Reactive Extraction: Principles and Apparatus Concepts

Integrated Chemical Processes: Synthesis, Operation, Analysis, and Control

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 313-337

  Bart, Hans Jörg ^a  

^a Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau   (Germany)

Author keywords

Hydrodynamics; Integrated chemical processes; Integration of separations and chemical reactions; Phase equilibria; Physical extraction; Principles and apparatus concepts; Reactive extraction; Reactive mass transfer

Indexed keywords

EID: 21244469944     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/3527605738.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (69)

1. E. Peligot, Ann. Chim. Phys., 1842, 5 (1).
2. E. Blaß, T. Liebl, M. Häberl, Extraktion - ein historischer Rückblick. Chem. Ing. Techn., 1997, 69, 431-437.
3. K. L. Power, Operation of the First Liquid Ion-Exchange and Electrowinning Plant. in Proceedings ISEĆ71. 1971, The Hague. L. Chem. Soc. Ing. Ind., (ed.). pp. 1409-1415.
4. G. M. Ritcey and A. W. Ashbrook, Solvent Extraction Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy. Vol. 1-2. 1979, New York: Elsevier.
5. J. D. Thornton, Science and Practice of Liquid-Liquid Extraction., Vol. 1-2. 1992, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6. J. Rydberg, C. Musikas, G. R. Choppin, Principles and Practices in Solvent Extraction. 2002, 2nd edn. New York: Marcel Dekker.
7. T. C. Lo, M. H. I. Baird and C. Hanson, Handbook of Solvent Extraction.1983, New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
8. C. Hanson, Neuere Fortschritte der Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion. 1971, Aarau: Sauerländer.
9. E. J. Holmyard, Alchemy. 1957, London: Pelican Books, A348.
10. P. Wasserscheid and W. Keim, Ionische Flüssigkeiten - neue Lösungen für die Übergangsmetallkatalyse. Angewandte Chemie, 2000, 112 (21), 3926-3945.
11. M. Masse and K. Massone, Ionische Flüssigkeiten - ein neuartiges Konzept für die Katalyse und die Stofftrennung, in: DECHEMA/GVC Jahrestagung. 16./18.09.2003, Mannheim.
12. M. Masse, K. Massone, K. Halbritter, et al., Method for the separation of acids from chemical reaction mixtures by means of ionic liquids, in: Int. Pat PCT/EP03/00545 (WO 03/062171 A2), 21.01.2003.
13. K. Gloe, H. Granbaum, M. Wüst, et al., Macrocyclic and open-chain ligands with the redox switchable trithiadiazapentalene unit: synthesis, structures and complexation phenomena. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2001, 222, 103.
14. G. A. Kordosky, The Chemistry of Metals Recovery Using LIX-Reagents. 1973, Mines Branch: General Mills.
15. G. Schmuckler and G. Harel, in: Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, J. A. Marinsky and Y. Marcus, (eds.). Vol. 13. 1997, Marcel Dekker: New York. pp. 1-30.
16. G. M. Ritcey, in Value Adding Through Solvent Extraction, R. P. D. C. Shellcross, L. M. Prvcic, (ed.). 1996, The University of Melbourne: Melbourne. pp. 17-24.
17. E. Paatero and J. Sjöblom, Phase behaviour in metal extraction systems. Hydrometallurgy, 1990, 25, 231-256.
18. P. A. Winsor, Hydrotropy, Solubilisation and Related Emulsification Processes, Parts I - IV. Transaction of the Faraday Society, 1947, 44, 376-398.
19. P. A. Winsor, Solubilisation with amphiphilic compounds. Chemistry and Industry, 1960, 4, 632-644.
20. J. Biais, B. Clin and P. Lalanne, Phase diagrams and pseudophase assumption, in: Microemulsions: Structure and Dynamics, S. E. Friberg and P. Bothorel, (eds.). 1987, CRC Press, Inc.: Cleveland. pp. 1-31.
21. E. Paatero, P. Ernola, J. Sjöblom, et al., Formation of microlemulsions in solvent extraction systems containing Cyanex 272, in: ISEC 88. 1988, Moskau. Nauka, (ed.). pp. 124-127.
22. J. Wisniak and A. Tamir, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium and Extraction. Phys. Sci. Data. Vol. 7., 1980, New York: Elsevier.
23. J. M. Sorensen, T. Magnussen, P. Rasmussen, et al., Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Data: Their Retrieval, Correlation and Prediction, Part II: Correlation. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1979., 3: pp. 47-82.
