rolfe, B.G. 1987 Nitrogen fixation ability of exopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and Rhizobium trifolii is restored by the addition of homologous exopolysaccharides. Journal of Bacteriology 169, 53-60.
33. Djordjevic, S.P., Rolfe. B.C., Batley, M. & Redmond, J.W. 1980 The structure of the exopolysacchande from Rhizobium sp. strain ANU280 (NGR234). Carbohydrate Research 148, 87-99.
34. Doherty, D., Leigh, J., Glazebrook, J. & Walker, G.C. 1988 Rhizobium meliloti mutants that overproduce the R. meliloti acidic calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide. Journal of Bacteriology 170, 4249-4256.
35. Douglas, C.J., Staneloni, R.J., Rubin, R.A. & Nester, E.Z. 1985 Identification and genetic analysis of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens chromosomal virulence region. Journal of Bacteriology 161, 850-860.
36. Dylan, T., Helinski, D.R. & Ditta, G-S. 1990a Hypoosmotic adaptation in Rhizobium meliloti requires β-(1->2)-glucan. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 1400-1408.
37. Dylan, T., Ielpi, L., Stanfield, S., Kashyap, L., Douglas, C., Yanofsky, M., Nester, E., Helinski, D.R. & Ditta, G.S. 1986 Rhizobium meliloti genes required for nodule development are related to chromosomal virulence genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83, 4403-4407.
38. Dylan, T., Nagpal, P., Helinski, D.R & Ditta, G.S. 1990b Symbiotic pseudorevertants of Rhizobium meliloti ndv mutants, Journal of Bacteriology 172, 1409-1417.
39. Fiedler, W. & Rotering H. 1988 Properties of Escherichia coli mutants lacking membrane-derived oligosaccharides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 14684-14689.
40. Finan, T.M., Kunkel, B., De Vos, G.F. & Signer, E.R. 1986 Second symbiotic megaplasmid in Rhizobium meliloti carrying exopolysaccharide and thiamine synthesis genes. Journal of Bacteriology 167, 66-72.
41. Glazebrook, J. & Walker, G.G. 1989 A novel exopolysaccharide can function in place of the calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide in nodulation of alfalfa by Rhizcbium meliloti. Cell 56, 661-672.
42. Glucksmann, M.A., Reuber, T.L. & Walker, G.C. 1993 Family of glycosyl transferases needed for the synthesis of succinoglycan by Rhizobium meliloti. Journal of Bacteriology 175, 7033-7044.
43. Gore, R.S. & Miller, K.J. 1992 Cell surface carbohydrates of microaerobic, nitrogenase-active, continuous cultures of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain 32HI Journal of Bacteriology 174, 7828-7840.
44. Gray, J.X., Djordjevic, M.A. & Rolfe, B.G. 1990 Two genes that regulate exopolysaccharide production in Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234: DNA sequences and resultant phenotypes. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 193-203.
45. Hisamatsu, M., Yamada, T., Higashiura, T. & Ikeda, M. 1987 The production of acidic, O-acylated cydosophorans (cyclic [1,2]-β-D-glucan) by Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species. Carbohydrate Research 163, 115-122.
46. Hollmgsworth, R.I & Carlson, R.W. 1989 27-Hydroxyoctacosanoic acid is a major structural fatty acyl component of the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium trifolii ANU843. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246, 9300-9303.
47. Hollingsworth, R.I. & Lill-Elghanian, D.A. 1989 Isolation and characterization of the unusual lipopolysaccharide component, 2-amino-2-deoxy-2-N-(27-hydroxyoctacosanoly)-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanolyl)- gluco-hexanuronic acid, and its de-O-acylation product from the free lipid A of Rhizobium trifolii ANUS43. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 14039-14042.
48. Hollingsworth, R.I., Carlson, R.W., Garcia, F & Gage, D.A. 1989 A new core component from the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium trifolii ANU843. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 9294-9299.
49. Hynes, M.F. & McGregor, N.F. 1990 Two plasmids other than the nodulation plasmid are necessary for formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Molecular Microbiology 4, 567-574.
50. Ielpi, L, Dylan, T., Ditta, G.S., Helinski, D.R. & Stanfield, S.W. 1990 The ndvB locus of Rhizobium meliloti encodes a 319 kDa protein involved in the production of β-(1->2)-glucan. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 2843-2851.
