Regional atmospheric budgets of reduced nitrogen over the British isles assessed using a multi-layer atmospheric transport model

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution

Volumn 162, Issue 1-4, 2005, Pages 331-351

  Fournier, N ^a   Tang, Y S ^a   Dragosits, U ^a   De Kluizenaar, Y ^b   Sutton, M A ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Ammonium; Deposition; England; Ireland; Scotland; Wales

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; DEPOSITION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

ATMOSPHERIC BUDGET; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BRITISH ISLES; NORTHERN IRELAND;

NITROGEN;

AMMONIA; NITROGEN;

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; NITROGEN;

ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BUDGET; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONCENTRATION PROCESS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; IRELAND; MODEL; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; POLITICS; REDUCTION; TRANSPORT KINETICS; UNITED KINGDOM; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; WORLD;

EID: 21344471654     PISSN: 00496979     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11270-005-7249-0     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. ApSimon, H. M., Barker, B. M. and Kayin, S.: 1994, 'Modelling studies of the atmospheric release and transport of ammonia - applications of the TERN model to an EMEP site in eastern England in anticyclonic episodes', Atmos. Environ. 28, 665-678.
2. Asman, W. A. H.: 2001, 'Modelling the atmospheric transport and deposition of ammonia and ammonium: An overview with special reference to Denmark', Atmos. Environ. 35, 1969-1983.
3. Asman, W. A. H., Drukker, B. and Janssen, A. J.: 1988, 'Modelled historical concentrations and depositions of ammonia and ammonium in Europe', Atmos. Environ. 22, 725-735.
4. Barrett, K. and Seland, O.: 1995, 'European Transboundary Acidifying Air Pollution - Ten Years Calculated Field and Budgets to the End of the First Sulphur Protocol', EMEP, 1/95. Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
5. Boyle, G. M., Farrell, E. P., Cummins, T. and Nunan, N.: 1997, 'Monitoring of forest ecosystems in Ireland', FOREM3 Project, Final Report. Forest Ecosystem Research Group Report Number 21. Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, 186 pp.
6. De Kluizenaar, Y. and Farrell, E. P.: 2001, 'Ammonia monitoring in Ireland. A full year of ammonia monitoring; set-up and results', Final report. RD report Series No. 8. Environmental Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland.
7. Dore, A. J., Choularton, T. W. and Fowler, D.: 1992, 'An improved wet deposition map of the United Kingdom incorporating the seeder-feeder effect over mountainous terrain', Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1375-1381.
8. Dore, A. J., Choularton, T. W. and Inglis, D. W. F.: 2001, 'Monitoring studies of precipitation and cap cloud chemistry at Holme Moss in the southern Pennines', Water Air Soil Pollut. 1, 381-390.
9. Dragosits, U., Sutton, M. A., Place, C. J. and Bayley, A.: 1998, 'Modelling the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom', Environ. Pollut. 102(S1), 195-203.
10. Farrell, E. P., Boyle, G. M., Cummins, T., Aherne, J. and van den Beuken, R.: 1996, 'Continued monitoring of a forest ecosystem in Ireland, Ballyhooly', Final Report. Forest Ecosystem Research Group Report Number 17. Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College, Dublin, 122 pp.
11. Fletchard, C. R., Fowler, D., Sutton, M. A. and Cape, J. N.: 1999, 'A dynamical chemical model of bi-directional ammonia exchange between semi-natural vegetation and the atmosphere', Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125, 2611-2641.
12. x budgets for 2010 with an atmospheric transport model', in Proceedings of the 26th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application, Istanbul, Turkey, May 2003, pp. 534-535.
13. Fournier, N., Dore, A. J., Vieno, M., Weston, K. J., Dragosits, U. and Sutton, M. A.: 2004, 'Modelling the deposition of atmospheric oxidised nitrogen and sulphur to the United Kingdom using a multi-layer long-range transport model', Atmos. Environ. 38, 683-694.
14. Fournier, N., Pais, V. A., Sutton, M. A., Weston, K. J., Dragosits, U., Tang, S. Y. and Aherne, J.: 2002, 'Parallelisation and application of an atmospheric transport model simulating dispersion and deposition of ammonia over the British Isles', Environ. Pollut. 116(1), 95-107.
15. Fournier, N., Weston, K. J., Sutton, M. A. and Dore, A. J.: 2001, 'Inclusion of an improved parameterisation of the wet deposition process in an atmospheric transport model', in Proceedings of the 25th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and its Application. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, October 2001, pp. 181-188.
16. Fowler, D., Cape, J. N., Leith, I. D., Choularton, T. W., Gay, M. J. and Jones, A.: 1988, 'The influence of altitude on rainfall composition at Great Dun Fell.', Atmos. Environ. 22, 1355-1362.