24. J. M. Sorensen and W. Arlt, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection. Chem. Data Series. 1979-1980, Frankfurt: DECHEMA.
25. H.-J. Bart, R. Berger, T. Misek, et al., Recommended Systems for Liquid Extraction Studies, in: Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment, J. C. Godfrey and M. J. Slater, (eds.). 1994, J. Wiley & Sons: London. pp. 1-43.
26. Y. Marcus, Solvent Mixtures. 2002, New York: Marcel Dekker.
27. T. J. Edwards, G. Maurer, J. Newman, et al., Vapor Liquid Equilibria in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions of Volatile Weak Electrolytes. AIChE J., 1978, 24, 966-976.
28. H. J. Bart and G. Stevens, Reactive Solvent Extraction, in: Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, Y. Marcus and A. K. SenGupta, (eds.). Vol. 16. 2004, Marcel Dekker: New York. pp. 37-83.
29. J. M. Hildebrand and R. L. Scott, The Solubility of Nonelectrolytes. 3rd edn. 1950, New York: Reinhold.
30. Z. Kolarik, Critical Evaluation of some Equilibrium Constants Involving Acidic Organophosphorous Extractants. Pure Appl. Chem., 1982, 54 (12), 2593-2674.
31. H.-J. Bart, Reactive Extraction. Series: Heat and Mass Transfer, D. Mewes and D. M. F. Mayinger (ed.). 2001, Berlin: Springer.
32. C. I. Sainz-Diaz, H. Klocker, H. J. Bart, et al., New Approach in the Modelling of the Extraction Equilibria of Zinc with Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. Hydrometallurgy, 1996, 42, 1-11.
33. M. Mörters and H. J. Bart, Extraction Equilibria of Zinc with Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2000, 45 (1), 82-85.
34. H. Renon and J. M. Prausnitz, Local Compositions in Thermodynamic Excess Functions for Liquid Mixtures. AIChE J., 1968, 14, 135-144.
35. D. S. Abrahams and J. M. Prausnitz, Statistical Thermodynamics of Liquid Mixtures: A New Expression for the Excess Gibbs Energy of Partly or Completely Miscible Systems. AIChE J., 1975, 21, 116-128.
36. A. Fredenslund, R. L. Jones, J. M. Prausnitz, Group-Contribution Estimation of Activity Coefficients in Nonideal Liquid Mixtures. AIChE J., 1975, 21 (6), 1086-1099.
37. M. J. Kamlet, J. L. M. About, R. W. Taft, An Examination of Linear Solvation Energy Relationship. Prog. Phys. Org. Chem., 1981, 13, 485-630.
38. M. J. Kamlet, J. L. M. About, M. H. Abraham, et al., LSER 23, A Comprehensive Collection of the Solvatochromic Parameters and some Methods for Simplifying the Generalized Solvatochromic Equation. J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 2877-2887.
39. P. Meyer and G. Maurer, Correlation and Prediction of Partition Coefficients of Organic Solutes Between Water and an Organic Solvent with a Generalized Form of the LSER. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1995, 34, 373-381.
40. P. Meyer and G. Maurer, Correlation of Partition Coefficients of Organic Solutes Between Water and an Organic Solvent. An Application of the LSER. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1993, 32, 113-131.
41. Y. Marcus, LSER Correlation and Prediction of the Distribution of Organic Solutes Between Water and Immiscible Organic Solvents. J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 8886-8891.
42. M. J. Kamlet, R. M. Doherty, M. H. Abraham, et al., LSER 46 An Improved Equation for Correlating and Prediction of Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients of Organic Nonelectrolytes (Including Strong Hydrogen Bond Donor Solutes. J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 5244-5255.
43. F. Eckert, A. Klamt, Fast Solvent Screening Via Quantum Chemistry: COSMO-RS Approach. AIChE J., 2002, 48, 369.
44. A. Klamt, F. Eckert, COSMO-RS: A Quantum Chemistry based Alternative to Group Contribution Methods for the Prediction of Activity Coefficients in Multi-Component Mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2000, 172, 43.
45. H. Klocker, H.-J. Bart, R. Marr, et al., Mass Transfer Based on Chemical Potential Theory: ZnSO4/H2SO4/ D2EHPA. AIChE J., 1997, 43 (10), 2479-2487.