51. Iñón de Iannino, N. & Ugalde, R.A. 1989 Biochemical characterization of avirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens chvA mutants synthesis and excretion of β-(1,2) glucan. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 2842-2851.
52. Jann, B, Reske, K. & Jann, K. 1975 Heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides. Analysis of polysaccharide chain lengths by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. European Journal of Biochemistry 60, 239-243.
53. Kannenberg, E.L., Rathbun, E.A. & Brewin, N.J. 1992 Molecular dissection of structure and function in the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 3841 using monoclonal antibodies and genetic analysis Molecular Microbiology 6, 2477-2487.
54. Keller, M., Becker, A., Roxlau, A., Arnold, W. & Puhler, A. 1994 The role of Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharides in the infection of alfalfa nodules. In: Proceedings of the 1st European Nitrogen Fixation Conference, eds. Kiss, G.B. & Endre, G. pp. 81-85. Szeged: Officina Press.
55. Kennedy, E.P 1982 Osmotic regulation and the biosynthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides in Eschenchia coli Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 79, 1092-1095.
56. Kennedy, E.P. 1987 Membrane-denved oligosaccharides. In: Eschenchia coli and Salmonella thyprumurium; cellular and molecular biology, eds Neidhardt, F.C., Ingraham, J.L., Low, K.B., Magasanik, B., Schaetcher, M. & Umbarger, H.E. pp. 672-679. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
57. Kim, C.H., Tully, R.E. & Keister, D.L. 1989 Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Rhizobium fredii HH303 which are symbiotically effective. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 1852-1854.
58. Leigh, J.A., Reed, J.W., Hanks, J.F., Hirsch, A.M. & Walker, G.C. 1987 Rhizobium meliloti mutants that fail to succinyiate their Calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide are defective in nodule invasion. Cell 51, 579-587.
59. Leigh, J.A., Signer, E.R. & Walker, G.C. 1985 Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that form ineffective nodules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82, 6231-6235.
60. Leigh, J.A., & Walker, G.C. 1994 Exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium: synthesis, regulation and symbiotic function. Trends in Genetics 10, 63-67.
61. Long, S., McCune, S. & Walker, G.C 1988 Symbiotic loci of Rhizobium meliloti identified by random TnphoA mutagenesis. Journal of Bacteriology 170, 4257-4265.
62. McNeil, M., Darvill, J., Darvill, A.G., Albersheim, P., van Veen, R., Hooykaas, P., Schilperoort, R. & Dell, A. 1986 The discernible, structural features of the acidic polysaccharides secreted by different Rhizobium species are the same. Carbohydrate Research 146, 307-326.
63. Miller, K.J. & Gore, R.S. 1992 Cyclic beta-1,6-1,3 glucans of Bradyrhizobium: functional analogs of the cyclic beta-1,2 glucans of Rhizobium? Current Microbiology 24, 101-104.
64. Miller, K.J., Kennedy, E.P. & Reinhold, V.N. 1986 Osmotic adaptation by gram-negative bacteria: possible role for periplasmic oligosaccharides. Science 231, 48-51.
65. Miller, K.J., Reinhold, V.N., Weissbom, A.C. & Kennedy, E.P. 1987 Cyclic glucans produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens are substituted with sn-1-phosphoglycerol residues. Biochimica et Biophysics Acta 901, 112-118.
66. Morris, V.J., Brownsey, G.J., Chilvers, G.R., Harris, J.E., Gunning, A.J. & Stevens. B.H.J. 1991 Possible biological roles for Rhizobium leguminosarum extracellular polysaccharide and cyclic glucans in bacteria-plant interactions for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Food Hydrocolloids 5, 185-188.
67. Müller, P., Hynes, M., Kapp, D., Niehaus, K. & Pühler, A. 1988 Two classes of Rhizobium meliloti infection mutants differ in exopolysaccharide production and in coinoculation properties with nodulation mutants. Molecular and General Genetics 211, 17-26.
68. Nagpal, P., Khanuja, S.P.S. & Stanfield, S.W. 1992 Suppression of the ndv mutant phenotype of Rhizobium meliloti by cloned exo genes. Molecular Microbiology 6, 479-488.
69. Noel, K.D. 1992 Rhizobial polysaccharides required in symbioses with legumes. In: Molecular Signals in Plant-Microbe Communications, ed Verma, D.P.S. pp. 341-357. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
70. Noel, K D., Vandenbosch, K.A. & Kulpaca, B. 1986 Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads, Journal of Bacteriology 169, 1392-1401.
