Effect of the live weight gain of steers during winter grazing on digestibility, acid-base balance, blood flow, and oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues during adaptation and subsequent feeding of a high-grain diet

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 81, Issue 12, 2003, Pages 3130-3140

  Hersom, M J ^a   Krehbiel, C R ^a,c   Horn, G W ^a   Kirkpatrick, J G ^b  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acid Base Equilibrium; Blood Flow; Cattle; Compensatory Growth

Indexed keywords

BOS TAURUS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

ACID BASE BALANCE; ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; CATTLE; CEREAL; DIGESTION; EATING; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; LIVER; MALE; METABOLISM; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZATION; SEASON; SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW; WEIGHT GAIN;

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM; ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; CATTLE; CEREALS; DIGESTION; EATING; LIVER; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RANDOM ALLOCATION; SEASONS; SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 2142647412     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/2003.81123130x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA.
2. Baird, G. D., H. W. Symonds, and R. Ash. 1975. Some observations on metabolite production and utilization in vivo by the gut and liver of adult dairy cows. J. Agric Sci. 85:281-296.
3. Benson, J. A., C. K. Reynolds, P. C. Aikman, B. Lupoli, and D. E. Beever. 2002. Effects of abomasal vegetable oil infusion on splanchnic nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy. Sci. 85:1804-1814.
4. Bonhert, D. W., G. T. Larson, S. J. Lewis, C. J. Richards, K. C. Swanson, D. L. Harmon, and G. E. Mitchell, Jr. 1999. Net nutrient flux in visceral tissues of lambs fed diets differing in supplemental nitrogen source. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2545-2553.
5. Brown, M. S., C. R. Krehbiel, M. L. Galyean, M. D. Remmenga, J. P. Peters, B. Hibbard, J. Robinson, and W. M. Mosely. 2000. Evaluation of models of acute and subacute acidosis on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, blood chemistry, and endocrine profiles of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:3155-3168.
6. Burrin, D. G., C. L. Ferrell, J. H. Eisemann, R. A. Britton, and J. A. Neinaber. 1989. Effect of level of nutrition on splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 62:23-34.
7. Carstens, G. E., D. E. Johnson, M. A. Ellenburger, and J. D. Tatum. 1991. Physical and chemical components of the empty body during compensatory growth in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3251-3264.
8. Drouillard, J. S., T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Britton, M. L. Bauer, S. M. Gramlich, T. J. Wester, and C. L. Ferrell. 1991. Growth, body composition, and visceral organ mass and metabolism in lambs during and after metabolizable protein or net energy restrictions. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3357-3375.
9. Eisemann, J. H., G. B. Huntington, and D. R. Catherman. 1996. Patterns of nutrient interchange and oxygen use among portal- drained viscera, liver, and hindquaters of beef steers from 235 to 525 kg body weight. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1812-1831.
10. Elam, C. J. 1976. Acidosis in feedlot cattle: Practical observations. J. Anim. Sci. 43:898-901.
11. Ferrell, C. L., R. A. Britton, and H. C. Freetly. 1991. Chronic catheterization of hepatic and portal veins in sheep. P. J. Dziuk and M. Wheeler, ed. Handbook of Methods of Reproductive Physiology in Domestic Animals VIII A&F. University of Illinois Press, Champaign.
12. Fox, D. G., R. R. Johnson, R. L. Preston, T. R. Dockerty, and E. W. Klosterman. 1972. Protein and energy utilization during compensatory growth in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 34:310-318.
13. Freetly, H. C., C. L. Ferrell, T. G. Jenkins, and A. L. Goetsch. 1995. Visceral oxygen consumption during chronic feed restriction and realimentation in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 73:843-852.
14. Harvey, R. B., and A. J. Brothers. 1962. Renal extraction of paraaminohippurate and creatinine measured by continuous in vivo sampling of arterial and renal vein blood. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 102:46-54.
15. Hayden, J. M., J. E. Williams, and J. J. Collier. 1993. Plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, insulin, and thyroid hormone association with body protein and fat accretion in steers undergoing compensatory gain after dietary energy restriction. J. Anim. Sci. 71:3327-3338.
16. Hersom, M. J., G. W. Horn, C. R. Krehbiel, and W. A. Phillips. 2004a. Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: I. Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and body composition of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. (In press).
17. Hersom, M. J., C. R. Krehbiel, and G. W. Horn. 2004b. Effect of live weight gain of steers during winter grazing: II. Visceral organ mass, cellularity, and oxygen consumption. J. Anim. Sci. (In press).
18. Huntington, G. B. 1999. Sources of variation in splanchnic blood flow in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:3031-3036.
