Thermionic contrast between the mean work functions effective for thermal positive-ionic and electronic emissions from polycrystalline tungsten surfaces heated in vacuum: Comparison between theory and experiment

Applied Surface Science

Volumn 249, Issue 1-4, 2005, Pages 238-245

  Kawano, Hiroyuki ^a,b  

^a EHIME UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b NONE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Monocrystalline metal surfaces; Thermal positive ion emission; Thermionic contrast; Tungsten; Work function

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON EMISSION; HEATING; IONS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; THERMAL EFFECTS; TUNGSTEN; VACUUM APPLICATIONS;

MONOCRYSTALLINE METAL SURFACES; THERMAL POSITIVE ION EMISSION; THERMOIONIC CONTRAST; WORK FUNCTIONS;

SURFACE CHEMISTRY;

EID: 21344450703     PISSN: 01694332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.12.009     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. M. Kaminsky Atomic and Ionic Impact Phenomena on Metal Surfaces 1965 Springer-Verlag Berlin p. 98
2. H. Kawano, K. Funato, T. Maeda, and Y. Zhu Appl. Surf. Sci. 119 1997 341
3. H. Kawano, and F.M. Page Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 50 1983 1
4. D. Colodner, V. Salters, and D.C. Duckworth Anal. Chem. 66 1994 1079A
5. B.H. Wolf Handbook of Ion Sources 1995 CRC Press Boca Raton p. 313
6. I.T. Platzner Modern Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry 1997 John Wiley New York p. 153
7. H. Zhang Ion Sources 1999 Science Press/Springer Beijing/Berlin p. 165
8. J.C. Rivière Work function: measurements and results M. Green Solid State Surface Science 1 1969 Marcel Dekker New York 179
9. V.S. Fomenko Emission Properties of Metals 1972 Joint Publications Research Services Arlington, Virginia, USA p. 62 [Available from U. S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22161, USA; with respect to 4th ed., see Chem. Abstr. 96 (1982) 227505z]
10. H. Kawano, T. Kenpo, and Y. Hidaka Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 57 1984 581
11. H. Kawano, and T. Kenpo Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process. 66 1985 93
12. H. Kawano, K. Ohgami, K. Funato, and J. Nakamura Vacuum 46 1995 1139
13. É.Ya. Zandberg, and A.Ya. Tontegode Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 10 1966 1162
14. É.Ya. Zandberg, N.I. Ionov, and A.Ya. Tontegode Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 10 1966 1164
15. É.Ya. Zandberg, and U.Kh. Rasulev Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 13 1969 1446
16. É.Ya. Zandberg, É.G. Nazarov, and U.Kh. Rasulev Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 25 1980 473
17. N.D. Konovalov, V.A. Kuznetsov, and B.M. Tsarev Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 14 1969 834
18. C. Herring, and M.H. Nichols Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 1949 185
19. É.Ya. Zandberg, and A.Ya. Tontegode Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 10 1965 260
20. H.-D. Schmick, and H.-W. Wassmuth Nucl. Instrum. Methods 169 1980 139
21. R. Kirchner Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 292 1990 203
22. V.P. Afanas'ev, V.A. Obukhov, and V.I. Raiko Nucl. Instrum. Methods 145 1977 533
23. D.M. Wayne, W. Hang, D.K. McDaniel, R.E. Fields, E. Rios, and V. Majidi Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 216 2002 41
24. G.D. Alton Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59 1988 1039
25. G.D. Alton, M.T. Johnson, and G.D. Mills Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 328 1993 154
26. G.D. Alton, R.F. Welton, B. Cui, S.N. Murray, and G.D. Mills Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 142 1998 578
27. W. Körner Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 22 1974 523
28. M.V. Loginov, and M.A. Mittsev Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 20 1976 1497
29. É.G. Nazarov Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 24 1979 707
30. D.R. Koenig, T.H. Pigford, Work function and cesium desorption energies for planar tungsten single crystals, AEC Accession No. 27788, Report No. UCRL-16804 (1966).
31. [Chem. Abstr. 65 (1966) 19423h].
32. F.L. Hughes, H. Levinstein, and R. Kaplan Phys. Rev. 113 1959 1023
33. F.L. Hughes, and H. Levinstein Phys. Rev. 113 1959 1029
34. M.D. Fiske Phys. Rev. 61 1942 513
35. R.W. Wright Phys. Rev. 60 1941 465
36. L.D. Schmidt, and R. Gomer J. Chem. Phys. 43 1965 2055
37. J. Zegenhagen, J. Ulbricht, R. Beckmann, and U. Holm Surf. Sci. 109 1981 621
38. O.D. Protopopov, E.V. Mikheeva, B.N. Sheinberg, and G.N. Shuppe Sov. Phys. Solid State 8 1966 909
39. M.J. Copley, and T.E. Phipps Phys. Rev. 48 1935 960
40. Y. Hirai, and S. Hyodo Surf. Sci. 65 1977 93
41. J.R. Werning, Thermal ionization at hot metal surfaces, U.S. Atomic Energy Comm., Report UCRL-8455, 1958.
42. [Chem. Abstr. 53 (1959) 13784i].
43. F.L. Reynolds J. Chem. Phys. 39 1963 1107
44. I.D. Baikie, U. Peterman, B. Lägel, and K. Dirscherl J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 2001 1460
45. K.C. Mishra, R. Garner, and P.C. Schmidt J. Appl. Phys. 95 2004 3069
46. Z. Szczudło, A. Ciszewski, and Y.B. Losovyj Appl. Surf. Sci. 174 2001 138
47. B.I. Birajdar, S.V. Shende, and D.S. Joag Surf. Sci. 505 2002 285