71. O'Connell, K.P. & Handelsman, J. 1989 chuA locus may be involved in export of neutral cyclic β-1,2 linked D-glucan from Agrobactenum tumefaciens. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 2, 11-16.
72. Philip-Hollingsworth, S., Hollingsworth, R. & Dazzo, F. 1989 Host-range related structural features of the acidic extracellular polysaccharides of Rhizobium trifolii and Rhizobium leguminosarum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 5710-5714.
73. Priefer, U.B. 1989 Genes involved in lipopolysaccharide production and symbiosis are clustered on the chromosome of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39. Journal of Bacteriology 171, 6161-6168.
74. Puvanesarajah, V., Schell, F.M. Stacey, G., Douglas, C.J. & Nester, E.W. 1985 Role for 2-linked β-D-glucan in the virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Bacteriology 164, 101-106.
75. Reed, J.W., Capage, M. & Walker, G.C. 1991a Rhizobium meliioti exoG and exoJ mutations affect the ExoX-ExoY system for modulation of exopolysaccharide production. Journal of Bacteriology 173, 3776-3788.
76. Reed, J.W, Glazebrook, J. & Walker, G.C. 1991b The exoR gene of Rhizobium meliloti affects RNA levels of other exo genes but fades homology to known transcriptional regulators. Journal of Bacteriology 173, 3789-3794.
77. Reuber, T.L. & Walker, G.C 1993a Biosynthesis of succinoglycan, a symbiotically important exopolysaccharide of Rhizobium meliloti. Cell 74, 269-280.
78. Reuber, T.L. & Walker, G.C. 1993b The acetyl substituent of succinogiycan is not necessary for alfalfa nodule invasion by Rhizobium meliioti Rm1021. Journal of Bacteriology 175, 3653-3655.
79. Reuber, T.L, Long, S. & Walker, G.C. 1991 Regulation of Rhizobium meliloti exo genes in free-living cells and in planta examined by using TnphoA fusions. Journal of Bacteriology 173, 426-434.
80. Stacey, G., So, J-S., Roth, L.E., Bhagya Lakshmi, S.K. & Carlson, R.W. 1991 A lipopolysaccharide mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that uncouples plant from bacterial differentiation. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 4, 332-340.
81. Stanfield, S.W., Ielpi, L., O'Brochta, D., Helinski, D.R. & Ditta, G. 1988 The ndvA gene product of Rhizobium meliloti is required for β-(1->2)-glucan production and has homology to the ATP-binding export protein HlyB. Journal of Bacteriology 170, 3523-3530.
82. Tsai, C. & Frasch, C.E. 1981 A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Annales of Biochemistry 119, 115-119.
83. Uttaro, A.D., Cangelosi, G.A., Geremia, R.A., Nester, E.W. & Ugalde, R.A. 1990 Biochemical characterization of avirulent exoC mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 1640-1646.
84. Zevenhuizen, L.P.T.M. 1990 Recent developments in Rhizobium polysaccharides. In: Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers, ed Dawes, E.A. pp. 387-402. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
85. Zevenhuizen, L.P.T.M. & Van Neerven, A.R.W. 1993 (1,2)-β-glucan and acidic oligosaccharides produced by Rhizobium meliloti. Carbohydrate Research 118, 127-134.
86. Zorreguieta, A., Geremia, R.A., Cavaignac, S., Cangelosi, G.A., Nester, E.W. & Ugalde, R.A. 1988 Identification of the product of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens chromosomal virulence gene. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 1, 121-127.
87. Zorreguieta, A. & Ugalde, R.A. 1986 Formation in Rhizobium and Agrobacterium spp of a 235-kilodalton protein intermediate in β-D(1,2) glucan synthesis. Journal of Bacteriology 167, 947-951.
88. Zhan, H., Gray, J.X., Levery, S.B., Rolfe, B.C. & Leigh, J.A. 1990 Functional and evolutionary relatedness of genes for exopolysaccharide synthesis in Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 5245-5259.
89. Zhan, H., Levery, S.B., Lee, C.C. & Leigh, J.A. 1989 A second exopolysaccharide of Rhizobium meliloti strain SU47 that can function in root nodule invasion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86, 3055-3059.