19. Huntington, G. B., and R. A. Britton. 1979. Effect of dietary lactic acid on rumen lactate metabolism and blood acid-base status of lambs switched from low to high concentrate diets. J. Anim. Sci. 49:1569-1576.
20. Huntington, G. B., and C. K. Reynolds. 1987. Oxygen consumption and metabolite flux of bovine portal-drained viscera and liver. J. Nutr. 117:1167-1173.
21. Huntington, G. B., and H. F. Tyrrell. 1985. Oxygen consumption by portal-drained viscera of cattle: Comparison of analytical methods and relationship to whole body oxygen consumption. J. Dairy Sci. 68:2727-2731.
22. Huntington, G. B., E. J. Zetina, J. M. Whitt, and W. Potts. 1996. Effects of dietary concentrate level on nutrient absorption, liver metabolism, and urea kinetics of beef steers fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. J. Anim. Sci. 74:908-916.
23. Katz, M. L., and E. N. Bergman. 1969. Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. Am. J. Physiol. 216:946-952.
24. Klopfenstein, T., R. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, D. Shain, T. Milton, C. Calkins, and C. Rossi. 1999. Effects of backgrounding and growing programs on beef carcass quality and yield. Available: http:// www.asas.org/jas/symposia/ proceedings/0942.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2003.
25. Krehbiel, C. R., C. L. Ferrell, and H. C. Freetly. 1998. Effects of frequency of supplementation on dry matter intake and net portal and hepatic flux of nutrients in mature ewes that consume low-quality forage. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2464-2473.
26. Krehbiel, C. R., D. L. Harmon, and J. E. Schnieder. 1992. Effect of increasing ruminal butyrate on portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70:904-914.
27. Lapierre, H., J. F. Bernier, P. Dubreuil, C. K. Reynolds, C. Farmer, D. R. Ouellet, and G. E. Lobley. 2000. The effect of feed intake level on splanchnic metabolism in growing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1084-1099.
28. Leedle, J. A. Z., M. L. Coe, and R. A. Frey. 1995. Evaluation of health and ruminal variables during adaptation to grain-based diets in beef cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 56:885-892.
29. Littell, R. C., G. A. Milliken, W. W. Stomp, and R. D. Wolfinger. 1996. SAS system for mixed models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
30. Moore, S. J., M. J. VandeHaar, B. K. Sharma, T. E. Pilbeam, D. K. Beede, H. F. Bucholtz, J. S. Liesman, R. L. Horst, and J. P. Goff. 2000. Effects of altering dietary cation-anion difference on calcium and energy metabolism in peripartum cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83:2095-2104.
31. NRC. 1996. Page 11 in Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
32. NRC. 2001. Page 192 in Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.
33. Oddy, V. H., D. B. Lindsay, and I. R. Fleet. 1988. Protein synthesis and degradation in the mammary gland of lactating goats. J. Dairy Res. 55:143-154.
34. Owens, F. N., D. S. Secrist, W. J. Hill, and D. R. Gill. 1998. Acidosis in cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 76:276-286.
35. Reynolds, C. K., and G. B. Huntington. 1988. Partition of portal- drained visceral net flux in beef steers 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post-stomach tissues. Br. J. Nutr. 60:539-551.
36. Reynolds, C. K. 2002. Economics of visceral energy metabolism in ruminants: Toll keeping or internal revenue service? J. Anim. Sci. 80(E. Suppl. 2):E74-E84. Online. Available: http://www.asas.org/symposia/esupp2/default.asp. Accessed Sept. 15, 2003.
37. Reynolds, C. K., G. B. Huntington, H. F. Tyrrell, and P. J. Reynolds. 1988. Net metabolism of volatile fatty acids, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, and blood gasses by portal-drained viscera and liver of lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2395-2405.
38. Reynolds, C. K., H. Lapierre, H. F. Tyrrell, T. H. Elsasser, R. C. Staples, P. Gaudreau, and P. Brazeau. 1992. Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: Net nutrient metabolism by portal-drained viscera and liver. J. Anim. Sci. 70:752-763.
39. Reynolds, C. K., H. F. Tyrrell, and P. J. Reynolds. 1991. Effects of diet forage-to-concentrate ratio and intake on energy metabolism in growing beef heifers: Whole body energy and nitrogen balance and visceral heat production. J. Nutr. 121:994-1003.
40. Sainz, R. D., F. Del Torra, and J. W. Oltjen. 1995. Compensatory growth and carcass quality in growth-restricted and refed beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2971-2979.
41. Slyter, L. L. 1976. Influence of acidosis on rumen function. J. Anim. Sci. 43:910-929.
42. Thomson, E. F., H. Bickel, and A. Schüren. 1982. Growth performance and metabolic changes in lambs and steers after mild nutritional restriction. J. Agric Sci. 98:183-194.
43. Vagnoni, D. B., and G. R. Oetzel. 1998. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference on the acid-base status of dry cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1643-1652.
44. Whitt, J. G. Huntington, E. Zetina, E. Casse, K. Taniguchi, and W. Potts. 1996. Plasma flow and net nutrient flux across gut and liver of cattle fed twice daily. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2450-2461.