17. Fowler, D., Leith, I. D., Binnie, J., Crossley, A., Inglis, D. W. F., Choularton, T. W., Gay, M., Longhurst, J. W. S. and Conland, D. E.: 1995, 'Orographic enhancement of wet deposition in the United Kingdom: Continuous monitoring', Water Air Soil Pollut. 85, 2107-2112.
18. 3 and its effects on regional deposition', Water Air Soil Pollut.: Focus 1, 39-48.
19. Garland, J. A.: 1977, 'The dry deposition of sulphur dioxide to land and water surfaces', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 345, 245-268.
20. Golder, D.: 1972, 'Relation amongst stability parameters in the surface layer', Boundary Layer Meteorol. 3, 47-58.
21. Hensen, A. and Erisman, J. W.: 1999, 'Towards development of a deposition monitoring network for air pollution in Europe', ECN-C-99-075. ECN, Petten, The Netherlands.
22. Inglis, D. W. F., Choularton, T. W. and Wicks, A. J.: 1995, 'The effect of orography on wet deposition in an industrial area', Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 121, 1575-1588.
23. Lee, D. S., Kingdon, R. D., Jenkin, M. E. and Garland, J. A.: 2000, 'Modelling the atmospheric oxidised and reduced nitrogen budgets for the UK with a Lagrangian multi-layer long-range transport model', Environ. Model. Assessment 5, 83-104.
24. Metcalfe, S. E., Whyatt, J. D., Broughton, R., Derwent, R. G., Finnegan, D., Hall, J., Mineter, M., O'Donoghue, M. and Sutton, M.: 2001, 'Developing the Hull Acid Rain Model : Its validation and implications for policy makers', Environ. Sci. Policy 4, 25-37.
25. NEGTAP.: 2001, 'Transboundary Air Pollution: Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone in the UK', (First report of the National Expert Group on Transboundary Air Pollution), Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR), London.
26. Pasquill, F.: 1961, 'The estimation of the dispersion of windborne material', Meteorol. Mag. 90, 33-49.
27. RGAR: 1997, 'Acid deposition in the United Kingdom 1992-1994', (Fourth report of the United Kingdom Review Group on Acid Rain), Department of the Environment, London.
28. Simpson, D., Fagerli, H., Jonson, J. E., Tsyro, S. and Wind, P.: 2003, 'Transboundary Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground Level Ozone in Europe - Unified EMEP Model Description', EMEP, 1/2003. Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
29. Singles, R. J.: 1996, 'Fine resolution modelling of ammonia dry deposition over Great Britain.', PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK.
30. Singles, R. J., Sutton, M. A. and Weston, K. J.: 1998, 'A multi-layer model to describe the atmospheric transport and deposition of ammonia in Great Britain', Atmos. Environ. 32(3) (Ammonia Special Issue), 393-399.
31. Smith, R. I., Fowler, D., Sutton, M. A., Flechard, C. and Coyle, M.: 2000, 'Regional estimation of pollutant gas dry deposition in the UK: Model description, sensitivity analyses and outputs', Atmos. Environ. 34, 3757-3777.
32. Sutton, M. A., Asman, W. A. H. and Schjoerring, J. K.: 1994, 'Dry deposition of reduced nitrogen', Tellus 468, 255-273.
33. Sutton, M. A., Burkhardt, J. K., Guerin, D., Nemitz, E. and Fowler, D.: 1998b, 'Development of resistance models to describe measurements of bi-directional ammonia surface atmosphere exchange', Atmos. Environ. 32(3), 473-480.
34. Sutton, M. A., Dragosits, U., Tang, Y. S. and Fowler, D.: 2000, 'Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources in the UK', Atmos. Environ. 34(6), 855-869.
35. Sutton, M. A., Fowler, D., Smith, R. I., Eager, M., Place, C. J. and Asman, W. A. H.: 1993, 'Modelling the net exchange of reduced nitrogen. General assessment of biogenic emissions and deposition of nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds and oxidants in Europe', in J. Slanina, G. Angeletti and S. Beilke (eds.), Proceeding of the joint CEC/BIATEX workshop, Aveiro (May 1993), Air Pollution Research Report 47, CEC, Brussels, pp. 117-131.
36. Sutton, M. A., Miners, B. P., Tang, Y. S., Milford, C., Wyers, G. P., Duyzer, J. H. and Fowler, D.: 2002, 'Comparison of low cost measurement techniques for long-term monitoring of atmospheric ammonia', J. Environ. Monit. 3, 446-453.
37. Sutton, M. A., Place, C. J., Eager, M., Fowler, D. and Smith, R. I.: 1995a, 'Assessment of the magnitude of ammonia emissions in the United Kingdom', Atmos. Environ. 29(3), 1393-1413.
38. Sutton, M. A., Schjoerring, J. K. and Wyers, G. P.: 1995b, 'Plant-atmosphere exchange of ammonia', Phil. Trans. R. Soc., Lond., Ser. 351, 261-278.
39. Sutton, M. A., Tang, Y. S., Dragosits, U., Fournier, N., Dore, T., Smith, R. I., Western, K. J. and Fowler, D.: 2001, 'A spatial analysis of atmospheric ammonia and ammonium in the UK', The Sci. World 1(S2), 275-286.
40. Sutton, M. A., Tang, Y. S., Miners, B. P., Coyle, M., Smith, R.I. and Fowler, D.: 1998a, 'Spatial and temporal patterns of ammonia concentration in the UK', Results of the National Ammonia Monitoring Network. Report. ITE Edinburgh.
41. 3 concentrations', The Sci. World 1, 513-529.
42. Van den Beuken, R.: 1997, 'Mapping emission and dry deposition of ammonia for Ireland', Forest Ecosystem Research Group Report 24. Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
43. Wyers, G. P. and Erisman, J. W.: 1998, 'Ammonia exchange over coniferous forest', Atmos. Environ. 32(3), 441-451.