Diffuse high-energy gamma-ray emission beyond the solar circle: The Cepheus and Polaris flares and the Perseus arm

Astrophysical Journal

Volumn 463, Issue 2 PART I, 1996, Pages 609-622

  Digel, S W ^a,b   Grenier, I A ^c,d   Heithausen, A ^e   Hunter, S D ^b   Thaddeus, P ^a  

^a HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR ASTROPHYSICS   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c CEA SACLAY   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cosmic rays; Diffuse radiation; Gamma rays: observations; ISM: clouds radio lines: ISM

Indexed keywords

EID: 21344465807     PISSN: 0004637X     EISSN: 15384357     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/177275     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Bertsch, D. L., Dame, T. M., Fichtel, C. E., Hunter, S. D., Sreekumar, P., Stacy, J. G., & Thaddeus, P. 1993, ApJ, 416, 587
2. Bertsch, D. L., et al. 1989, Proc. Gamma Ray Observatory Science Workshop, ed. W. N. Johnson (Greenbelt, MD: NASA/GSFC), 2
3. Bloemen, H. 1989, ARA&A, 29, 469
4. Bloemen, J. B. G. M., Caraveo, P. A., Hermsen, W., Lebrun, F., Maddalena, R. J., Strong, A. W., & Thaddeus, P. 1984, A&A, 139, 37
5. Bloemen, J. B. G. M., Deul, E. R., & Thaddeus, P. 1990, A&A, 233, 437
6. Bloemen, J. B. G. M., et al. 1986, A&A, 154, 25
7. Bloemen, J. B. G. M., Reich, P., Reich, W., & Schlickeiser, R. 1988, A&A, 204, 88
8. Brand, J., & Blitz, L. 1993, A&A, 275, 67
9. Bronfman, L., Cohen, R. S., Alvarez, H., May, J., & Thaddeus, P. 1988, ApJ, 324, 248
10. Cohen, R. S., Cong, H., Dame, T. M., & Thaddeus, P. 1980, ApJ, 239, L53
11. Dame, T. M. 1993, in Proc. 3d October Astrophysics Conf. in Maryland, ed. S. S. Holt &F. Verter (New York: AIP), 267
12. Dame, T. M., et al. 1987, ApJ, 322, 706
13. Digel, S. W. 1991, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard Univ.
14. Digel, S., Bally, J., &Thaddeus, P. 1990, ApJ, 357, L29
15. Digel, S. W., Hunter, S. D., & Mukherjee, R. 1995, ApJ, 441, 270
16. Eadie, W. T., Drijard, D., James, F. E., Roos, M., & Sadoulet, B. 1971, Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics (Amsterdam: North Holland)
17. Fichtel, C. E., & Kniffen, D. A. 1984, A&A, 134, 13
18. Grenier, I. A., & Lebrun, F. 1990, ApJ, 360, 129
19. Grenier, I. A., Lebrun, F., Arnaud, M., Dame, T. M., & Thaddeus, P. 1989, ApJ, 347, 231
20. Heiles, C., & Habing, H. J. 1974, A&AS, 14, 1
21. Heithausen, A., & Thaddeus, P. 1990, ApJ, 353, L49
22. Humphreys, R. M. 1976, ApJ, 206, 114
23. Hunter, S. D., Digel, S. W., de Geus, E. J., & Kanbach, G. 1994, ApJ, 436, 216
24. Hunter, S. D., et al. 1996, ApJ, submitted
25. Issa, M. R., Strong, A. W., & Wolfendale, A. W. 1981, J. Phys. G, 7, 565
26. Kanbach, G., et al. 1988, Space Sci. Rev., 49, 69
27. Kimeswenger, S., & Weinberger, R. 1989, A&A, 209, 51
28. Koch, H. W., & Motz, J. W. 1959, Rev. Mod. Phys., 31, 920
29. Lebrun, F., et al. 1983, ApJ, 274, 231
30. Lebrun, F., & Paul, J. 1985, Proc. 19th Internat. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (La Jolla) (NASA CP-2376), 1, 309
31. Lequeux, J., Allen, R. J., & Guilloteau, S. 1993, A&A, 280, L23
32. Mattox, J. R., et al. 1996, ApJ, 461, 396
33. -. 1997, ApJ, in preparation
34. Mead, K. N., & Kutner, M. L. 1988, ApJ, 330, 399
35. Melisse, J., & Bloemen, H. 1990, Proc. 21st Internat. Cosmic-Ray Conf. (Adelaide), 1, 137
36. Michelson, P. F., et al. 1994, in AIP Conf. Proc. 304, Proc. The 2d COMPTON Symp., ed. C. E. Fichtel, N. Gehrels, &J. P. Norris (New York: AIP), 602
37. Nolan, P. L., et al. 1997, ApJ, in preparation
38. Osborne, J. L., Wolfendale, A. W., & Zhang, L. 1994, J. Phys. G, 20, 1089
39. Pollock, A. M. T, et al. 1985, A&A, 146, 352
40. Skibo, J. G. 1993, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Maryland
41. Sodroski, T. J. 1991, ApJ, 366, 95
42. Stark, A. A., Gammie, C. F., Wilson, R. W., Daily, J., & Linke, R. A. 1992, ApJS, 79, 77
43. Stecker, F. W. 1988, in Cosmic Gamma Rays, Neutrinos and Related Astrophysics, ed. M. M. Shapiro &J. P. Wefel (Dordrecht: Reidel), 85
44. Strong, A. W., et al. 1988, A&A, 207, 1
45. Taylor, J. H., & Cordes, J. M. 1993, ApJ, 411, 674
46. Thompson, D. J., & Fichtel, C. E. 1982, A&A, 109, 352
47. Thompson, D. J., et al. 1993a, ApJS, 86, 629
48. -. 1993b, ApJ, 415, L13
49. -. 1995, ApJS, 101, 259
50. Ungerechts, H., Umbanhowar, P., & Thaddeus, P. 1996, ApJ, submitted
51. von Montigny, C., et al. 1995, ApJ, 440, 525
52. Weaver, H., & Williams, D. R. W. 1973, A&AS, 8, 1
53. Wilson, T. L., & Mauersberger, R. 1994, A&A, 282, L41
54. Wouterloot, J. G. A., Brand, J., Burton, W. B., & Kwee, K. K. 1990, A&A, 230, 21