46. W. Nitsch, in Transportprozesse und chemische Reaktionen an fluiden Phasengrenzen, Dechema, (ed.). Vol. 114. 1989, VCH: Weinheim. pp. 285-302.
47. R. Taylor and R. Krishna, Multicomponent Mass Transfer. 1993, New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
48. D. Bosse, H.-J. Bart, Vorausberechnung von Diffusionskoeffizienten in fluiden Systemen, in: GVC-Fachausschuss Fluidverfahrenstechnik. 2004, Leipzig.
49. S. Glasstone, K. Laidler, H. Eyring, The Theory of Rate Processes., 1941, New York: McGraw-Hill.
50. A. Vignes, Diffusion in Binary Solutions. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 1966, 5 (2), 189-199.
51. R. J. Bearman, On the Molecular Basis of some current Theories of Diffusion. J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 1961-1968.
52. A. Pfennig, Multicomponent Diffusion, in: Int. Workshop Transport in Fluid Multiphase Systems: From Experimental Data to Mechanistic Models. 2004, Aachen.
53. L. Steiner, Mass Transfer Rates from Single Drops and Drop Swarms. Chem. Eng. Sci., 1986, 41 (8), 1979-1986.
54. M. J. Slater, A Combined Model of Mass Transfer Coefficients for Contaminated Drop Liquid-Liquid Systems. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1995, 73, 462-469.
55. M. Henschke and A. Pfennig, Mass Transfer Enhancement in Single-Drop Extraction Experiments. AIChE J., 1999, 45 (10), 2079-2086.
56. M. Mörters and H. J. Bart, Mass Transfer into Droplets in Reactive Extraction. Chem. Engng. and Processing, 2003, 42, 1251-1269.
57. L. A. Robins and R. W. Cusack, Liquid-Liquid Extraction Operations and Equipment, in: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, R. H. Perry and D. W. Green, (eds.). 1997, McGraw Hill: New York. pp. 15/1-15/47.
58. M. M. Attarakih, H.-J. Bart and N. M. Faqir, Numerical solution of the two dimensional population balance equation describing the hydrodynamics of interacting liquid-liquid dispersions. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2004, 59 (12), 2567-2592.
59. M. M. Attarakih, H.-J. Bart and N. M. FaqirNumerical solution of the two dimensional population balance equation describing the hydrodynamics of interacting liquid-liquid dispersions. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2003, 59 (12), 2567-2592.
60. M. Simon, S. A. Schmidt, H.-J. Bart, The Droplet Populance Model -Estimation of Breakage and Coalescence. Chem. Ing. Techn., 2003, 26, 745-750.
61. S. A. Schmidt, M. Simon, L. Lagar García, et al., Estimation of Populance Parameters in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns., in: 2nd Int. Conf. Population Balance Modelling. 2004, Valencia, Spain.
62. G. Goldmann, Ermittlung und Interpretation von Kennlinienfelder in einer gerührten Extraktionskolonne. Dissertation, 1986, TU München: München.
63. L. Steiner, A. Kumar, S. Hartland, Determination and correlation of axial-mixing parameters in an agitated liquid-liquid extraction column. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1988, 66, 241-247.
64. P. Kolb, H.-J. Bart, Bart, L. Fischer, Entwicklung einer Miniplantextraktionskolonne. Chem. Ing. Techn., 2002, 74, 243-247.
65. R. Gayler, N. W. Roberts, H. R. C. Pratt, Liquid-Liquid Extraction. A further Study of Hold-up in Packed Columns. Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 1953, 31, 57.
66. T. Misek, General Hydrodynamic Design Basis for Columns, in: Liquid-Liquid Extraction Equipment, J. C. Godfrey and M. J. Slater (eds.). 1994, J. Wiley & Sons: London, pp. 95-113.
67. G. Modes, Grundsätzliche Studie zur Populationsdynamik von Extraktionskolonnen auf Basis von Einzeltropfenuntersuchungen. 2000, Aachen: Shaker.
68. B. Wolschner, Konzentrationsprofile in Drehscheibenextraktoren. Dissertation, 1980, Dissertation TU Graz: Graz.
69. S. A. Schmidt, H.-J. Bart, Bestimmung der Tropfeninteraktionen in gerührten Extraktionskolonnen auf der Basis von Einzeltropfenuntersuchungen, in: Vortrag am DECHEMA/GVC-Fachausschuss "Extraktion", 2004, Aachen.